Patrisse Cullors
Cullors in 2015
Born
Patrisse Cullors

(1983-06-20) June 20, 1983
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
EducationUniversity of California, Los Angeles (BA)
University of Southern California (MFA)
Occupation(s)Activist, artist, writer
Notable workBlack Lives Matter
Spouse
​
(m. 2016)​
[lower-alpha 1]
Children1

Patrisse Marie Khan-Cullors Brignac[3] (née Cullors-Brignac; born June 20, 1983) is an American activist, co-founder of the Black Lives Matter movement, artist and writer. Cullors created the #BlackLivesMatter hashtag in 2013 and has written and spoken widely about the movement. Other topics on which Cullors advocates include prison abolition in Los Angeles and LGBTQ rights. Cullors integrates ideas from critical theory, as well as from social movements around the world, in her activism.[4] Cullors has had two books published.

Early life and education

Cullors was born in Los Angeles, California. Her mother Cherice Foley is a Jehovah's Witness. Her biological father was Gabriel Brignac, whom she did not meet until she was eleven years old. She was raised in the home of Alton Cullors, who used to work at a General Motors plant in Van Nuys before it was shut down, forcing him to work in low-paying jobs. She has three siblings — two brothers named Paul and Monte, and a sister named Jasmine.[5][6] Gabriel was a repeat offender who was jailed many times on drugs-related charges and died in 2009 in a homeless shelter.[7][8] Cullors described him as having a constant and caring presence in her life.[9]

Her brother, Monte was arrested in 1999 after stealing his mother's car. Later he was diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder. Cullors recalled that in a fight with prison officers, he was allegedly choked, beaten up brutally, and was forced to drink toilet water.[10][11] She has cited this as one of the reasons for her activism.[11]

Cullors grew up in a Section 8 apartment in Van Nuys, a poor and largely Mexican-American neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley.[12][13] Her step-father Alton eventually left his family, leaving Cherice to raise her kids on her own.[14] Cullors said that she witnessed her 11 and 13-year-old brothers being needlessly slammed into a wall by police when she was 9 years old.[10] At the age of 12, she was arrested for smoking marijuana.[15] At this time, she was a student at Millikan Middle School, an affluent school in Sherman Oaks which had a large white student body and a population of gifted students. Cullors describes that she felt ashamed going there with her mother in a car.[16][6] She also states that it was the white girls at the school who introduced her to weed. However, when she was arrested, she was attending the Van Nuys Middle School, a school consisting mostly of children of working-class families and non-whites, as part of summer school, due to her poor grades. For her, the transition was a shock, as the school had a metal detector and was guarded by police unlike her other school.[17][6]

Cullors became an activist early in life, joining the Bus Riders Union (BRU) under the leadership of Eric Mann as a teenager[12][18] during which time she attended a year-long organizing program led by the Labor Community Strategy Center (which organized the BRU).[19][20] She learned about revolutionaries, critical theory and social movements from around the world, while practicing activism.[4] Cullors also enrolled at Grover Cleveland High School (now Cleveland Humanities Magnet) in Reseda and was admitted into its social justice magnet program.[21][22] She went onto acquire a degree in religion and philosophy at UCLA, as well as a MFA from the Roski School of Art and Design at the University of Southern California.[12][23]

Cullors recalled being forced from her home at sixteen when she revealed her queer identity to her parents.[24] Raised as a Jehovah's Witness, but due to her mother's teenage pregnancy, Cullors' immediate family was shunned by both the church and their extended family members; she remained committed to the faith for years, even in exile, but later grew disillusioned with the church.[10] She developed an interest in the Nigerian religious tradition of Ifá, incorporating its rituals into political protest events. She told an interviewer in 2015 that "seeking spirituality had a lot to do with trying to seek understanding about my conditions—how these conditions shape me in my everyday life and how I understand them as part of a larger fight, a fight for my life."[25]

Career

Cullors speaking in 2015

Cullors teaches at Otis College of Art and Design in the Public Practice Program.[26] She also teaches in the Master's Arts in Social Justice and Community Organizing at Prescott College.[27][28]

Black Lives Matter

Along with community organizers and friends Alicia Garza and Opal Tometi, Cullors founded Black Lives Matter.[29][30] The three started the movement out of frustration over George Zimmerman's acquittal in the killing of Trayvon Martin.[31] Cullors created the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter in 2013 to corroborate Garza's use of the phrase in making a Facebook post about the Martin case.[32] Cullors further described her impetus for pushing for African-American rights stemming from her 19-year-old brother's brutalization during imprisonment in Los Angeles County jails.[33]

Cullors and her BLM co-founders, Garza and Tometi, set out to build a decentralized movement governed by consensus of a members' collective and in 2015, a network of chapters was formed. Cullors has been the most publicly visible of the co-founders, especially after Garza and Tometi stepped back from regular involvement in the organization.[34] She credits social media being instrumental in revealing violence against African Americans, saying: "On a daily basis, every moment, black folks are being bombarded with images of our death ... It's literally saying, 'Black people, you might be next. You will be next, but in hindsight it will be better for our nation, the less of our kind, the more safe it will be."[35]

In 2017, she said that the movement would not meet with United States president Donald Trump just as it wouldn't have met with Adolf Hitler, as Trump "is literally the epitome of evil, all the evils of this country — be it racism, capitalism, sexism, homophobia."[36][37]

In May 2021 (after holding the position for six years which included setting up the organization's infrastructure) Cullors resigned from her formal role as executive director of the Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation, to focus on her second book and a multi-year TV deal with Warner Bros. She said that her resignation had nothing to do with alleged attempts to discredit her and that it had been planned for over a year. Cullors said "I think I will probably be less visible, because I won't be at the helm of one of the largest, most controversial organizations right now in the history of our movement...But no movement is one leader."[34][38]

Other activism

She has served as executive director of the Coalition to End Sheriff Violence in L.A. Jails.[32] The group advocated for a civilian commission to oversee the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department in order to curb abuses by officers. By organizing former jail inmates as a voting bloc, the group hoped to sway the L.A. County Board of Supervisors to create such a commission, as well as gather enough votes to elect a replacement for L.A. County Sheriff Lee Baca, who resigned in 2014 for separate reasons.[39] However, the group did not succeed in its efforts.

Cullors co-founded the prison activist organization Dignity and Power Now, which succeeded in advocating for a civilian oversight board.[40]

She is also a board member of the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights, having led a think tank on state and vigilante violence for the 2014 Without Borders Conference.[41] In October 2020, she launched a production company with a deal with Warner Bros. Television.[42]

Ideology and policy positions

Cullors defines herself as a prison, police and "militarization" abolitionist,[43] a position she says is inspired by "a legacy of black-led anti-colonial struggle in the United States and throughout the Americas".[44] She also favors reparations for what she describes as "the historical pains and damage caused by European settler colonialism", in various forms, such "financial restitution, land redistribution, political self-determination, culturally relevant education programs, language recuperation, and the right to return (or repatriation)".[43]

She cites the activist and formerly incarcerated Weather Underground member Eric Mann, as her mentor during her early activist years at the Bus Riders Union of Los Angeles.[45] She draws on various ideological inspirations. One is black feminists such as Audre Lorde and her "Black, queer, feminist lens",[43] as well as bell hooks : both "helped [her] understand [her] identity".[10] She cites Angela Davis for her "political theories and reflections on anticapitalist movements around the world", her work towards "a broader antiracist and antiwar movement", and her fight against white supremacy in the United States. Frantz Fanon is another inspiration, his "work on colonial violence in Algeria and across the Third World [making] timely connections" for the understanding of the context in which Black people live across the world.[43] She also cites Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin and Mao Zedong, as "provid[ing] a new understanding around what our economies could look like".[10][46] In a 2015 interview that resurfaced in 2020, Cullors stated that she and co-founder Garza were "trained Marxists".[47]

Asked whether she believed in violence as a method of protest, she has said that she believes in "direct action, but nonviolent direct action", and that this was also the belief of the Black Lives Matter movement.[37]

In February 2020, she co-endorsed Senators Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries.[48]

Works

In 2014 Cullors produced the theatrical piece POWER: From the Mouths of the Occupied, which debuted at Highways Performance Space.[49] She has contributed articles about the movement to the LA Progressive,[50] including an article from December 2015 titled "The Future of Black Life"[51] which pushed the idea that activists could no longer wait for the State to take action, and called her followers into action by encouraging them to begin building the world that they want to see.

Books

Cullors' memoir, When They Call You a Terrorist: A Black Lives Matter Memoir[52][53] was published in January 2018. It was co-written with the journalist asha bandele[54] and featured a foreword from Angela Davis. The book has two parts, All the Bones We Could Find, which narrates her adolescence, and Black Lives Matter, which explains how those experiences led up to her to co-establishing the social justice group. The book deals with the imprisonment and disenfranchisement of black men like her father, incarceration "is how our society responded to his drug use...I think we have a crisis of divesting from poor communities, black communities in particular, and reinvesting into these communities with police, jails, courts, prisons".[10] In the 13th chapter A Call, A Response, Cullors outlines the first series of marches she, Garza and Tometi organized in the wake of Zimmerman's acquittal. The chapter concludes: "We are a generation called to action."[10] The Times Literary Supplement regarded the book as a "magnificent accomplishment."[55] It appeared at number 12 on the nonfiction hardcover The New York Times Best Seller list on February 4, 2018.[56]

Her second book was released by St Martin's Press on 25 January 2022, titled An Abolitionist's Handbook: 12 Steps to Change Yourself and the World. Cullors describes it as a guide for activists on how to take care of each other and resolve internal conflicts while campaigning.[34][57]

Television and film

Cullors appeared in the 2016 documentary Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement.

She subsequently produced the YouTube Originals series Resist, which premiered November 18, 2020. The 12-part series followed Cullors and other activists in episodes 6-11-minutes in length. The series aired free on Cullors' YouTube channel, and she described it as well-received, telling IndieWire that "Folks were moved, and also I think surprised at how not boring the series is."[58][59][60][61]

In October 2020, Cullors signed an 'overall deal' with Warner Brothers, a multi-year agreement to develop and produce original programming across all platforms, including broadcast, cable, and streaming, aimed at amplifying Black Lives Matter, black storytelling, and black perspectives.[62] In January 2022, Cullors spoke to the Hollywood Reporter about numerous planned projects, saying that in "all my work now with Warner Brothers... I want to aestheticize abolition."[63] Cullors contract with Warner Bros. has been cancelled, reportedly after she had produced no content in two years.[64]

Personal life

Cullors identifies as queer.[24] In 2016, she married Janaya Khan, a social activist who co-founded Black Lives Matter Toronto.[lower-alpha 2][67][68]

On January 3, 2023, Cullors's cousin Keenan Anderson died after an incident involving Los Angeles Police officers following a traffic accident. One officer put an elbow on Anderson's neck, while another tased him for around thirty seconds, with Anderson at one point saying "They’re trying to George Floyd me". He was taken to a hospital, where he went into cardiac arrest four and a half hours later and died. A preliminary toxicology report found cocaine and cannabis in Anderson's system. A cause of death has not been released.[69][70][71] Cullors called on the LAPD Chief Michel Moore to resign,[72] and his family sued the city for $50 million.[73]

Controversies

In 2021, a controversy arose in some media outlets, following reports that Cullors (or entities associated with her) had purchased several homes during a five-year period.[74] Critics accused her of using the Black Lives Matter movement to enrich herself and accused her of being hypocritical for purchasing the houses as someone who identifies as a "Marxist".[74][75] Cullors denied any wrongdoing and defended her actions as an effort to take care of her family and described the criticism as an "effort to discredit and harass me and my family" by the political right. On April 13, the Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation denied that it had paid for her purchases of real estate and said they had not paid her since 2019, adding that she had only received $120,000 since 2013 for carrying out her work related to the organization.[74][75][76][77]

Her other brother Paul, a graffiti artist and founder of Cullors Protection LLC, received $840,000 from BLMGNF for security and consulting.[78] Cullors defended hiring her brother, saying registered security firms which hired former police officers could not be trusted.

Some BLM activists accused her of "monopolizing and capitalizing our fight." Ten local chapters of the Foundation claimed that Cullors became its executive director “against the will of most chapters and without their knowledge,” that chapter organizers were prevented from influencing the group's direction, and that the national organization provided little to no financial support for local chapters since its inception in 2013. Cullors resigned from leadership of the Foundation in May 2021, and later revealed psychological exhaustion from the controversy, stating that she was receiving treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder.[79]

In 2022, she denied allegations of misusing donations given to the Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation, but admitted to hosting two parties at a mansion the BLM Foundation purchased for $6 million.[80]

Awards

Notes

  1. ↑ In April 2022, a statement by Khan’s spokesperson claimed that they had separated in 2017.[1] However, a February 2022 story by The Guardian reported that they were living together.[2]
  2. ↑ In April 2022, a statement by Khan’s spokesperson claimed that they had separated in 2017.[65] However, a February 2022 story by The Guardian reported that they were living together.[66]

References

  1. ↑ Campbell, Sean (April 4, 2022). "Black Lives Matter Secretly Bought a $6 Million House". nymag.com. Archived from the original on February 3, 2023. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  2. ↑ Malik, Nesrine (February 28, 2022). "'I have a lot of resentment': Patrisse Cullors on co-founding Black Lives Matter, the backlash – and why the police must go". theguardian.com. Archived from the original on February 3, 2023. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  3. ↑ Gyarkye, Lovia (February 15, 2018). "Arrested at 12, She's Now an Activist Fighting for Social Justice". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
  4. 1 2 Walcott, Rianna (April 5, 2018). "How the founder of Black Lives Matter started a global movement". Dazed digital. Archived from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  5. ↑ Rankin, Seija (November 6, 2020). "Patrisse Cullors loves To Kill a Mockingbird and thinks everyone should read Octavia E. Butler". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  6. 1 2 3 "'When They Call You a Terrorist': The Life of Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Patrisse Khan-Cullors". Democracy Now!. January 16, 2018. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  7. ↑ Tam, Ruth (January 20, 2018). "'When They Call You a Terrorist': A Black Lives Matter leader details the life that turned her into an activist". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 9, 2020. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  8. ↑ Cullors, Patrisse (August 18, 2015). "Opinion: #BlackLivesMatter Will Continue to Disrupt the Political Process". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 26, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  9. ↑ Dal Checco, Monia (2018). ""Not Your Grandmamma's Civil Rights Movement": A New Take on Black Activism" (PDF). RSAJournal: Rivista di Studi Americani. Associazione Italiana di Studi Nord-Americani: 55. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 22, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Jenkins, Aric (February 26, 2018). "Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Patrisse Cullors on Her Book". Time. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
  11. 1 2 Cullors, Patrisse (April 13, 2018). "My brother's abuse in jail is a reason I co-founded Black Lives Matter. We need reform in L.A." Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  12. 1 2 3 Dunlia, Reed (June 23, 2020). "Black Lives Matter Co-Founder on Building a Movement Through Art". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on December 24, 2022. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
  13. ↑ Mathews, Joe (August 26, 2018). "How 2 women turned L.A. pain into influence". Ventura County Star. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  14. ↑ Cullors, Patrisse; bandele, asha (January 16, 2018). When They Call You a Terrorist. St. Martin's Publishing Group. p. 15. ISBN 9781250171092. Archived from the original on March 18, 2023. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  15. ↑ Gyarkye, Lovia (February 15, 2018). "'When They Call You a Terrorist': A Black Lives Matter leader details the life that turned her into an activist". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  16. ↑ Cullors, Patrisse-Khan; bandele, asha (January 19, 2018). "When They Call You a Terrorist". In These Times. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  17. ↑ Cullors, Patrisse-Khan; bandele, asha (May 13, 2018). "Twelve Years Old and Out of Time". Yes!. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  18. ↑ Greene, Robert (2015). Newton, Jim (ed.). "Black Lives Matter". UCLA Blueprint. No. 1. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
  19. ↑ Fern Tiger Associates for the Marguerite Casey Foundation (2005). "A case study: Labor / Community Strategy Center" (PDF). racialequitytools.org (pdf). pp. 21–22. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 1, 2020. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  20. ↑ Lucas, Karen (2004). Running On Empty: Transport, Social Exclusion and Environmental Justice. University of Bristol: Policy Press Books. pp. 220–242. ISBN 978-1861345691.
  21. ↑ Cullors, Patrisse; Khan, Jenaya (September 18, 2017). "The Powerful Story Behind Black Lives Matter". i-D. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  22. ↑ Kengor, Paul (January 2, 2021). "The Politics of Patrisse Cullors, Founder of Black Lives Matter". The American Spectator. Archived from the original on June 3, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  23. ↑ "How two Black women in L.A. helped build Black Lives Matter from hashtag to global movement". Los Angeles Times. June 21, 2020. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
  24. 1 2 "Queerness on the front lines of #BlackLivesMatter". MSNBC. February 19, 2015. Archived from the original on January 3, 2016. Retrieved January 4, 2016.
  25. ↑ Farrag, Hebah H. (June 24, 2015). "The Role of Spirit in the #BlackLivesMatter Movement: A Conversation with Activist and Artist Patrisse Cullors". Archived July 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine religiondispatches.org.
  26. ↑ "Public Practice faculty Patrisse Cullors talks about co-creating #BlackLivesMatter". Otis College of Art and Design. Archived from the original on January 19, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  27. ↑ "Master of Arts - Social Justice & Community Organizing | Prescott College Online". Archived from the original on January 17, 2019. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
  28. ↑ "A Short History of Black Lives Matter". therealnews. Archived from the original on July 24, 2015.
  29. ↑ Goldhill, Olivia (November 15, 2016). ""We can feel sad, hurt, demoralized. But we can't give up": A Black Lives Matter founder on Trump's presidency". Quartz. Archived from the original on August 27, 2017. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  30. ↑ Garza, Alicia. "Herstory". Black Lives Matter. Archived from the original on April 10, 2017. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  31. ↑ "Opinion | A decade of Black Lives Matter gives us a new understanding of Black liberation". NBC News. January 2020. Archived from the original on April 25, 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  32. 1 2 Guynn, Jessica (March 4, 2015). "Meet the woman who coined #BlackLivesMatter". USA Today. Archived from the original on February 20, 2018. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
  33. ↑ Segalov, Michael (February 2, 2015). "We Spoke to the Activist Behind #BlackLivesMatter About Racism in Britain and America". Vice. Archived from the original on July 4, 2015. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
  34. 1 2 3 "BLM's Patrisse Cullors to step down from movement foundation". ABC News. May 27, 2021. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  35. ↑ Gebreyes, Rahel (September 10, 2014). "Patrisse Cullors Explains How Social Media Images of Black Death Propel Social Change". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on April 20, 2015. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
  36. ↑ Relman, Eliza (August 25, 2017). "Black Lives Matter founder likens Trump to Hitler: He is 'literally the epitome of evil'". Business Insider. Archived from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  37. 1 2 Simmons, Ann M.; Kaleem, Jaweed (August 25, 2017). "A founder of Black Lives Matter answers a question on many minds: Where did it go?". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  38. ↑ "Patrisse Cullors: Black Lives Matter co-founder resigns". BBC News. May 28, 2021. Archived from the original on May 28, 2021. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
  39. ↑ Sewell, Abby (April 14, 2014). "Activist battles L.A. County jailers' 'culture of violence'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 12, 2015. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  40. ↑ Hing, Julianne, "In L.A., Civilians Will Have Power Over Sheriff's Department" Archived July 21, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, colorlines.com, December 15, 2014.
  41. ↑ "Staff and Board" Archived May 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Ella Baker Center.
  42. ↑ Ramos, Dino-Ray (October 15, 2020). "Warner Bros. TV Group Signs Overall Deal With Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Patrisse Cullors". Deadline. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
  43. 1 2 3 4 Patrisse Cullors (April 10, 2019). "Abolition And Reparations: Histories of Resistance, Transformative Justice, And Accountability". Harvard Law Review. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020. Our task is not only to abolish prisons, policing, and militarization, which are wielded in the name of 'public safety' and 'national security'.
  44. ↑ "Abolitionists still have work to do in America | Patrisse Cullors". The Guardian. July 30, 2017. Archived from the original on July 24, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  45. ↑ Democracy Now! (January 16, 2018). "'When They Call You a Terrorist': The Life of Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Patrisse Khan-Cullors". Democracy Now!. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  46. ↑ Walcott, Rianna (April 5, 2018). "How the founder of Black Lives Matter started a global movement". Dazed. Archived from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
  47. ↑ Kertscher, Tom (June 15, 2020). "Is Black Lives Matter a Marxist movement?". The Poynter Institute: Politifact.
  48. ↑ Walker, James (February 25, 2020). "Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Endorses Sanders and Warren, Says It Is Time for Biden to Stand Down". Newsweek. Archived from the original on February 26, 2020. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
  49. ↑ "PATRISSE CULLORS – Power: From the Mouths of the Occupied". Highways. Highways Performance Space. Archived from the original on January 19, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  50. ↑ "About Patrisse Cullors". LA Progressive. Archived from the original on February 27, 2017. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
  51. ↑ "The Future of Black Life". LA Progressive. December 31, 2015. Archived from the original on February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
  52. ↑ Khan-Cullors, Patrisse; bandele, asha; Davis, Angela Y (2019). When They Call You a Terrorist: A Black Lives Matter Memoir. Canongate. ISBN 978-1-78689-305-5. OCLC 1043188904. Archived from the original on March 18, 2023. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
  53. ↑ Deahl, Rachel (March 31, 2017). "Book Deals: Week of April 3, 2017". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
  54. ↑ Martin, Michel (January 27, 2018). "Labeled A 'Terrorist,' A Black Lives Matter Founder Writes Her Record". All Things Considered. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020.
  55. ↑ Lythcott-Haims, Julie. "Which lives matter, again? - Social & cultural studies". TLS. Archived from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
  56. ↑ "Hardcover Nonfiction Books - Best Sellers - Books - Feb. 4, 2018". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
  57. ↑ Ida Harris (March 20, 2022). "'I GOT QUESTIONS': Patrisse Cullors Shows Us How To Be Abolitionist". MadameNoire. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  58. ↑ Owens, Donna M. "Essence Exclusive With Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Patrisse Cullors". Essence. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
  59. ↑ Mount, Bailey (April 13, 2018). "Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Fights for Prison Reform in New Docu-Series 'Resist'". IndieWire. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
  60. ↑ Oganesyan, Natalie (November 12, 2020). "Netflix Unveils Trailer for Shondaland's 'Dance Dreams: Hot Chocolate Nutcracker' (TV News Roundup)". Retrieved May 30, 2023.
  61. ↑ "YouTube Announces New Content to Amplify Black Voices Including a Patrisse Cullors Documentary and an HBCU Livestream Special". The Root. October 8, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
  62. ↑ "Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Patrisse Cullors Signs Overall Deal With Warner Bros. Television Group". Variety. October 15, 2020. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
  63. ↑ Brown, Evan Nicole (January 22, 2022). "Patrisse Cullors, No Longer a Leader of BLM, Charts a New Course". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
  64. ↑ "Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Patrisse Cullors Signs Overall Deal with Warner Bros. Television Group". October 15, 2020.
  65. ↑ Campbell, Sean (April 4, 2022). "Black Lives Matter Secretly Bought a $6 Million House". nymag.com. Archived from the original on February 3, 2023. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  66. ↑ Malik, Nesrine (February 28, 2022). "'I have a lot of resentment': Patrisse Cullors on co-founding Black Lives Matter, the backlash – and why the police must go". theguardian.com. Archived from the original on February 3, 2023. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  67. ↑ Lewis-Peart, David (March 21, 2016). "Janaya Khan, Black Lives Matter Toronto Co-Founder, On Racism And Self-Care". The Huffington Post (Canada Edition). Archived from the original on March 5, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
  68. ↑ Khandaker, Tamara (April 6, 2016). "This Is What Sets Toronto's Black Lives Matter Movement Apart from America's". Vice News. Archived from the original on March 5, 2018. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  69. ↑ Burke, Minyvonne (January 12, 2023). "Black Lives Matter co-founder's cousin dies after being blasted with a Taser by L.A. police". NBC News. Archived from the original on January 12, 2023. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  70. ↑ Levin, Sam (January 12, 2023). "Teacher and cousin of Black Lives Matter founder 'Tased to death' by LAPD". The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 12, 2023. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  71. ↑ Dazio, Stephanie (January 12, 2023). "Los Angeles chief 'deeply concerned' by 2 police shootings". Associated Press. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  72. ↑ Bella, Timothy (January 12, 2023). "BLM co-founder's cousin dies after police repeatedly use Taser, video shows". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  73. ↑ Santucci, Jeanine. "Family seeks $50 million in case of man who died after Los Angeles police used stun gun". USA TODAY. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
  74. 1 2 3 "Fact check: Missing context in claim about Black Lives Matter co-founder's property purchases". USA Today. Archived from the original on April 21, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2021.
  75. 1 2 "'Tactic of terror': BLM leader hits out at 'right wing' criticism after reports into her purchase of homes worth $3m". The Independent. April 14, 2021. Archived from the original on May 25, 2022. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  76. ↑ "No Evidence BLM Co-Founder Patrisse Cullors Used Donations To Buy House". Snopes. April 14, 2021. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  77. ↑ Spiegelman, Ian (April 16, 2021). "Inside the Uproar Over Patrisse Cullors's Real Estate Holdings". Los Angeles. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  78. ↑ "BLM paid Patrisse Cullors' graffiti artist brother $800K for 'security'". May 18, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
  79. ↑ Donovan X. Ramsey (January 13, 2022). "After quitting BLM, co-founder Patrisse Cullors is healing: 'I really thought I was gonna die'". Archived from the original on December 26, 2022. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
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External videos
video icon After Words interview with Patricia Khan-Cullors on When They Call You a Terrorist: A Black Lives Matter Memoir, February 10, 2018, C-SPAN
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