 Front page of Pemandangan, 12 April 1934 | |
| Type | Daily newspaper |
|---|---|
| Format | Broadsheet |
| Founder(s) | Saeroen |
| Founded | 8 April 1933 |
| Language | Indonesian |
| Ceased publication | 1958 |
| Headquarters | Batavia (or Jakarta) |
Pemandangan was a daily Indonesian language newspaper published in the Dutch East Indies (or later Indonesia) between 1933 and 1958. It was one of the few local newspapers which was initially allowed to operate during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies.
History
The newspaper was first published on 8 April 1933 by journalist Saeroen. In the first few months after the first issue, the sales of the newspaper could not cover expenditures, and the newspaper received financial support from local plantation owner Oene Djoenaidi.[1] Saeroen would write editorials in Pemandangan under the pen name "Kampret" (bat), but these editorials resulted in Pemandangan being censored by the Dutch East Indies government.[2] It also ceased publication for a week between 17 and 24 May 1940, due to censorship.[3]
Pemandangan would continue to publish following the Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies, and was the only newspaper to continue publication during the early occupation period without any shutdowns.[4] During the occupation period, it was the chief competitor of the Japanese-sponsored newspaper Asia Raya.[5] Pemandangan had a stance of being neutral with respect to political parties, though it maintained a nationalist stance.[4] Around that time, the paper had a daily circulation of 7,000.[6] The paper was censored at least twice during the occupation - in both cases due to images of Japanese Emperor Hirohito being obscured by the Japanese flag and both resulting in the arrest of editor-in-chief Soemanang Soerjowinoto.[7]
In the aftermath of the Pacific War and during the Indonesian National Revolution, Djoenaidi enlisted journalist Rosihan Anwar to use Pemandangan's existing printing facilities to publish another newspaper, Pedoman.[8] In 1953, Pemandangan was accused of leaking national secrets – specifically, on new civil servant salaries and foreign investments to 21 firms[9] – in a column, and its editor-in-chief Asa Bafaqih was put on trial. Bafaqih accepted full responsibility, while refusing to reveal the names of informants in accordance with the journalistic code.[10] The investigation was eventually ceased by the Attorney General at that time, Soeprapto.[9]
It ceased publication in 1958.[11]
Notable staff
- Saeroen, founder[1]
- Oene Djoenaidi, owner[1]
- Mohammad Tabrani, editor-in-chief[12]
- Anwar Tjokroaminoto, deputy editor[13]
- Soemanang Soerjowinoto, editor-in-chief, later Economic Minister[14]
- Asa Bafaqih, editor-in-chief[9]
References
- 1 2 3 "R.H.O Djoenaidi: Si Raja Sirih Pejuang Pers". situmang.com (in Indonesian).
- ↑ "Saeroen". filmindonesia.or.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
- ↑ "Dahler dan Jepang Jernihkan Kasus Thamrin-Tabrani". Republika (in Indonesian). 5 October 2019. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
- 1 2 Mark 2018, p. 132.
- ↑ Mark 2018, p. 155.
- ↑ Mark 2018, p. 148.
- ↑ "S dari Ensiklopedi Pers Indonesia (EPI)" (in Indonesian). Indonesian Journalists Association. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
- ↑ "Jatuh-Bangun Koran Kiblik". historia.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 26 November 2019.
- 1 2 3 "Asa Bafaqih, Wartawan dan Diplomat Andal Indonesia". nu.or.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 26 November 2019.
- ↑ Hill, David T. (2010). Journalism and Politics in Indonesia: A Critical Biography of Mochtar Lubis (1922-2004) as Editor and Author. Routledge. pp. 59–60. ISBN 978-1-135-16914-5.
- ↑ "Katalog - Pemandangan" (in Indonesian). National Library of Indonesia. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
- ↑ Hanifah, Syifa (15 August 2019). "Mengenal Mohammad Tabrani, Sosok yang Usulkan Bahasa Indonesia Jadi Pemersatu". Merdeka (in Indonesian). Retrieved 26 November 2019.
- ↑ Oemar, Priyantono (5 October 2019). "Benarkah Tabrani Mengkhianati Thamrin?". Republika (in Indonesian). Retrieved 9 February 2020.
- ↑ "Soemanang Soerjowinoto, Raden Mas". jakarta.go.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 26 November 2019.
Bibliography
- Mark, Ethan (2018). Japan's Occupation of Java in the Second World War: A Transnational History. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-350-02221-8.