Peninsulares
Regions with significant populations
Colonial Spanish America, Spanish East Indies, and Spanish Guinea
Languages
Spanish dialects, Aragonese, Asturian, Basque, Catalan, Galician
Religion
Catholicism

In the context of the Spanish Empire, a peninsular (Spanish pronunciation: [peninsuˈlaɾ], pl. peninsulares) was a Spaniard born in Spain residing in the New World, Spanish East Indies, or Spanish Guinea.[1] Nowadays, the word peninsulares makes reference to Peninsular Spain and in contrast to the "islanders" (isleños), from the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands or the territories of Ceuta and Melilla.

A equivalent to the Spanish peninsulares in the Portuguese Colonial Brazil was the reinóis, Portuguese people born in Portugal, while Portuguese born in Brazil with both parents being reinóis were known as mazombos.

Spaniards born in the Spanish Philippines were called insular/es or originally filipino/s[2][3], before "Filipino" now came to be known as all of the modern citizens of the now sovereign independent Philippines. Spaniards born in the colonies of the New World that today comprises the Hispanic America are called criollos (individuals of full Spanish descent born in the New World).

Higher offices in Spanish America and the Spanish Philippines were held by peninsulares. Apart from the distinction of peninsulares from criollo, the castas system distinguished also mestizos of mixed Spanish and Amerindian ancestry in the Americas, and 'mestizos de español' (mixed Spanish and native Filipino (Spanish Filipino)), or 'tornatras' (mixed Spanish and Sangley Chinese (Chinese Filipino)) in the Philippines / Spanish East Indies, mulatos (of mixed Spanish and black ancestry), indios (Amerindians / Native Filipinos), zambos (mixed Amerindian and black ancestry) and finally negros. In some places and times, such as during the wars of independence, peninsulares or members of conservative parties were called depreciatively godos (meaning Goths, referring to the "Visigoths", who had ruled Spain and were considered the origin of Spanish aristocracy) or, in Mexico, gachupines.[4] Godos is still used pejoratively in the Canary Islands for the peninsular Spanish, and in Chile for Spaniards.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Peninsular". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  2. ↑ Wickberg, E. (March 1964). "The Chinese Mestizo in Philippine History" (PDF). Journal of Southeast Asian History. 5: 63. doi:10.1017/S0217781100002222. hdl:1808/1129 – via KU ScholarWorks.
  3. ↑ Perdon, Renato (December 31, 2013). "The origin of Filipino". Munting Nayon.
  4. ↑ gachupín in the Diccionario de la lengua española
  5. ↑ "godo". Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish) (electrónica 23.3 ed.). Real Academia Española, Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española. 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
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