Phi Delta Delta
ΦΔΔ
FoundedNovember 11, 1911 (1911-11-11)
University of Southern California, Law School
TypeProfessional
AffiliationPFA (former)
EmphasisLaw, Women
ScopeInternational
Colors  Old rose and   Violet
FlowerRose and Violet
JewelPearl
PublicationThe Phi Delta Delta
Chapters68
Members5,000 lifetime
Merged withPhi Alpha Delta (1972)

Phi Delta Delta (ΦΔΔ) was a women's professional law fraternity founded in November 1911 at the University of Southern California.[1] It merged with Phi Alpha Delta in 1972.[2][3]

History

Phi Delta Delta Legal Sorority was founded at the Law School of the University of Southern California on November 11, 1911.[4][5] Its founders were Georgia Bullock, Gladys Morre Brown, Sarah Patten Doherty, Annette Fillius Hunley, and Vere Radir-Norton.[4][5] Its purpose was "to promote a higher standard of professional ethics and culture among women in law schools and the legal profession."[5] Phi Delta Delta Legal Fraternity was incorporated as a nonprofit corporation in California on October 25, 1912.[6]

The fraternity went national with the opening of its Beta chapter at the Washington College of Law and Gamma chapter at the Chicago-Kent College of Law in April 1913.[4] This was followed by the Delta chapter at the University of Oregon Law School in 1914. Phi Delta Delta held its first national convention in Los Angeles on August 20–22, 1917 with delegates from Alpha, Delta, and Epsilon chapters.[6][7]

The fraternity's publication was The Phi Delta Delta.[8] It was established at the fraternity's first convention in 1917 as an annual publication.[7] Initially, it was called Oak Leaves and was edited by a member of the Zeta chapter.[7] At the fraternity's second convention, the publication's frequency was changed to semiannual, along with the name change to The Phi Delta Delta.[7] Its frequency became quarterly after the fraternity's third convention in 1924.[7]

Phi Delta Delta became an international fraternity in 1926 with the establishment of the Omega chapter at the Vancouver School of Law in Vancouver, Canada in January 1926.[4] It also added chapters in Cuba, England, and South America.[9][10] By March 1926, it was the largest legal sorority in the United States.[9] The fraternity eventually expanded to include 5,000 members and 68 chapters in the United States and Canada.[4][2][11]

Phi Delta Delta created an endowment fund that provided loans to students in their last year of law school.[12] In addition, it provided scholarship keys at graduation for scholastic excellence in law school.[12]

Each year at the American Bar Association conference, Phi Delta Delta sponsored a breakfast for deans of law schools, judges, prominent members of the association, and fraternity members.[12] The fraternity also had a speakers bureau on its research interests, including coordinating council movement, juvenile delinquency, legislation impacting women, the probation and parole system, restatement of the law, and taxation.[12]

Merger

Phi Delta Delta badge

In 1970, the all-male legal fraternity Phi Alpha Delta amended its constitution to accept female members.[2] In 1971, Phi Delta Delta began negotiating a merger with Phi Alpha Delta.[11] Both fraternities held conventions in San Diego on August 9–12, 1972.[11] Phi Delta Delta and Phi Alpha Delta reached a merger agreement on August 12, 1972.[2][11] At this time, all members of Phi Delta Delta became members of Phi Alpha Delta.[2] Its chapters were renamed when they merged into Phi Alpha Delta.[13]

Archival records of Phi Alpha Delta are stored in the special collections of the Charles E. Young Research Library at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Washburn University School of Law.[5][14]

Symbols

The colors of Phi Delta Delta were old rose and violet.[1] Its official flowers were the rose and the violet.[1] Its jewel was the pearl.[1]

The fraternity's badge was a flat-topped kite of black enamel, with an anagram of the Greek letters Φ, Δ and Δ, grouped so that the two Deltas appeared as the twin pans of a balance scale.[4][1]

Chapters

Collegiate chapters

Following is a list of Phi Delta Delta collegiate chapters.[4][15][16] Status is as of the time of the merger in 1972. All chapters are now inactive, most having merged into Phi Alpha Delta.

Chapter Chartered/Range Institution Location Status References
Alpha November 11, 1911 University of Southern California Los Angeles, California Active
Beta April 17, 1913 Washington College of Law Washington, D.C. Active
Gamma April 1913 – 19xx ? Chicago-Kent College of Law Chicago, Illinois Inactive [lower-alpha 1]
Delta February 1, 1914 – 19xx ?; February 22, 1930 University of Oregon School of Law Eugene, Oregon Active [lower-alpha 2]
Epsilon February 10, 1917 University of Washington School of Law Seattle, Washington Active [17]
Zeta February 15, 1918 George Washington University Law School Washington, D.C. Active
Eta January 24, 1920 New England School of Law Boston, Massachusetts Active
Theta December 13, 1920 University of Kansas School of Law Lawrence, Kansas Active
Iota May 19, 1921 Vanderbilt University Law School Nashville, Tennessee. Active
Kappa May 21, 1921 Washburn University School of Law Topeka, Kansas Active [18]
Lambda May 23, 1921 University of Pittsburgh School of Law Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Active
Mu January 21, 1922 University of Missouri School of Law Columbia, Missouri Active
Nu May 7, 1922 Brooklyn Law School Brooklyn, New York City, New York Active
Xi May 20, 1922 Northwestern College of Law Portland, Oregon Active
Omicron May 18, 1923 Dickinson School of Law Carlisle, Pennsylvania Active
Pi May 19, 1923 Case Western Reserve University School of Law Cleveland, Ohio Active
Rho May 27, 1923 Stetson University College of Law Gulfport, Florida Active
Sigma September 22, 1923 University at Buffalo Law School Amherst, New York Active
Tau May 3, 1924 Temple University Law School Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Active
Upsilon May 29, 1924 Willamette University College of Law Salem, Oregon Active
Phi May 28, 1924 University of Colorado Law School Boulder, Colorado Active
Chi September 30, 1924 Duquesne University School of Law Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Active
Psi May 3, 1925 Kansas City School of Law Kansas City, Missouri Active
Omega January 30, 1926 – 1945 Vancouver Law School Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Inactive [19][lower-alpha 3]
Alpha Alpha February 28, 1926 Fordham University School of Law Manhattan, New York City, New York Active [9]
Alpha Beta March 19, 1927 University of Cincinnati College of Law Cincinnati, Ohio Active
Alpha Gamma May 1, 1927 New York University School of Law Manhattan, New York City, New York Active
Alpha Delta March 19, 1927 University of Maryland School of Law Baltmore, Maryland Active [20]
Alpha Epsilon October 23, 1927 – October 3, 1959 Minnesota College of Law Saint Paul, Minnesota Merged [lower-alpha 4]
Alpha Zeta October 26, 1927 Loyola University New Orleans College of Law New Orleans, Louisiana Active
Alpha Eta October 29, 1927 University of South Dakota School of Law Vermillion, South Dakota Active [10]
Alpha Theta February 18, 1928 Loyola Law School Los Angeles, California Active
Alpha Iota May 12, 1928 University of Louisville School of Law Louisville, Kentucky Active
Alpha Kappa May 12, 1928 University of Detroit Law School Downtown Detroit, Michigan Active
Alpha Lambda July 1, 1928 – December 12, 1955 National University School of Law Washington, D.C. Merged [lower-alpha 5]
Alpha Mu May 4, 1929 Columbia Law School New York City, New York Active
Alpha Nu October 5, 1929 Cleveland Law School Cleveland, Ohio Active
Alpha Xi October 12, 1929 Indiana Law School Indianapolis, Indiana Active
Alpha Omicron June 8, 1929 Tulsa Law School Tulsa, Oklahoma Active
Alpha Pi December 7, 1929 University of Utah College of Law Salt Lake City, Utah Active
Alpha Rho November 11, 1929 St. John's University School of Law Jamaica, New York City, New York Active
Alpha Sigma May 10, 1930 University of Michigan Law School Ann Arbor, Michigan Active
Alpha Tau August 27, 1930 Yale Law School New Haven, Connecticut Active
Alpha Upsilon November 9, 1930 Saint Louis University School of Law St. Louis, Missouri Active
Alpha Phi March 8, 1931 University of Miami School of Law Coral Gables, Florida. Active
Alpha Chi October 24, 1931 University of Memphis Law School Memphis, Tennessee Active
Alpha Psi July 24, 1931 – October 3, 1959 St. Paul College of Law Saint Paul, Minnesota Merged [lower-alpha 6]
Alpha Omega March 19, 1932 Louisiana State University School of Law Baton Rouge, Louisiana Active [21][lower-alpha 7]
Beta Alpha October 9, 1932 Southwestern University School of Law Mid-Wilshire, Los Angeles, California Active
Beta Beta April 12, 1933 University of California at Berkeley School of Law Berkeley, California Active
Beta Gamma July 11, 1936 University of Mississippi School of Law Oxford, Mississippi Active
Beta Delta May 15, 1937 Stanford Law School Stanford, California Active
Beta Epsilon October 15, 1946 Columbus School of Law Washington, D.C. Active [22]
Beta Zeta October 24, 1947 University of Florida School of Law Gainesville, Florida Active
Beta Eta December 3, 1949 University of Georgia School of Law Athens, Georgia Active
Beta Theta April 15, 1950 UCLA School of Law Los Angeles, California Active
Beta Iota April 10, 1954 University of Richmond School of Law Richmond, Virginia Active
Beta Kappa October 30, 1954 Salmon P. Chase College of Law Highland Heights, Kentucky Active
Beta Lambda October 8, 1955 Georgetown University School of Law Washington, D.C. Active
Beta Mu April 11, 1958 University of Alabama School of Law Tuscaloosa, Alabama Active
Alpha Epsilon Psi October 3, 1959 William Mitchell College of Law Saint Paul, Minnesota Active [23][lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 9]
Beta Nu February 28, 1964 California Western School of Law San Diego, California Active
Beta Xi April 24, 1965 University of Akron School of Law Akron, Ohio Active
Beta Omicron October 15, 1965 University of San Diego School of Law San Diego, California Active
Beta Pi December 9, 1966 Cumberland School of Law Homewood, Alabama Active
Beta Rho May 18, 1968 University of Tennessee College of Law Knoxville, Tennessee Active
Beta Sigma May 1, 1968 New York Law School Tribeca, New York City, New York Active
Beta Tau June 1, 1968 Florida State University College of Law Tallahassee, Florida Active
Beta Upsilon May 1969 University of South Dakota School of Law Vermillion, South Dakota Active
  1. ↑ Gamma chapter's charter was revoked because of dissension in the group.
  2. ↑ Delta chapter went inactive for a period due to a lack of female law students.
  3. ↑ Omega chapter closed when the Vancouver Law School merged with the University of British Columbia.
  4. ↑ Alpha Epsilon chapter merged into Alpha Epsilon Psi chapter when its institution merged.
  5. ↑ The Alpha Lambda chapter ceased to exist when the National University School of Law merged with George Washington University School of Law; members were invited to affiliate with the Zeta chapter there.
  6. ↑ Alpha Psi chapter merger into Alpha Epsilon Psi chapter when its institution merged.
  7. ↑ Five female students at LSU formed the co-ed law club, Queen's Counselors, in the fall of 1930. This group was absorbed by Phi Delta Delta in March 1932.
  8. ↑ Alpha Epsilon Psi chapter. was formed from the merger of Alpha Epsilon and Alpha Psi after their institutions merged.
  9. ↑ When the sorority merged with Phi Alpha Tau, the Minnesota members voted to create their organization, the Minnesota Women Lawyers, instead of merging.

Alumnae chapters

Following is a list of Phi Delta Delta alumnae chapters.[16][24] Status is as of the time of the merger in 1972. All chapters are now inactive, due to the merger with Phi Alpha Delta.

Chapter Chartered/Range Location Status References
Los Angeles Alumnae chapter March 3, 1922 Los Angeles, California Active
Kansis City Alumnae chapter March 22, 1924 – 194x ? Kansas City, Kansas Inactive [lower-alpha 1]
Washington Alumnae chapter January 9, 1925 Washington, D.C. Active
San Francisco Alumnae chapter November 17, 1925 San Francisco, California Active
Buffalo Alumnae chapter September 2, 1927 – 19xx ? Buffalo, New York Inactive
Boston Alumnae chapter November 11, 1927 – 194x ? Boston, Massachusetts Inactive [lower-alpha 1]
New York City Alumnae chapter November 12, 1927 New York City, New York Active
Cincinnati Alumnae chapter May 12, 1932 – 194x ? Cincinnati, Ohio Inactive [lower-alpha 1]
Cleveland Alumnae chapter March 25, 1934 – 194x ? Cleveland, Ohio Inactive [lower-alpha 1]
Santa Barbara-Ventura Alumnae chapter May 5, 1957 Santa Barbara and Ventura, California Active
  1. 1 2 3 4 Chapter surrendered its charter and affiliated with its local collegiate chapter to keep the fraternity active at the law school during World War II when few women were studying law.

Notable members

Name Chapter Notability References
Edith Atkinson Rho judge [25][26][27]
Othilia Carroll Beals Epsilon lawyer and judge [28]
Georgia Bullock Alpha first female Superior Court judge in California [29][30][31]
Litta Belle Hibbon Campbell Alpha attorney, professor, and the first female deputy district attorney in the United States [32][31]
H. Alberta Colclaser Pi aviation lawyer and foreign service officer [33]
Lucile Atcherson Curtis first woman appointed as a United States Diplomatic Officer [34]
Harriet Daggett Alpha Tau attorney and professor [35]
Mercedes Deiz Xi judge [36]
Oda Faulconer Alpha lawyer, judge, and the president of the Bank of Italy [31]
Zula Inez Ferguson Iota advertising manager at Blackstone's [37]
Betty Binns Fletcher Epsilon United States circuit judge [28]
Marion Janet Harron Beta Beta lawyer and United States Tax Court judge [38]
Sybil Holmes Eta politician and the first woman elected to the Massachusetts Senate [39]
Lucy Somerville Howorth Beta Gamma lawyer, politician, and the first woman to serve in the Mississippi Legislature [38]
Shirley Hufsteler Beta Delta, Los Angeles Alumnae chapter attorney, judge, and United States Secretary of Education [40][41]
Reba Hurn Epsilon lawyer and Washington state legislator [28][42]
May Darlington Lahey Alpha lawyer, judge, first Australian woman to serve as a judge [43][29]
Manche Irene Langley Xi lawyer and professor at Pacific University [44]
Mary Florence Lathrop lawyer [26]
Mildred Lillie Beta Beta justice, Court of Appeals of the State of California [40]
Annabel Matthews Gamma judge of the United States Board of Tax Appeals [45][34][46]
Margaret M. McChesney Eta lawyer [47]
Mary O'Toole Beta U.S. District Court judge, first woman municipal judge of the United States [48][26][46]
Ruth Bryan Owen U.S. House of Representatives. U.S. Envoy to Denmark, pioneering filmmaker [46]
Emma Fall Schofield judge [26]
Orfa Jean Shontz Alpha lawyer and judge [49][30][31]
Sara Soffel Lambda lawyer and judge [50]
Mary Jane Spurlin Xi judge [36]
F. Josephine Stevenson Alpha lawyer
Martha Ware Eta district court judge [39]
Ida V. Wells Alpha lawyer [31]
Reah Whitehead Epsilon lawyer and justice of the peace [28]
Mabel Walker Willebrandt Alpha U.S. Assistant Attorney General [31][26][34][46]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Martin, Ida Shaw. The Sorority Handbook (6 ed.). Menasha, Wisconsin: George Banta Publishing Company, Collegiate Press. p. 89. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "1970s: A Fraternity of Firsts." Phi Delta Delta History History, accessed 4 December 2021.
  3. ↑ Laura Duncan, “Happy Birthday, PADs”, Chicago Daily Law Bulletin, November 13, 1992. Law Bulletin Publishing Company (Chicago, 1992)
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Anson, Jack L.; Marchenasi, Robert F., eds. (1991) [1879]. Baird's Manual of American Fraternities (20th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Baird's Manual Foundation, Inc. p. VIII-43. ISBN 978-0963715906.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Finding Aid for the Phi Delta Delta Legal Fraternity (International) Records, 1924-1967". Oneline Archive of California. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  6. 1 2 "Milestones". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 70. November 1973.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 "Phi Delta Delta Magazine". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 77-78. November 1973.
  8. ↑ U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare - Office of Education (1960). Education Directory 1960-1961: Part 1 Federal Government and States. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 51 – via Google Books.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. 1 2 3 "Phi Delta Delta". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. 1926-03-07. p. 15. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspaper.com.
  10. 1 2 "Phi Delta Delta to Install Chapter". Argus-Leader. 1927-11-04. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. 1 2 3 4 "From the Editor" (PDF). The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 1. November 1973.
  12. 1 2 3 4 "Miss Herndon is to Attend Coast Meeting: Biennial Conventionl of Phi Delta Delta". Tulsa World. 1940-07-21. p. 28. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ↑ PAD chapter locator, accessed 17 Jul 2022.
  14. ↑ "Phi Delta Delta - Kappa Chapter Meeting Minutes 1923-1971". Washburn Law Digital Collections. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  15. ↑ "The Chapters of Phi Delta Delta". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 17-49. November 1973.
  16. 1 2 "Role of the Phi Delta Delta Chapters". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 96-97. November 1973.
  17. ↑ "New Law College Sorority Chapter". Los Angeles Herald. 7 March 1917. p. 7. Retrieved March 14, 2023 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  18. ↑ Washburn - Phi Delta Delta History
  19. ↑ "UBC's Law School Opens | History Project". Peter A. Allard School of Law. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  20. ↑ The Bar Association of Baltimore City Centennial Edition - History of the Women's Bar Association of Maryland
  21. ↑ Hargrave, W. Lee (2004-09-01). LSU Law: The Louisiana State University Law School from 1906 to 1977. LSU Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-8071-2914-2 – via Google Books.
  22. ↑ "Phi Delta Delta to Install Unit". Evening Star. 1946-10-14. p. 22. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ↑ Harmon, Shannon (August 2, 2019). ""Minnesota Women's Lawyers: A History". Raising the Bar: America Celebrates 150 Years of Women Lawyers 1869-2019". issuu. Faircount Media Group. p. 45. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  24. ↑ "Alumnae Chapters". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 50-51. November 1973.
  25. ↑ "Edith M. Atkinson". Colusa Herald. 21 October 1926. p. 3. Retrieved March 14, 2023 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 "Noted Women Are Coming to Buffalo for Convention". The Buffalo News. 1927-08-31. p. 19. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  27. ↑ "Women Attorneys Called too Modest; Should Appear More Often in Court, Justice Finch Tells Phi Delta Delta Convention" (PDF). The New York Times. November 12, 1933. pp. N3. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  28. 1 2 3 4 "Epsilon". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 19-20. November 1973.
  29. 1 2 "Alpha". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 17. November 1973.
  30. 1 2 "Sorority to Honor Women Lawyers at Banquet". Los Angeles Herald. 19 February 1913. p. 4. Retrieved March 14, 2023 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Society: Sorority Banquet". The Los Angeles Times. 1916-03-26. p. 38. Retrieved 2023-03-14 – via Newspapers.com.
  32. ↑ "Campbell, Litta Belle Hibbon". Women's Legal History. Stanford University Law. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  33. ↑ Shine, Mary (1947-01-05). "U.S. Aviation Office's Legal Adviser Makes Plane Piloting Her Hobby". Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph. p. 35. Retrieved 2023-03-14 – via Newspapers.com.
  34. 1 2 3 "Chic Modern Portias Know Style as Well as Stututes: Phi Delta Delta Legal Sorority". Times Union. 1930-08-24. p. 111. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspapers.com.
  35. ↑ "Alpha Tau". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 38. November 1973.
  36. 1 2 "Xi". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 25. November 1973.
  37. ↑ Binheim, Max; Elvin, Charles A. (1928). Women of the West; a series of biographical sketches of living eminent women in the eleven western states of the United States of America. University of Connecticut Libraries. Los Angeles, Calif., Publishers Press. p. 41 – via Internet Archive.
  38. 1 2 "Phi Delta Delta Will Give Party for Rushees Sunday". Evening Star. 1940-01-31. p. 26. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspapers.com.
  39. 1 2 "Eta". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 22. November 1973.
  40. 1 2 "The Members of Phi Delta Delta". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 17. November 1973.
  41. ↑ "Prominent P.A.D. Members". Phi Alpha Delta.
  42. ↑ Binheim, Max; Elvin, Charles A. (1928). Women of the West; a series of biographical sketches of living eminent women in the eleven western states of the United States of America. University of Connecticut Libraries. Los Angeles, Calif., Publishers Press. p. 195 – via Internet Archive.
  43. ↑ Lahey, May D. "History's Path of Women Jurist". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 64. November 1973.
  44. ↑ Allen, Trudy (Fall 1997). "Pioneers: Manche Irene Langley" (PDF). Advance Sheet. 8 (4): 3 – via Oregon Women Lawyers.
  45. ↑ "Collection: Papers of Annabel Matthews, 1880-1960 (inclusive), 1901-1960 (bulk) | HOLLIS for". hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  46. 1 2 3 4 "Founder Day Banquet to Draw Many: Phi Delta Delta Legal Sorority". Evening Star. 1935-11-10. p. 46. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspapers.com.
  47. ↑ "Portia Law graduates to go to P.D.D. Meeting". The Boston Globe. 1930-08-23. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspapers.com.
  48. ↑ "Fraternity's President is Guest: Phi Delta Delta's Beta Chapter Entertains". Evening Star. 1940-03-03. p. 55. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspapers.com.
  49. ↑ "L.A. Woman Elected Head of Fraternity". Los Angeles Herald. 22 August 1917. p. 10. Retrieved March 14, 2023 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  50. ↑ "Women Lawyers Will Meet Here". Harrisburg Telegraph. 1933-11-01. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspapers.com.
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