The Piano Sonata in B-flat major, Hob. XVI/18, L. 20, was written in 1767[1] by Joseph Haydn.

History

Haydn's keyboard composition style changed in 1766.[2] He had just been appointed full Kapellmeister in the service of the Esterházy family, after the death of Gregor Werner, the previous Kapellmeister. He had new responsibilities overseeing church music and the production of opera. While he was still writing keyboard sonatas for the court, he decided to keep a group of sonatas aside for himself, including Hob. XVI/18, along with XVI/20, XVI/45 and XVI/46, perhaps because they were experimental.[3] The style in these sonatas signify Haydn's move away from the galant style, and towards more expressive themes.[3]

Structure

The work has two movements:

The piece is scored for harpsichord, and has a charged emotionality and imposing manner, a departure from his previous works.[2] The first movement is in 2/4 time and is 117 measures long.[1] The movement features much ornamentation. It is in sonata form, and is described as harmonically inventive.[4] The rhythm in this movement is constantly shifting between thirty-second and sixteenth notes, making the performance aspect challenging.[4] The second movement is in 3/4 time and is 110 measures long.[1] It has a minuet-like character and features double thirds, broken thirds, scales, ornaments, contrapuntal textures, and voicing.[4]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Hoboken, Anthony van (1957–1978). Joseph Haydn : thematisch-bibliographisches Werkverzeichnis (in German). Mainz: B. Schott's Söhne. pp. 747–748. ISBN 3-7957-0003-5. OCLC 259067.
  2. 1 2 Fillion, Michelle (2005). "Intimate expression for a widening public: the keyboard sonatas and trios". In Clark, Caryl (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Haydn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 126–137. doi:10.1017/CCOL9780521833479.010. ISBN 978-0-521-54107-7.
  3. 1 2 Morin, Alexander (1997). "Haydn: Piano Sonatas XIV:5, XVI:3, 18-20, 44-46; Capriccio; Variations / XVI:20, 50, 52; Variations / Piano Concertos (3)". American Record Guide. Washington. 60 (2): 152–153. ProQuest 223419070.
  4. 1 2 3 Maxwell, Carolyn, ed. (1983). "Sonatas". Haydn, Solo Piano Literature: A Comprehensive Guide, Annotated and Evaluated with Thematics. Maxwell Music Evaluation. pp. 37–38. ISBN 978-0-912531-00-7.
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