Pinnacle Mountain
Pinnacle Mountain, south aspect
Highest point
Elevation8,400 ft (2,600 m)[1]
Prominence1,720 ft (520 m)[1]
Parent peakEmerald Peak 8,404 ft[2]
Isolation2.23 mi (3.59 km)[2]
Coordinates48°07′55″N 120°40′14″W / 48.132071°N 120.67048°W / 48.132071; -120.67048[1]
Geography
Pinnacle Mountain is located in Washington (state)
Pinnacle Mountain
Pinnacle Mountain
Location in Washington
Pinnacle Mountain is located in the United States
Pinnacle Mountain
Pinnacle Mountain
Location in the United States
LocationChelan County
Washington, U.S.
Parent rangeChelan Mountains
North Cascades
Cascade Range
Topo mapUSGS Pinnacle Mountain
Geology
Type of rockhornblende quartz diorite, granodiorite
Climbing
First ascent1948 Dwight Watson, Ken Fleming[3][4]
Easiest routeclass 3 scrambling[2]
South slopes[3]

Pinnacle Mountain is an 8,400+ ft (2,560+ m) granitic multi-peak massif located in the Chelan Mountains, in Chelan County of Washington state.[5] The mountain is situated in Glacier Peak Wilderness of the North Cascades, on land managed by Wenatchee National Forest. Fred Beckey's Cascade Alpine Guide has the elevation of the highest pinnacle as 8,402 feet.[4] Pinnacle Mountain ranks as the fourth-highest peak in the Chelan Mountains, and 75th-highest summit in Washington state.[1] Its nearest higher neighbor is Saska Peak, 1.9 mi (3.1 km) to the southeast, and Emerald Peak is positioned 2.25 mi (3.62 km) to the east-southeast.[1] Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into the Entiat River and Chelan River drainage basins.

Climate

Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift). As a result, the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall.[4] During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.[4]

Geology

West aspect, from Mt. Maude

Pinnacle Mountain is composed primarily of granodiorite and hornblende quartz diorite, minerals of the Cardinal Peak pluton.[4] The North Cascades feature some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, spires, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences. The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch.[6] With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted.[6] Glacier Peak, a stratovolcano that is 21.8 mi (35.1 km) west of Saska Peak, began forming in the mid-Pleistocene.[4] In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.[6] During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.[6] The U-shaped cross section of the river valleys is a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

See also

References

Pinnacle's southeast aspect from Saska Peak
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Pinnacle Mountain, Washington". Peakbagger.com.
  2. 1 2 3 "Pinnacle Mountain - 8,420' WA". listsofjohn.com. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
  3. 1 2 "Pinnacle Mountain Washington". Bivouac.com. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Beckey, Fred W. Cascade Alpine Guide, Climbing and High Routes. Seattle, WA: Mountaineers Books, 2008.
  5. ↑ "Pinnacle Mountain". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Kruckeberg, Arthur (1991). The Natural History of Puget Sound Country. University of Washington Press.
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