| Piperales Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Piper aduncum | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Magnoliids |
| Order: | Piperales Bercht. & J.Presl[2] |
| Families | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
| |
Piperales is an order of flowering plants (4,170 recognized species). It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but other taxa have been included or disincluded variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order include black pepper, kava, the many Peperomias, pepper elder, lizard's tail, birthwort, and wild ginger.[4]
Classification
APG system
In the APG IV system, of 2016, this order is placed in the clade magnoliids and is circumscribed as follows:[5]
- order Piperales
- family Aristolochiaceae (including Asaraceae, Hydnoraceae and Lactoridaceae)
- family Piperaceae
- family Saururaceae
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| The current composition and phylogeny of the Piperales.[5][3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This is an expansion from the APG system, of 1998, which used the same placement (in the magnoliids) but used this circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Aristolochiaceae
- family Lactoridaceae
- family Piperaceae
- family Saururaceae
Earlier systems
The Cronquist system, of 1981, placed the order in the subclass Magnoliidae of class Magnoliopsida [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Chloranthaceae
- family Piperaceae
- family Saururaceae
The Engler system, in its update of 1964, placed the order in subclassis Archichlamydeae in class Dicotyledoneae [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Chloranthaceae
- family Lactoridaceae
- family Piperaceae
- family Saururaceae
The Wettstein system, latest version published in 1935, assigned the order to the Monochlamydeae in subclass Choripetalae of class Dicotyledones. It used the circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Piperaceae
References
- ↑ "Piperales". www.mobot.org. Retrieved 2023-06-18.
- ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
- 1 2 Stevens, P.F. "Piperales". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.
- ↑ "Introduction to the Piperales". ucmp.berkeley.edu. UC Berkeley. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
- 1 2 Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
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