Poles in Uzbekistan
Sacred Heart Cathedral, Tashkent, also known as the Polish Church
Total population
5,000[1] (2007, est.)

Poles in Uzbekistan form a small population, although historically the second most numerous Polish diaspora of Central Asia (after the Poles in Kazakhstan). Polish presence in Uzbekistan dates back to the 19th century.

History

Historical population
YearPop.±%
19263,411—    
19393,652+7.1%
19592,941−19.5%
19703,482+18.4%
19793,654+4.9%
19893,007−17.7%
Sources:[2][3][4][5][6][7]

In the late 18th century, Poland lost its independence in the course of the Partitions of Poland, and its territory was annexed by Prussia (later Germany), Russia and Austria, while Uzbek khanates were conquered by Russia in the 19th century. Russian-controlled Uzbek territory was one of the places to which Poles were either deported as political prisoners from the Russian Partition of Poland or were sent after being conscripted to the Russian Army.[8] According to the 1897 census, the overwhelming majority of Poles in Uzbek lands lived in the cities, with the largest populations in Tashkent (2,206), Samarkand (1,072), Fergana (727), Toʻrtkoʻl (299), Kokand (215), Kattakurgan (211), Andijan (194) and Namangan (191).[9][10][11] The Poles built the Sacred Heart Cathedral in Tashkent, also known as the Polish Church, now a cultural heritage site of the Uzbek capital.

Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in 1939, the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was one of the destinations for the deportations of Poles from Soviet-occupied eastern Poland.[12] In early 1942, the Polish Anders' Army along with thousands of civilians was relocated to the Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs, and Gʻuzor became the organizational center of the army.[13] The Poles suffered from epidemics and famine, so they opened temporary feeding centers, orphanages, clinics and small hospitals, yet 2,500 soldiers and many more civilians still died.[14][15][16] A remnant of this period are Polish military cemeteries located in 15 cities in Uzbekistan, including Chiroqchi, Gʻuzor, Jizzakh, Karmana, Kenimekh, Kitob, Margilan, Olmazor, Qarshi, Shahrisabz, Tashkent, Yakkabogʻ, Yangiyoʻl.[16] Since mid-1942, the Soviets thwarted Polish efforts to improve the situation, and carried out arrests of the staff of the Polish diplomatic posts, first Władysław Bugajski in Tashkent in May 1942, and then the staff of the post in Samarkand in July 1942, and then seized and closed the post.[15] In 1942, the Anders' Army with many civilians was evacuated to Iran. As of 1943, there were still over 25,000 Polish citizens in Uzbekistan, according to Soviet data.[17] After the war, over 32,000 Poles were repatriated from the Uzbek SSR to Poland in 1946–1948.[18]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Polonia w liczbach". Wspólnota Polska (in Polish). Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  2. ↑ "Узбекская ССР (1926)". Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  3. ↑ "Узбекская ССР (1939)". Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  4. ↑ "Узбекская ССР (1959)". Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  5. ↑ "Узбекская ССР (1970)". Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  6. ↑ "Узбекская ССР (1979)". Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  7. ↑ "Узбекская ССР (1989)". Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  8. ↑ "Polish Cultural Centre". Świetlica Polska. 20 January 2018. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  9. ↑ Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г. (in Russian). Vol. LXXXIII. 1905. p. 48.
  10. ↑ Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г. (in Russian). Vol. LXXXVI. 1905. p. 56.
  11. ↑ Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г. (in Russian). Vol. LXXXIX. 1904. p. 60.
  12. ↑ Ocaleni z "nieludzkiej ziemi" (in Polish). Łódź: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. 2012. p. 28. ISBN 978-83-63695-00-2.
  13. ↑ Ocaleni z "nieludzkiej ziemi". p. 102.
  14. ↑ Ocaleni z "nieludzkiej ziemi". p. 48.
  15. 1 2 Wróbel, Janusz (2003). Uchodźcy polscy ze Związku Sowieckiego 1942–1950 (in Polish). Łódź: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. p. 28. ISBN 978-83-7629-522-0.
  16. 1 2 Ziółkowska, Ewa (2002). "Polskie groby w Uzbekistanie i Kazachstanie. W 60. rocznicę polskiego wychodźstwa z ZSRR". Wspólnota Polska (in Polish). No. 3–4 (116–117). pp. 64–65. ISSN 1429-8457.
  17. ↑ Masiarz, Władysław (1997). "Przesiedlenie i repatriacja Polaków z Azji Środkowej w 1946 r.". Zesłaniec (in Polish). No. 2. Warszawa. p. 109.
  18. ↑ Masiarz, p. 113
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