Polina Raiko
Born
Pelaheia Andriivna Raiko

(1928-05-05)5 May 1928
Oleshky, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
Died15 January 2004(2004-01-15) (aged 75)
StyleNaïve art
Children2

Pelaheia Andriivna Raiko (nee Soldatova; Ukrainian: Пелагея Андріївна Райко; 5 May 1928 - 15 January 2004), also spelled Rayko, was a Ukrainian naïve painter who started painting her property at the age of 69. Her home was a national cultural monument of Ukraine, until June 2023, when it was reportedly destroyed by flooding after the destruction of the Kakhovka Dam during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Biography

Raiko was born 5 May 1928 in Oleshky.[1] She had three sisters.[2] She was deported to Germany during the Second World War,[3] but later returned to Ukraine before marrying Nikolay Alekseyevich Raiko in 1950 at the age of 22.[4] They survived by growing their own fruits and vegetables and doing seasonal work on a kolkhoz.[5] They had a daughter, Elena in 1951. Their son, Sergey was born in 1953. The family built a house on 74 Nyzhnia Street, Oleshky near the Chaika and Konka rivers in 1954.[4][1]

Her husband and son abused alcohol.[5] Her son was imprisoned for three years after he nearly destroyed the family home and sold stolen items including the electrical wiring. After his release, he stabbed his mother with a knife. In 1994, Elena died in a car accident. Raiko's husband died in 1995. In 1997, Sergey was sent to a refuge colony.[4] He died in 2002 from cirrhosis.[6]

In the autumn of 1998, she began painting her home as a method to process her family hardships. She used her ₴74 monthly pension to buy paint and brushes. She eventually painted the entire property. Her home became a local tourist attraction. In 2003, the Kherson Centre Totem creative group planned to publish an album of Raiko's works. She died on 15 January 2004.[4]

Her grandson sold her house for US$5,000 to Andrius Nemickas, a Canadian living in Kyiv with his Ukrainian wife.[5] Her house was protected by a federal cultural heritage law.[7] It was considered a national cultural monument of Ukraine.[5]

Inspired by Raiko's paintings during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, pro-Ukrainian activists in Russian-occupied Kherson used a dove as a symbol of cultural resistance.[8]

Her house was destroyed in June 2023, by flooding following the destruction of the Kakhovka Dam.[9][10]

References

  1. 1 2 Rudenko, Eugene; Sarakhman, Eldar (30 October 2020). "Поліна Райко та її наївне мистецтво – таємниці розмальованої хати в Олешках". Українська правда (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  2. ↑ "Мальований світ Поліни Райко" [Painted world of Polina Raiko] (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 16 July 2017.
  3. ↑ "Ukrainian artist depicted his fate on the walls of the house". The MiceTimes of Asia. 29 June 2018. Archived from the original on 12 March 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Rayko Polina". artkavun.kherson.ua. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Danilevskaya, Julia (30 April 2020). "Рай у чотирьох стінах: будинок Поліни Райко заслуговує стати музеєм". vgoru.org (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  6. ↑ ""How to find a way to paradise"- House of Polina Rayko". Asiaville (in Tamil). 15 January 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  7. ↑ "Райко Пелагея Андріївна. Віртуальний проект "Краєзнавство Таврії". ХОУНБ ім. О. Гончара". krai.lib.kherson.ua. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  8. ↑ "Kherson diary: 'The poultry all had to be slaughtered. Now the city smells of chicken soup'". the Guardian. 12 March 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  9. ↑ "Devastating dam collapse in Ukraine has apparently flooded house museum of late artist Polina Rayko". The Art Newspaper. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  10. ↑ "Artist's home, a Ukrainian national monument, 'destroyed' in dam floods". Artreview. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
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