1991 Polish parliamentary election
Poland
27 October 1991 (1991-10-27)
Turnout43.20%
Sejm

All 460 seats in the Sejm
231 seats needed for a majority
PartyLeader % Seats
UD Tadeusz Mazowiecki 12.32 62
SLD Aleksander Kwaśniewski 11.99 60
WAK Wiesław Chrzanowski 8.74 49
POC Jarosław Kaczyński 8.71 44
PSL Waldemar Pawlak 8.67 48
KPN Leszek Moczulski 7.50 46
KLD Donald Tusk 7.49 37
PSL-PL Józef Ślisz 5.47 28
KO "S" Marian Krzaklewski 5.05 27
PPPP Janusz Rewiński 3.27 16
ChD N/A 2.36 5
UPR Janusz Korwin-Mikke 2.26 3
SP R. Bugaj & K. Modzelewski 2.06 4
SD Aleksander Mackiewicz 1.42 1
KWMN Henryk Kroll 1.18 7
PChD Krzysztof Pawłowski 1.12 4
X Stanisław Tymiński 0.47 3
RDS Zbigniew Bujak 0.46 1
LPW "Piast" 0.37 1
RAŚ Paweł Musioł 0.36 2
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Senate

All 100 seats in the Senate
51 seats needed for a majority
Party % Seats
UD 16.42 21
SLD 10.61 4
KO "S" 9.68 11
POC 9.04 9
WAK 8.71 9
PSL 7.38 7
KLD 6.53 6
KPN 4.67 4
PSL-PL 3.14 5
PChD 2.22 3
Independents 16.18 21
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Sejm results by electoral district
Prime Minister before New Prime Minister
Jan Krzysztof Bielecki
KLD
Jan Olszewski
Centre Agreement

Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 27 October 1991 to elect deputies to both houses of the National Assembly.[1] The 1991 election was notable on several counts. It was the first parliamentary election to be held since the formation of the Third Republic, the first entirely free and competitive legislative election since the fall of communism, the first completely free legislative election of any sort since 1928. Due to the collapse of the Solidarity political wing, the Solidarity Citizens' Committee, the 1991 election saw deep political fragmentation, with a multitude of new parties and alliances emerging in its wake.[2] Low voting thresholds within individual constituencies, along with a five percent national threshold allocated to a small portion of the Sejm, additionally contributed to party fragmentation.[3] As a result, 29 political parties gained entry into the Sejm and 22 in the Senate, with no party holding a decisive majority. Two months of intense coalition negotiations followed, with Jan Olszewski of the Centre Agreement forming a minority government along with the Christian National Union, remnants of the broader Centre Civic Alliance, and the Peasants' Agreement, with conditional support from Polish People's Party, Solidarity list and other minor parties.[4]

460 members of parliament (poseł) were elected; 391 from 6980 candidates from 37 regional lists of candidates and 69 from country-wide lists of candidates. In the Sejm elections, 27,517,280 citizens were eligible to vote, 11,887,949 (43.2%) of them cast their votes and 11,218,602 (94.4%) of the votes were counted as valid. In the Senate elections, 43.2% of citizens cast their votes, 96.5% were valid.

Elections were supervised by the National Electoral Commission (Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza). 37 regional (okręgowe) commissions were formed, and 22,341 district (obwodowe), staffed by 197,389 citizens.

A remarkable 111 parties competed and 29 parties (listed below) won parliamentary seats. The success of the satirical Polish Beer-Lovers' Party with 16 seats gained news coverage worldwide.

Results

Sejm

PartyVotes%Seats
Democratic Union1,382,05112.3262
Democratic Left Alliance1,344,82011.9960
Catholic Election Action980,3048.7449
Centre Civic Alliance977,3448.7144
Polish People's Party972,9528.6748
Confederation of Independent Poland841,7387.5046
Liberal Democratic Congress839,9787.4937
Peasants' Agreement613,6265.4728
Solidarity566,5535.0527
Polish Beer-Lovers' Party367,1063.2716
Christian Democracy265,1792.365
Real Politics Union253,0242.263
Labour Solidarity230,9752.064
Democratic Party159,0171.421
German Minority Electoral Committee132,0591.187
Party of Christian Democrats125,3141.124
Party X52,7350.473
Democratic-Social Movement51,6560.461
Ludowe Porozumienie Wyborcze "Piast"42,0310.371
Silesian Autonomy Movement40,0610.362
Solidarni z Prezydentem27,5860.251
Związek Podhalan26,7440.241
Polski Związek Zachodni26,0530.234
Wielkopolsce i Polsce23,1880.211
Jedności Ludowej18,9020.171
Prawosławnych13,7880.121
Solidarność 8012,7690.111
Unia Wielkopolan9,0190.081
Sojusz Kobiet1,9220.021
Local lists and independents820,1087.310
Total11,218,602100.00460
Valid votes11,218,60294.37
Invalid/blank votes669,3475.63
Total votes11,887,949100.00
Registered voters/turnout27,517,28043.20
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

By constituency

No. Constituency Total
seats
Seats won
UD SLD WAK PSL KPN POC KLD PL KO "S" PPPP KWMN Others
1 Warsaw I 17 3 2 1 1 3 3 1 3
2 Warsaw II 8 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
3 Płock 10 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
4 Łódź 12 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
5 Piotrków Trybunalski 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6 Konin 9 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
7 Radom 8 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
8 Kielce 11 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
9 Częstochowa 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
10 Opole 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
11 Wroclaw 12 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
12 Wałbrzych 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
13 Jelenia Góra 11 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
14 Zielona Góra 11 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
15 Kalisz 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
16 Toruń 11 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
17 Bydgoszcz 11 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
18 Poznań 14 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
19 Gorzów Wielkopolski 10 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
20 Szczecin 10 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
21 Koszalin 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
22 Gdańsk 15 2 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1
23 Olsztyn 13 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
24 Ostrołęka 12 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1
25 Białystok 12 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2
26 Siedlce 10 1 1 1 2 1 1 3
27 Zamość 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
28 Lublin 10 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
29 Rzeszów 13 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2
30 Przemyśl 9 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
31 Tarnów 7 1 1 1 1 1 2
32 Nowy Sącz 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
33 Kraków 13 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 3
34 Bielsko-Biała 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
35 Sosnowiec 10 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1
36 Katowice 17 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 4
37 Gliwice 13 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
National list 69 11 10 7 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 1
Total 460 62 60 49 48 46 44 37 28 27 16 7 36
Source: National Electoral Commission

Senate

PartyVotes%Seats
Democratic Union3,764,15616.4221
Democratic Left Alliance2,431,17810.614
Solidarity2,219,1609.6811
Centre Civic Alliance2,071,0459.049
Catholic Election Action1,995,8668.719
Polish People's Party1,691,5667.387
Liberal Democratic Congress1,497,7186.536
Confederation of Independent Poland1,071,3644.674
Peasants' Agreement719,7783.145
Party of Christian Democrats507,7222.223
Democratic Party453,7211.980
Party X417,8571.820
Real Politics Union371,8911.620
Local lists and independents3,708,34416.1821
Total22,921,366100.00100
Valid votes11,474,84696.53
Invalid/blank votes413,0193.47
Total votes11,887,865100.00
Registered voters/turnout27,517,28043.20
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

By voivodeship

Voivodeship Total seats Seats won
UD KO "S" POC WAK PSL KLD PL SLD KPN PChD Others
Biała Podlaska 2 1 1
Białystok 2 1 1
Bielsko 2 1 1
Bydgoszcz 2 1 1
Chełm 2 1 1
Ciechanów 2 1 1
Częstochowa 2 1 1
Elbląg 2 1 1
Gdańsk 2 1 1
Gorzów 2 1 1
Jelenia Góra 2 1 1
Kalisz 2 2
Katowice 3 1 1 1
Kielce 2 1 1
Konin 2 1 1
Koszalin 2 1 1
Kraków 2 1 1
Krosno 2 1 1
Legnica 2 1 1
Leszno 2 1 1
Lublin 2 1 1
Łomża 2 2
Łódź 2 1 1
Nowy Sącz 2 1 1
Olsztyn 2 1 1
Opole 2 1 1
Ostrołęka 2 1 1
Piła 2 2
Piotrków 2 1 1
Płock 2 1 1
Poznań 2 1 1
Przemyśl 2 1 1
Radom 2 1 1
Rzeszów 2 1 1
Siedlce 2 2
Sieradz 2 1 1
Skierniewice 2 1 1
Słupsk 2 1 1
Suwałki 2 1 1
Szczecin 2 1 1
Tarnobrzeg 2 1 1
Tarnów 2 1 1
Toruń 2 1 1
Wałbrzych 2 2
Warsaw 3 2 1
Włocławek 2 2
Wrocław 2 1 1
Zamość 2 1 1
Zielona Góra 2 1 1
Total 100 21 11 9 9 8 6 7 4 4 3 18
Source: National Electoral Commission

References

  1. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1491 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  2. Millard, Francis (September 1994). "The Shaping of the Polish Party System, 1989-93". East European Politics & Societies. 8 (3): 467–494. doi:10.1177/0888325494008003005.
  3. Lundberg, Thomas. "Political Transition in Hungary and Poland". Voting and Democracy Report: 1995. Center for Voting and Democracy. Retrieved 12 August 2012.
  4. Jasiewicz, Krzysztof (1 January 1992). "From Solidarity to Fragmentation" (PDF). Journal of Democracy. 3 (2): 55–69. doi:10.1353/jod.1992.0024. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 August 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2012.
  • Obwieszczenie Państwowej Komisji Wyborczej z dn. 31 X 1991 r., Monitor Polski. Nr 41, poz. 288
  • Obwieszczenie PKW z dn. 30 X 1991 r., M.P. Nr 41, poz. 287
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