Port Sunlight
An example of Port Sunlight village architecture
Port Sunlight is located in Merseyside
Port Sunlight
Port Sunlight
Location within Merseyside
Population1,450 (2001 Census)[1]
OS grid referenceSJ338847
• London176 mi (283 km)[2] SE
Metropolitan borough
Metropolitan county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townWIRRAL
Postcode districtCH62
Dialling code0151
ISO 3166 codeGB-WRL
PoliceMerseyside
FireMerseyside
AmbulanceNorth West
UK Parliament

Port Sunlight is a model village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside, England. It is located between Lower Bebington and New Ferry, on the Wirral Peninsula. Port Sunlight was built by Lever Brothers to accommodate workers in its soap factory (now part of Unilever); work commenced in 1888. The name is derived from Lever Brothers' most popular brand of cleaning agent, Sunlight.

Port Sunlight contains 900 Grade II listed buildings, and was declared a conservation area in 1978.[3] Port Sunlight has been informally suggested for World Heritage Site (WHS) status[4] to protect it from development and to preserve the unique character for future generations; however, it is not yet on the current UK "tentative list" for future consideration as a WHS.[5] In the 2001 Census, its population was 1,450.[1]

History

In 1887, Lever Brothers began looking for a new site on which to expand its soap-making business, which was at that time based in Warrington. The company bought 56 acres (23 ha) of flat unused marshy land in Cheshire, south of the River Mersey. It was large enough to allow space for expansion, and had a prime location between the river and a railway line. The site became Port Sunlight, where William Lever built his works and a model village to house his employees. William Lever (who was created a baronet in December 1911, and was raised to the Peerage of the United Kingdom as the 1st Baron Leverhulme in June 1917, and was further advanced to being the 1st Viscount Leverhulme in December 1922) personally supervised planning the village, and employed nearly thirty different architects. Between 1899 and 1914, 800 houses were built to house a population of 3,500. The garden village had allotments and public buildings including the Lady Lever Art Gallery, a cottage hospital, schools, a concert hall, open air swimming pool, church, and a temperance hotel. Lever introduced welfare schemes, and provided for the education and entertainment of his workforce, encouraging recreation and organisations which promoted art, literature, science or music.

The aims of Lord Leverhulme, as he became, were "to socialise and Christianise business relations and get back to that close family brotherhood that existed in the good old days of hand labour." He claimed that Port Sunlight was an exercise in profit sharing, but rather than share profits directly, he invested them in the village. He said, "It would not do you much good if you send it down your throats in the form of bottles of whisky, bags of sweets, or fat geese at Christmas. On the other hand, if you leave the money with me, I shall use it to provide for you everything that makes life pleasant – nice houses, comfortable homes, and healthy recreation."[6]

The historical significance of Port Sunlight lies in its combination of model industrial housing, providing materially decent conditions for working people, with the architectural and landscape values of the garden suburb, influenced by the ideas of William Morris and the Arts and Crafts Movement. Each block of houses was designed by a different architect. The backs of any of the houses cannot be seen, and each house is unique. In terms of architectural features, there is half-timbering, carved woodwork and masonry, pargetting (ornamental plaster work) moulded and twisted chimneys and leaded glazed patterns. Some houses were built in Flemish style, with bricks imported from Belgium.

Geography

Port Sunlight is on the eastern side of the Wirral Peninsula, at the western side of the River Mersey. The area is approximately 10.5 km (6.5 mi) south-south-east of the Irish Sea at New Brighton and about 8 km (5 mi) east-north-east of the Dee Estuary at Gayton. The area is between 10 and 23 m (33 and 75 ft) above sea level.[7]

Community

Lady Lever Art Gallery

One of the great buildings in Port Sunlight is the Lady Lever Art Gallery. A keen art collector, Lever travelled all over the world and liked to show the villagers the art he collected. Opened in 1922 by Princess Beatrice, the art gallery shows Lever's collection and modern-day artwork. The collection includes a range of furniture, paintings, sculptures and ceramics.

Other notable buildings include the Lyceum, the Gladstone Theatre (which hosts local amateur dramatic productions), Hesketh Hall (which housed the local branch of the Royal British Legion until 2013, when it was converted into 13 flats)[8] and the "Bridge Inn" public house.

The village contains Christ Church, a United Reformed Church, and opposite is a small primary school. Church Drive Primary School is open to people living outside the village and residents. There is a war memorial by Goscombe John in the village centre in memory of soldiers that died in World War I. Port Sunlight has a water feature. The open air swimming pool is now a garden centre and cafe.

Hulme Hall was built as a women's dining hall, but is now in use as a local community centre and hosts events.

The Cottage Hospital, opened in 1907, was closed for many years but refurbished and reopened in 2008 as the Leverhulme Hotel.

Until the 1980s, all residents were employees of Unilever and their families. During this decade the houses were first sold privately. The former village school is now a working men's club.

The Port Sunlight River Park, on the banks of the River Mersey between Cammell Laird Shipyard and Bromborough Dock,[9] opened to the public in 2014.[10] The park is opposite Otterspool promenade and offers a view of Liverpool's waterfront, including the Anglican Cathedral and the Royal Albert Dock. It is an open, natural space that has been created on the former landfill site at Bromborough Dock.[11] The site has been taken over by The Land Trust, 'a charity that is committed to the long term, sustainable management of open space for community benefit'.[12] Walkways allow the public to appreciate the wildflowers and other wildlife; there is also a wetland area.[10]

Transport

The area is served by both Bebington and Port Sunlight railway stations, on the Wirral Line of the Merseyrail network. There are regular train services to Chester, Ellesmere Port and to Liverpool via Birkenhead.

Cultural references

Port Sunlight was widely celebrated. In 1912, it became the subject of a hit West End musical comedy, The Sunshine Girl, at the Gaiety Theatre, London. It starred Phyllis Dare, one of the most popular pin-ups of the Edwardian era, and was written by Paul Alfred Rubens. The show introduced the tango dance to British audiences. In 1919, Lever Brothers made a 40-minute-long sponsored film, Port Sunlight, to promote the town and factory.

The Sunlight Cottages in Glasgow are rare surviving relics from the series of Great Exhibitions held in Kelvingrove Park in 1888, 1901 and 1911. These rambling, asymmetrical cottages were constructed in 1901 as replicas of two of the Port Sunlight houses. Designed in an idealised Elizabethan half-timbered style by Exhibition architect James Miller, the houses are picturesquely sited high above the Kelvin. Donated to the city of Glasgow by Lord Leverhulme after the close of the Exhibition, the cottages have been used as park workers' housing ever since.[13][14]

Port Sunlight was also used as a filming location for the British television series Peaky Blinders numerous times.[15]

Notable people

Hulme Hall was the venue for drummer Ringo Starr's official debut as a member of The Beatles on 18 August 1962.[16][17] It is also the site of the band's first ever broadcast interview. The interview was with local disc jockey Monty Lister and recorded for Radio Clatterbridge on 27 October 1962.[18]

Fiona Bruce, host (2008 to present) of the long-running British television show Antiques Roadshow, grew up in Port Sunlight. In her introduction to an episode of the programme (Series 35 Episode 2)[19] set in the village, she stood in front of her childhood home and explained that her father was a managing director of a division of Unilever.

Others

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Wirral 2001 Census: Port Sunlight, Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, retrieved 23 December 2007
  2. ↑ "Coordinate Distance Calculator". boulter.com. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  3. ↑ Port Sunlight Conservation Area, Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, retrieved 23 December 2007
  4. ↑ Hansard 8 March 2005, parliament.uk, retrieved 8 February 2008
  5. ↑ Current UK World Heritage Site "tentative list", ICOMOS UK, retrieved 2 January 2024
  6. ↑ William Hesketh Lever: Port Sunlight and Port Fishlight, Development Trust Association, archived from the original on 9 December 2007, retrieved 17 November 2007
  7. ↑ "SRTM & Ordnance Survey Elevation Data in PHP". Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  8. ↑ "Green light for homes at historic Hesketh Hall". Wirral Globe. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
  9. ↑ "Port Sunlight River Park – How To Find Us". portsunlightriverpark.com. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  10. 1 2 "Port Sunlight River Park – The Land Trust". The Land Trust. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  11. ↑ "Port Sunlight River Park – Facilities". portsunlightriverpark.com. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  12. ↑ "Who we are – The Land Trust". The Land Trust. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  13. ↑ The Scotland Guide: Glasgow: Sunlight Cottages. Retrieved 13 October 2014
  14. ↑ RCAHMS Site Record, Sunlight Cottages
  15. ↑ Rigby, Emma (29 April 2014). "Port Sunlight transported back in time for Peaky Blinders filming". Wirral Globe. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  16. ↑ Ayoub, Chuck, The Beatles Timeline 1962, archived from the original on 28 January 2008, retrieved 28 January 2008
  17. ↑ A Beatle Tour to Wirral, Magical Beatle Tours, archived from the original on 17 January 2008, retrieved 28 January 2008
  18. ↑ Beatles, Radio Clatterbridge, archived from the original on 11 May 2008, retrieved 2 April 2008
  19. ↑ Antiques Roadshow, retrieved 5 August 2015
  20. ↑ "Wirral-born pop icon Pete Burns dies after cardiac arrest, aged 57".

Sources

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Port Sunlight.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Port Sunlight.
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