Portal:1990s

The 1990s Portal

The 1990s (pronounced "nineteen-nineties"; shortened to "the '90s") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on 1 January 1990, and ended on 31 December 1999.

Culturally, the 1990s are characterized by the rise of multiculturalism and alternative media, which continues into the present day. Movements such as hip hop, the rave scene and grunge spread around the world to young people during that decade, aided by then-new technology such as cable television and the World Wide Web.

In the absence of world communism, which collapsed in the first two years of the decade, the 1990s was politically defined by a movement towards the right-wing, including increase in support for far-right parties in Europe^[1] as well as the advent of the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party^[2] and cuts in social spending in the United States,^[3] Canada,^[4] New Zealand,^[5] and the UK.^[6] The United States also saw a massive revival in the use of the death penalty in the 1990s, which reversed in the early 21st century.^[7] During the 1990s the character of the European Union and Euro were formed and codified in treaties.

A combination of factors, including the continued mass mobilization of capital markets through neo-liberalism, the thawing of the decades-long Cold War, the beginning of the widespread proliferation of new media such as the Internet from the middle of the decade onwards, increasing skepticism towards government, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union led to a realignment and reconsolidation of economic and political power across the world and within countries. The dot-com bubble of 1997–2000 brought wealth to some entrepreneurs before its crash between 2000 and 2001.

The 1990s saw extreme advances in technology, with the World Wide Web, the first gene therapy trial, and the first designer babies^[8] all emerging in 1990 and being improved and built upon throughout the decade.

New ethnic conflicts emerged in Africa, the Balkans, and the Caucasus, the former two which led to the Rwandan and Bosnian genocides, respectively. Signs of any resolution of tensions between Israel and the Arab world remained elusive despite the progress of the Oslo Accords, though The Troubles in Northern Ireland came to a standstill in 1998 with the Good Friday Agreement after 30 years of violence.^[9]

Selected article -

Boyz II Men performing in 2011

Boyz II Men (pronounced boys to men) is an American vocal harmony group from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, best known for emotional ballads and a cappella harmonies. They are currently a trio composed of baritone Nathan Morris alongside tenors Wanyá Morris and Shawn Stockman. During the 1990s, Boyz II Men were a quartet, including bass singer Michael McCary, who left the group in 2003 due to health issues that were eventually diagnosed as multiple sclerosis.

The group gained international success in 1991, beginning with the release of top 5 singles "Motownphilly" and "It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday." Their number one single "End of the Road" was released in 1992, and topped music charts across the globe. "End of the Road" set a new record for longevity, holding the number one spot on Billboard Hot 100 for thirteen weeks. Boyz II Men broke this record with the subsequent releases of "I'll Make Love to You" and "One Sweet Day" (with Mariah Carey), which, at fourteen and sixteen weeks, respectively, each set new records for the total number of weeks at number one. "I'll Make Love to You" topped the charts in Australia for four weeks and garnered international success. When "On Bended Knee" took the number one spot away from "I'll Make Love to You", Boyz II Men became only the third artists ever (after the Beatles and Presley) to replace themselves at the top of the Billboard Hot 100. These achievements were enough to earn Boyz II Men recognition as Billboard magazine's biggest boy band during the period of 1987 to 2012. Boyz II Men has received four Grammy Awards. (Full article...)

List of selected articles

Did you know (auto-generated) -

... that the singer Luci van Org followed up her mainstream success from the 1990s by starting a "Latin–disco–pop–country crossover" band?
... that Bulkboeken ('bulk books') were cheap reprints of Dutch literary classics, published from 1971 to the late 1990s, and again from 2007?
... that despite plans to restore the Sam H. Harris Theatre in the 1990s, it became an entrance to a wax museum?
... that surgeon Margaret Louden developed a treatment for people crushed by rubble during the The Blitz, but her contribution was forgotten until the 1990s?
... that a willow maze in Sussex, England, planted in the shape of a quotation from the Bible in the 1990s, only came to wider notice when it was spotted on Google Earth in 2013?
... that Univel was an early-1990s attempt to compete with Microsoft on the desktop, but one industry consultant said of the company's goal, "they're dreaming"?

Selected picture

1996 Summer Olympics

Torch relay for the 1996 Olympic Games

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1990s record charts

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Selected biography -

Twain in 2020

Eilleen Regina "Shania" Twain OC (/aɪˈliːn ... ʃəˈnaɪə/ eye-LEEN ... shə-NY-ə; née Edwards; born August 28, 1965) is a Canadian singer-songwriter. She has sold over 100 million records, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time and the best-selling female artist in country music history. Her success garnered her several titles, including the "Queen of Country Pop". Billboard named her as the leader of the '90s country-pop crossover stars.

Raised in Timmins, Ontario, Twain pursued singing and songwriting from a young age before signing with Mercury Nashville Records in the early 1990s. Her self-titled debut studio album was a commercial failure upon release in 1993. After collaborating with producer and later husband Robert John "Mutt" Lange, she rose to fame with her second studio album, The Woman in Me (1995), which brought her widespread success. It sold over 20 million copies worldwide, spawned eight singles, including "Any Man of Mine" and earned her a Grammy Award. Twain's third studio album, Come On Over (1997), is recognized by Guinness World Records as the biggest-selling studio album by a female solo artist. It also became the best-selling country album, best-selling album by a Canadian, and one of the world's best-selling albums of all time, selling over 40 million copies worldwide. Come On Over produced twelve singles, including "You're Still the One", "From This Moment On", "That Don't Impress Me Much" and "Man! I Feel Like a Woman!" and earned her four Grammy Awards. Her fourth studio album, Up! (2002), spawned eight singles, including "I'm Gonna Getcha Good!", "Ka-Ching!" and "Forever and for Always", selling over 20 million copies worldwide, also being certified Diamond in the United States. (Full article...)

List of selected biographies

General images -

The following are images from various 1990s-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Nintendo 64 (1996) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 2A Dassault Falcon 50 similar to the one shot down in the assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira (from 1990s)
Image 3Slip dresses first became widely worn in the mid-1990s, as part of the underwear-as-outerwear trend. (Jane Leeves, 1995) (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 4Blink-182 performing in 1995, whose 1999 album Enema of The State became a pivotal moment for contemporary pop punk (from 1990s)
Image 53DO Interactive Multiplayer (1993) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 6Garth Brooks (from 1990s in music)
Image 7Grunge clothing, popular from 1991 to 1996. (Kurt Cobain, 1992) (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 8The crash site of El Al Flight 1862 in 1992. (from 1990s)
Image 9Swedish teenager with mullet haircut and abstract jumper, 1991. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 10Two women wearing bandanas, 1999. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 11Crowd of rave-goers, 1995. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 12The 1999 İzmit earthquake, which occurred in northwestern Turkey, killed 17,217 and injured 43,959. (from 1990s)
Image 13Woman with Rachel haircut, late 1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 14US First Lady Hillary Clinton wearing straw hat, 1995 (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 15Bob cuts were favored by women. (Saffron, 1996) (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 16Chokers, popular in the mid and late-1990s (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 17Britney Spears became one of the most successful pop singers of the 1990s. (from 1990s in music)
Image 18Dixie Chicks (from 1990s in music)
Image 19The German electronic rock duo Das Ich, 1993. Their aspect shows the influence of the goth look which returned in the 1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 20Red and cream Indian woman's saree, late 1990s (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 21Garage punk band, 1997 (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 22Slap bracelet worn by young girls in the early-1990s (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 23Actress Liv Tyler sporting a pixie cut, 1998 (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 24Swedish hip-hop fans watch Public Enemy perform in 1991. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 25Game.com (1997) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 26D'Angelo is considered a key pioneer of the neo-soul movement. (from 1990s in music)
Image 27African-American teenager with Hitop fade, popular in the early 1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 28Microsoft SideWinder Force Feedback Pro (1997) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 29Nirvana brought both grunge and alternative rock to the mainstream in late 1991. (from 1990s in music)
Image 30Long maxi skirt in a Liberty floral print. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 31Women's rights demonstration in Paris, November 1995 (from 1990s)
Image 32Thrustmaster T2 (1996) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 33Woman wearing cropped top and bell-bottomed pants, 1997. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 34Neo Geo (1990) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 35Model wearing a midriff shirt, a silver necklace, low ponytail and straight-leg leggings, 1999. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 36The federal building that was bombed in the Oklahoma City bombing two days after the bombing, viewed from across the adjacent parking lot. (from 1990s)
Image 37Blue wide-leg jeans. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 38Galaxian3: Project Dragoon (1990) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 39Maná in concert. (from 1990s in music)
Image 40Pavement (from 1990s in music)
Image 41Metal Slug (arcade, 1996) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 42Mobile phones gained massive popularity worldwide during the decade. (from 1990s)
Image 43Korn performing live at the Metaltown Festival in June 2011 (from 1990s in music)
Image 44Young woman standing on sidewalk, Uptown New Orleans, 1992. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 45Atari Jaguar (1993) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 46Nelson Mandela voting in 1994, after thirty years of imprisonment. (from 1990s)
Image 47Game Boy Pocket (1996) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 48Billie Joe Armstrong of Green Day (from 1990s in music)
Image 49Black Barbour bucket hat. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 50Sasha using Ableton Live at a nightclub. (from 1990s in music)
Image 51Tim McGraw (from 1990s in music)
Image 52La Oreja de Van Gogh (The Ear of Van Gogh) a Basque pop band from Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain. (from 1990s in music)
Image 53The Dow Jones Index of the 1990s (from 1990s)
Image 54Dancers at America's Snoqualmie Moondance Festival in 1992 (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 55Baseball jackets were popular among hip-hop fans in the mid-1990s (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 56Group of young children displaying various fashion trends, Amman, 1998 (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 57Butterfly and floral clips, worn in the mid and late 1990s. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 58Lauryn Hill was one of the most successful hip hop female artists of the 1990s. (from 1990s in music)
Image 59Flag map of the world from 1992 (from 1990s)
Image 60An early portable CD player, a Sony Discman model D121. (from 1990s)
Image 61Young man in 1995, sporting a short undercut hairstyle. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 62Thalía rose to fame as a member of the musical group Timbiriche. (from 1990s in music)
Image 63Acid washed jean shorts with grunge and hippie inspired DIY slogans and pictures. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 64Electronic musician and DJ James Lavelle dressed in club attire, 1997. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 65The compact disc reached its peak in popularity in the 1990s, and not once did another audio format surpass the CD in music sales from 1991 throughout the remainder of the decade. By 1999, the CD accounted for 87.9% of the entire market share in regard to music sales. (from 1990s)
Image 66Lois McMaster Bujold with pixie cut and denim western shirt, 1996 (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 67Nude and darker shades of lipstick seemed popular throughout the decade. (Fran Drescher, 1996) (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 68Women's side gusset shoes popular during the mid and late 1990s among preppy and hip-hop subculture. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 69Eurostar logo 1994–2011 (from 1990s)
Image 70Typical late 1990s fashions, 1997. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 71Dreamcast (1998) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 72Trio in 1995 wearing neutral-colored tops and relaxed-fit, slim-leg pants and jeans. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 73Dolly the sheep is the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell. (from 1990s)
Image 74Virtual Boy (1995) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 75Example of 1990s men's and women's fashion, 1994 (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 76A pair of Eurostar trains at the former Waterloo International since moved to St Pancras International (from 1990s)
Image 77Rwandan genocide: Genocide victims in Murambi Technical School. Estimates put the death toll of the Rwandan genocide as high as 800,000 people. (from 1990s)
Image 78Hubble Space Telescope. (from 1990s)
Image 79Game Boy Color (1998) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 80Dutch high school prom, 1994 (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 81Woman dressed in black maxi skirt, top and hat, 1995. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 82Friends, which premiered on NBC in 1994 became one of the most popular sitcoms of all time. From left, clockwise: Lisa Kudrow, Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Matthew Perry, Matt LeBlanc, and David Schwimmer, the six main actors of Friends. (from 1990s)
Image 83Pagers became widely popular. (from 1990s)
Image 84US, Canadian, and Mexican dignitaries initialing the draft North American Free Trade Agreement in October 1992 (from 1990s)
Image 85A typical early 1990s personal computer. (from 1990s)
Image 86Dance Dance Revolution (1998) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 87Robbie Williams, 2009 (from 1990s in music)
Image 88The Dutch Eurodance act 2 Unlimited was one of the most successful electronic music acts of the 1990s. (from 1990s in music)
Image 89Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, United States President Bill Clinton, and Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Chairman Yasser Arafat during the signing of the Oslo Accords on 13 September 1993. (from 1990s)
Image 90PlayStation (1994) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 91Jonathan Brandis in a Grunge-style flannel shirt and curtained hair in 1993 (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 92Game Gear (1990) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 93Street Fighter II (arcade, 1991) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 94Red Hot Chili Peppers (from 1990s in music)
Image 95Nine Inch Nails (from 1990s in music)
Image 96Miniature model from MS Estonia (from 1990s)
Image 97Go-go boots became fashionable again in 1995. They were worn by women of the hip-hop, alternative, and dance subcultures. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 98Church members exhibiting assorted fashion trends, Amman, 1998 (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 99Gloria Estefan (from 1990s in music)
Image 100Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in 1990 in Seattle, Washington. (from 1990s in music)
Image 101Whitney Houston was certified as the best-selling female R&B artist of the 20th century by the Recording Industry Association of America. (from 1990s in music)
Image 102Big Bad Voodoo Daddy (from 1990s in music)
Image 103Luis Miguel, first Latin idol of the decade (from 1990s in music)
Image 104Yitzhak Rabin (from 1990s)
Image 105Oasis were the biggest band of the 1990s Britpop scene and the only band to make a significant impact in the US market. (from 1990s in music)
Image 106Sega Saturn (1994) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 107Razer Boomslang (first gaming mouse, 1999) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 108Dannii Minogue (from 1990s in music)
Image 109Double breasted power suit with large shoulder pads worn in the European workplace, 1998 (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 110Bush and Gorbachev at the 1990 Helsinki summit. (from 1990s)
Image 111Alanis Morissette (from 1990s in music)
Image 112Actress Paula Abdul wearing semi-transparent black dress, curled hair and smoky eye makeup, 1990. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 113Moby, 2009 (from 1990s in music)
Image 114Bomber jacket with orange lining, popular from the mid-late 1990s (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 115Seinfeld, which premiered on NBC in 1989, became a commercial success and cultural phenomenon by 1993. (from 1990s)
Image 116A pair of British Knights (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 117The highest-grossing film of the decade was James Cameron's Titanic (1997), which remains one of the highest-grossing films of all time. (from 1990s)
Image 118The Smashing Pumpkins (from 1990s in music)
Image 119Boris Yeltsin and Bill Clinton share a laugh in October 1995. (from 1990s)
Image 120Polo shirt with popped collar. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 121Super Famicom/Super Nintendo Entertainment System (1990) (from 1990s in video games)
Image 122The English electronic dance music group the Prodigy was one of the most successful electronic music groups of the 1990s. (from 1990s in music)
Image 123The logo created by The President's Council on the Year 2000 Conversion, for use on Y2K.gov (from 1990s)
Image 124Block-heeled shoes, popular from 1995 until 2001. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 125In 1994, Lisa Loeb became the first artist to score a No. 1 hit with "Stay (I Missed You)" before signing to any record label. (from 1990s in music)
Image 126The catsuit became a trend in the late 1990s. Normally made of latex, PVC, or spandex, it was often worn with high-heeled boots. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 127Mariah Carey was declared the Artist of the Decade of the 1990s by Billboard. (from 1990s in music)
Image 128Converse All Stars, popular in the early 1990s (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 129Example of late 1990s gothic fashion. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 130The American vocal group Backstreet Boys became one of the most commercially successful boy bands of the 1990s. (from 1990s in music)
Image 131Cargo pants. (from 1990s in fashion)
Image 132Group of high school students, 1997 (from 1990s in fashion)

1990s films -

These are Good articles, which meet a core set of high editorial standards.

Image 1
Terminator 2: Judgment Day is a 1991 American science fiction action film directed by James Cameron, who co-wrote the script with William Wisher. Starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Linda Hamilton, Robert Patrick, and Edward Furlong, it is the sequel to The Terminator (1984) and is the second installment in the Terminator franchise. In the film, the malevolent artificial intelligence Skynet sends a Terminator—a highly advanced killing machine—back in time to 1995 to kill the future leader of the human resistance John Connor, when he is a child. The resistance sends back a less advanced, reprogrammed Terminator to protect Connor and ensure the future of humanity.

The Terminator was considered a significant success, enhancing Schwarzenegger's and Cameron's careers, but work on a sequel stalled because of animosity between the pair and Hemdale Film Corporation, which partially owned the film's rights. In 1990, Schwarzenegger and Cameron persuaded Carolco Pictures to purchase the rights from The Terminator producer Gale Anne Hurd and Hemdale, which was financially struggling. A release date was set for the following year, leaving Cameron and Wisher seven weeks to write the script. Principal photography began from October 1990 to March 1991, taking place in and around Los Angeles on an estimated $94–102 million budget, making it the most expensive film made at the time. The advanced visual effects by Industrial Light & Magic (ILM), which include the first use of a computer-generated main character in a blockbuster film, resulted in a schedule overrun. Theatrical prints were not delivered to theaters until the night before the picture's release on July 3, 1991. (Full article...)
Image 2
The Chase is a 1994 American action comedy film directed by Adam Rifkin and starring Charlie Sheen and Kristy Swanson. Set in California, the film follows a wrongfully convicted man who kidnaps a wealthy heiress and leads police on a lengthy car chase in an attempt to escape prison, while the news media dramatize the chase to absurd extents. It features Henry Rollins, Josh Mostel, and Ray Wise in supporting roles, with cameo appearances by Anthony Kiedis and Flea of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers.

The Chase was conceived as a direct response to Rifkin's 1991 comedy The Dark Backward, which performed extremely poorly at the box office. The film was shot in Houston, Texas and its soundtrack features alternative artists such as Bad Religion, NOFX, and Rollins Band. Although the film received mixed reviews from critics, it was considered a commercial success. Journalists generally criticized its forced script and subpar characters, but praised the film's use of satire to criticize the television news industry. According to Rollins, the film has attracted a cult following. (Full article...)
Image 3
Batman & Robin is a 1997 American superhero film based on the DC Comics characters Batman and Robin by Bill Finger and Bob Kane. It is the fourth and final installment of Warner Bros.'s initial Batman film series, a sequel to Batman Forever and the only film in the series made without the involvement of Tim Burton in any capacity. Directed by Joel Schumacher and written by Akiva Goldsman, it stars George Clooney as Bruce Wayne / Batman, replacing Val Kilmer, Arnold Schwarzenegger as Victor Fries / Mr. Freeze, and Chris O'Donnell reprising his role as Dick Grayson / Robin, alongside Uma Thurman and Alicia Silverstone. The film follows the eponymous characters as they attempt to prevent Mr. Freeze and Poison Ivy from taking over the world, while at the same time struggling to keep their partnership together.

Warner Bros. fast-tracked development for Batman & Robin following the box office success of Batman Forever. Schumacher and Goldsman conceived the storyline during pre-production on A Time to Kill; Schumacher was given a mandate to make the film more toyetic than its predecessor. After Val Kilmer decided not to reprise the role of Batman, Schumacher was interested in casting William Baldwin before George Clooney won the role. Principal photography began in September 1996 and wrapped in January 1997, two weeks ahead of the shooting schedule. (Full article...)
Image 4
Batman Returns is a 1992 American superhero film directed by Tim Burton and written by Daniel Waters. Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it is the sequel to Batman (1989) and the second installment in the 1989–1997 Batman series. In the film, the superhero vigilante Batman comes into conflict with wealthy industrialist Max Shreck and deformed crime boss Oswald Cobblepot / The Penguin, who seek power, influence, and respect regardless of the cost to Gotham City. Their plans are complicated by Selina Kyle, Shreck's formerly-meek secretary, who seeks vengeance against Shreck as Catwoman. The cast includes Michael Keaton, Danny DeVito, Michelle Pfeiffer, Christopher Walken, Michael Gough, Pat Hingle, and Michael Murphy.

Burton had no interest in making a sequel to the successful Batman, believing that he was creatively restricted by the expectations of Warner Bros. He agreed to return in exchange for significant creative control, including replacing original writer Sam Hamm with Daniel Waters and hiring many of his previous creative collaborators. Waters' script focused more on characterization than on overarching plot, and Wesley Strick was hired to complete an uncredited re-write which (among other elements) provided a master plan for the Penguin. Filming was done from September 1991 to February 1992, on a $50–80 million budget, on sets and sound stages at Warner Bros. Studios and the Universal Studios Lot in California. Special effects primarily involved practical applications and makeup, with some animatronics and computer-generated imagery. (Full article...)
Image 5
The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc (French: Jeanne d'Arc) is a 1999 English-language French epic historical drama film directed by Luc Besson and starring Milla Jovovich, John Malkovich, Faye Dunaway and Dustin Hoffman. The screenplay was written by Besson and Andrew Birkin, and the original score was composed by Éric Serra.

The Messenger portrays the story of Joan of Arc, the French war heroine and religious martyr of the Hundred Years War. It begins with young Joan as she witnesses the atrocities of the English against her family, and she has visions that inspire her to lead the French in battle against the occupying English. Her success in routing the English allows Charles VII to take the throne. Eventually, Joan is captured by the English, tried and executed for heresy. (Full article...)
Image 6
The Hunted is a 1995 American and Japanese martial-arts thriller film written and directed by J. F. Lawton in his mainstream directorial debut, and starring Christopher Lambert, John Lone, Joan Chen, Yoshio Harada and Yoko Shimada. Lambert plays Paul Racine, an American businessman who by accident earns the wrath of a ninja clan led by Lone's character, Kinjo.

The film was shot in Nagoya, Japan, and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on a $25 million budget, and premiered in February 1995, taking in $6.6 million in U.S. box office. Most critic reviews found the plot clichéed and the acting unconvincing, while some praised Harada's performance as samurai Ijuro Takeda, Racine's protector and Kinjo's sworn enemy. The critically well-received soundtrack featured music by the Japanese taiko troupe Kodō, which pervades the film. (Full article...)
Image 7
Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! (transl. Who am I to you?) also known by the initialism HAHK, is a 1994 Indian Hindi-language musical romantic drama film written and directed by Sooraj Barjatya and produced by Rajshri Productions. The film stars Madhuri Dixit and Salman Khan and celebrates Indian wedding traditions by means of a story of a married couple and the relationship between their families; a story about sacrificing one's love for one's family. The basic plot is based on studio's earlier film Nadiya Ke Paar (1982), which was based on Keshav Prasad Mishra's Hindi novel Kohbar Ki Shart. The film features music by Raamlaxman who also composed a 14-song soundtrack, an unusually large number of songs for that period.

Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! released on 5 August 1994, and became the highest-grossing film of the year, having grossed between ₹2 billion ($63.8 million) and ₹2.5 billion ($82 million) worldwide, It also became the highest-grossing Indian film at the time of its release. It contributed to a change in the Indian film industry, with new methods of distribution and a turn towards less violent stories. It was the first film to gross over ₹1 billion in India, and when adjusted for inflation, is the highest-grossing Indian film of the 1990s and also one of the highest-earning Bollywood films ever. Box Office India described it as "the biggest blockbuster of the modern era." It received widespread critical acclaim upon release, with high praise for its direction, story, screenplay, dialogues, soundtrack, production design, costumes and performances of the cast, with major praise directed towards Dixit's performance. (Full article...)
Image 8
Leprechaun is a 1993 American comedy horror film written and directed by Mark Jones, and starring Warwick Davis in the title role, with Jennifer Aniston supporting. Davis plays a vengeful leprechaun who believes a family has stolen his pot of gold. As he hunts them, they attempt to locate his gold to mollify him.

Originally intended as straight horror, Davis injected humor into his role, and reshoots added increased gore to appeal to older audiences. Leprechaun was the first in-house production at Trimark Pictures for theatrical exhibition; it earned a domestic gross of $8.6 million against a budget of roughly $1 million and became a cult film. While initial reviews were negative, the commercial success prompted a series of films. (Full article...)
Image 9
Ghibli Experimental Theater On Your Mark (Japanese: ジブリ実験劇場 On Your Mark, Hepburn: Jiburi Jikkengekijō On Yua Māku) is an animated music video created by Studio Ghibli for the song "On Your Mark" by the Japanese rock duo Chage & Aska. The song was released in 1994 as part of the single "Heart". In 1995, Hayao Miyazaki wrote and directed the short film for the song as a side-project after having writer's block with Princess Mononoke. The anime music video is non-linear, providing multiple reiterations and alternate scenes to depict the events. The music video added sound effects to the audio track, but contains no dialogue. Miyazaki purposely misinterpreted the lyrics to present his vision of a world where the surface becomes inhospitable and humans live in an underground city. He made the video cryptic to evoke creative interpretations among viewers.

The music video follows two policemen who raid and massacre a religious cult and find an angelic being, only to have her taken away and confined to a secure laboratory. Haunted by the fate of the angel, the two men formulate a plan and break into the laboratory. Fleeing in an armored truck, the three plummet into an abyss after trying to force past a police aircraft along a narrow, suspended roadway. After a montage of the previous scenes, the armored truck suddenly rockets into an apartment complex, allowing their escape. The three escape to the surface, ignoring the radiation and danger signs, emerging near an encased nuclear reactor. The two men set the angel free and she flies off into the sky. (Full article...)
Image 10
Mulan is a 1998 American animated musical action-adventure film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation for Walt Disney Pictures. Based on the Chinese legend of Hua Mulan, the film was directed by Barry Cook and Tony Bancroft and produced by Pam Coats, from a screenplay by Rita Hsiao, Chris Sanders, Philip LaZebnik, and the writing team of Raymond Singer and Eugenia Bostwick-Singer, and a story by Robert D. San Souci. Ming-Na Wen, Eddie Murphy, Miguel Ferrer, and BD Wong star in the English version as Mulan, Mushu, Shan Yu, and Captain Li Shang, respectively, while Jackie Chan provided the voice of Li Shang for the Chinese dubs of the film. The film's plot takes place in China during an unspecified Imperial dynasty, where Fa Mulan, daughter of aged warrior Fa Zhou, impersonates a man to take her father's place during a general conscription to counter a Hun invasion.

Mulan was the first of three features produced primarily at the Disney animation studio at Disney-MGM Studios (now Disney's Hollywood Studios) in Bay Lake, Florida. Development for the film began in 1994, when a number of artistic supervisors were sent to China to receive artistic and cultural inspiration. (Full article...)
Image 11
The Mask of Zorro is a 1998 American swashbuckler film based on the fictional character of the same name created by Johnston McCulley. It was directed by Martin Campbell and stars Antonio Banderas, Anthony Hopkins, Catherine Zeta-Jones, and Stuart Wilson. The film features the original Zorro, Don Diego de la Vega (Hopkins), escaping from prison to find his long-lost daughter (Zeta-Jones) and avenge the death of his wife at the hands of the corrupt governor Rafael Montero (Wilson). He is aided by his successor (Banderas), who is pursuing his own vendetta against the governor's right-hand man while falling in love with de la Vega's daughter.

Executive producer Steven Spielberg had initially developed the film for TriStar Pictures with directors Mikael Salomon and Robert Rodriguez, before Campbell signed on in 1996. Salomon cast Sean Connery as Don Diego de la Vega, while Rodriguez brought Banderas in the lead role. Connery dropped out and was replaced with Hopkins, and The Mask of Zorro began filming in January 1997 at Estudios Churubusco in Mexico City, Mexico. (Full article...)
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Presumed Innocent is a 1990 American legal thriller film based on the 1987 novel of the same name by Scott Turow. Directed by Alan J. Pakula, and written by Pakula and Frank Pierson, it stars Harrison Ford, Brian Dennehy, Raúl Juliá, Bonnie Bedelia, Paul Winfield and Greta Scacchi. The film follows Rusty Sabich (Ford), a prosecutor who is charged with the murder of his colleague and mistress Carolyn Polhemus (Scacchi). This is the first film role for Jeffrey Wright.

Several studios and producers fought to secure the film rights one year before the novel was published. Producers Sydney Pollack and Mark Rosenberg acquired the rights in December 1986 and hired Pierson to write the script. After an unsuccessful pre-production development at United Artists, the project moved to Warner Bros., and Pakula was brought in to rewrite the script with Pierson before signing on as the film's director in January 1989. Principal photography commenced in July 1989 and concluded in October of that year, with a budget of $20 million. Filming took place on locations in Detroit, Windsor, Ontario, and New Jersey, and on soundstages at Kaufman Astoria Studios in New York. (Full article...)
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The Sweet Hereafter is a 1997 Canadian drama film written and directed by Atom Egoyan, adapted from the 1991 novel by Russell Banks. It tells the story of a school bus accident in a small town that kills 14 children. A class-action lawsuit ensues, proving divisive in the community and becoming tied with personal and family issues. It stars an ensemble cast featuring Ian Holm, Sarah Polley, Maury Chaykin, Bruce Greenwood, Tom McCamus, Gabrielle Rose, Arsinée Khanjian and Alberta Watson.

The film, inspired by the 1989 Alton, Texas, bus crash, was filmed in British Columbia and Ontario, incorporating a film score with medieval music influences and references to the story of the Pied Piper of Hamelin. (Full article...)
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Schindler's List is a 1993 American epic historical drama film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg and written by Steven Zaillian. It is based on the 1982 novel Schindler's Ark by Australian novelist Thomas Keneally. The film follows Oskar Schindler, a German industrialist who saved more than a thousand mostly Polish–Jewish refugees from the Holocaust by employing them in his factories during World War II. It stars Liam Neeson as Schindler, Ralph Fiennes as SS officer Amon Göth, and Ben Kingsley as Schindler's Jewish accountant Itzhak Stern.

Ideas for a film about the Schindlerjuden (Schindler Jews) were proposed as early as 1963. Poldek Pfefferberg, one of the Schindlerjuden, made it his life's mission to tell Schindler's story. Spielberg became interested when executive Sidney Sheinberg sent him a book review of Schindler's Ark. Universal Pictures bought the rights to the novel, but Spielberg, unsure if he was ready to make a film about the Holocaust, tried to pass the project to several directors before deciding to direct it. (Full article...)
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The Quick and the Dead is a 1995 American revisionist Western film directed by Sam Raimi, and starring Sharon Stone, Gene Hackman, Russell Crowe, and Leonardo DiCaprio. The screenplay was written by Simon Moore, but includes contributions from Joss Whedon. The story focuses on "The Lady" (Stone), a gunfighter who rides into the frontier town of Redemption, controlled by John Herod (Hackman). The Lady joins a deadly dueling competition in an attempt to exact revenge for her father's death.

Simon Moore's script was purchased by Sony Pictures Entertainment in May 1993, and actress Sharon Stone signed on as both star and co-producer. Development was fast tracked after director Sam Raimi's hiring, and principal photography began in Old Tucson Studios in Arizona on November 21, 1993. The film was distributed by TriStar Pictures and was released in the United States on February 10, 1995, to a dismal box-office performance, receiving mixed reviews from critics. In later years, however, the film has earned critical praise, especially for the performances, direction, cinematography, and musical score, with some critics noting it as underrated in Raimi's catalog. (Full article...)

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Sources

↑ Merkl, Peter; Leonard, Weinberg (2 August 2004). Right-wing Extremism in the Twenty-first Century. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-76421-0.
↑ "India – The Bharatiya Janata Party and the Rise of Hindu Nationalism".
↑ ROSEN, RUTH (27 December 1994). "Which of Us Isn't Taking 'Welfare'? : Poor children rank low in government largess; why is the comfortable class so mean?". Los Angeles Times.
↑ Séguin, Gilles. "Provincial Welfare Reforms in the 1990s – Canadian Social Research Links".
↑ Maloney, Tim (1 May 2002). "Welfare Reform and Unemployment in New Zealand". Economica. 69 (274): 273–293. doi:10.1111/1468-0335.00283.
↑ "Policy Exchange – Shaping the Policy Agenda" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2014.
↑ https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/12/19/report-us-executions-dipped-in-2013
↑ Handyside, AH; Kontogianni, EH; Hardy, K; Winston, RM (1990). "Pregnancies from biopsied human preimplantation embryos sexed by Y-specific DNA amplification". Nature. 344 (6268): 768–70. Bibcode:1990Natur.344..768H. doi:10.1038/344768a0. PMID 2330030.
↑ Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2004). The Roaring Nineties. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-32618-5.

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[1] Merkl, Peter; Leonard, Weinberg (2 August 2004). Right-wing Extremism in the Twenty-first Century. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-76421-0.

[2] "India – The Bharatiya Janata Party and the Rise of Hindu Nationalism".

[3] ROSEN, RUTH (27 December 1994). "Which of Us Isn't Taking 'Welfare'? : Poor children rank low in government largess; why is the comfortable class so mean?". Los Angeles Times.

[4] Séguin, Gilles. "Provincial Welfare Reforms in the 1990s – Canadian Social Research Links".

[5] Maloney, Tim (1 May 2002). "Welfare Reform and Unemployment in New Zealand". Economica. 69 (274): 273–293. doi:10.1111/1468-0335.00283.

[6] "Policy Exchange – Shaping the Policy Agenda" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2014.

[7] ttps://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/12/19/report-us-executions-dipped-in-2013

[8] Handyside, AH; Kontogianni, EH; Hardy, K; Winston, RM (1990). "Pregnancies from biopsied human preimplantation embryos sexed by Y-specific DNA amplification". Nature. 344 (6268): 768–70. Bibcode:1990Natur.344..768H. doi:10.1038/344768a0. PMID 2330030.

[9] Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2004). The Roaring Nineties. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-32618-5.

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