Premier of Victoria
Victorian Coat of arms
Flag of Victoria
Incumbent
Jacinta Allan
since 27 September 2023
Department of Premier and Cabinet
Style
StatusHead of Government
Member of
Reports toParliament
Seat1 Treasury Place, Melbourne
AppointerGovernor of Victoria
Term lengthAt the Governor's pleasure
by convention, based on appointee's ability to command confidence in the Legislative Assembly
Constituting instrumentNone (constitutional convention)
Formation28 November 1855
First holderWilliam Haines
DeputyDeputy premier of Victoria
SalaryA$481,190[1]
Websitewww.premier.vic.gov.au

The premier of Victoria is the head of government of the Australian state of Victoria. The premier leads the Cabinet of Victoria and selects its ministers. The premier is appointed by the Governor of Victoria and must be a member of the Legislative Assembly. In order to be appointed, the premier must command confidence in the Legislative Assembly, meaning that they must have the support of a majority of Legislative Assembly members. In practice, this is typically the leader of the political party who holds the support of a majority of lower house members.

Each premier since 1933, apart from Ian Macfarlan, who only served for 51 days, has had a portrait commissioned for the Victorian Parliament's portrait collection. The tradition was initiated by Legislative Council President Fred Grimwade. Premiers who hold the office for 3,000 days are granted a statue as a commemoration of their legacy. Five premiers, Daniel Andrews, Henry Bolte, John Cain Jr, Albert Dunstan, and Rupert Hamer, have achieved this milestone and four have their statues near the premier's office at 1 Treasury Place.[2]

The longest-serving premier was Henry Bolte, who served from 7 June 1955 to 23 August 1972 for a total of 17 years, and 77 days in office. He was a member of the Liberal Party. By contrast, the shortest-serving premier was George Elmslie, who served from 9 December 1913 to 22 December 1913 for a total of 13 days in office. He was also the first premier from the Labor Party.[3] The current premier is Jacinta Allan of the Labor Party, who assumed the office on 27 September 2023 following the resignation of Daniel Andrews.[4]

History

Before federation

Victoria convened its first meeting of its Legislative Council on 11 November 1851 in Melbourne at St Patrick's Hall, Bourke Street West, with its primary focus being the establishment of a constitution that the Parliament of the United Kingdom could vote on to facilitate the separation of the Port Phillip District from New South Wales. Responsible government came to the colony of Victoria in 1855 when its constitution was passed by the British Parliament and received royal assent on 16 July 1855, allowing Victoria to become its own colony, named after the reigning monarch, Queen Victoria. Governor Charles Hotham appointed William Haines to be Victoria's first premier on 28 November 1855, with the first election, provided for by the Electoral Act 1856, organised the following year.[5][6]

Victoria's first election elected Haines to serve his second term. This election marked the beginning of Victoria's bicameral system, with its first sitting of parliament on 25 November 1856, taking place in Parliament House, Melbourne.[6]

In the early years of Victoria's political history, formal political parties did not exist, rather every member of parliament (MP) was an independent which made it difficult for any one member to command the confidence of the lower house. Consequently, between the years 1855 and 1863, there were seven changes in government, and eleven instances when Governor Henry Barkly, was unable to find either an MP who would accept the role of the premier, or an MP who was able to form a ministry amongst their parliamentary colleagues.[7]

Post federation

From Australia's federation in 1901 until the 1950s, Victorian political history was marked by instability, with 24 changes in government during that time. Then, Henry Bolte who won the 1955 election as Liberal Party leader, went on to serve as premier consecutively for 17 years and 83 days. Two more Liberal Party leaders, Rupert Hamer and Lindsay Thompson, immediately followed Bolte's premiership before the Labor Party won government in 1982 with John Cain, whose father had been the 34th Victorian premier, taking over as leader. Cain resigned from the office of premier in 1990[8] and was succeeded by Joan Kirner, Victoria's first female premier.[9] Since 2014, Victoria's Government has been led by the Labor party with Daniel Andrews winning the three most recent elections before he handed over leadership to Jacinta Allan in 2023.[10]

Appointment and succession

To become a premier, one must both hold a seat in the lower house of the Victorian Parliament and command the confidence of the majority of lower house members. This is usually the leader of the political party or coalition with the majority of lower house seats.[11] In the event of a minority government, where the party of government does not hold a majority of seats in the lower house, the government is formed by the party, which, with members of the crossbench, can command the confidence of the lower house. This typically involves crossbench MPs making commitments of confidence and supply to the party they wish to form government.[12]

Following a premier's resignation or an election loss, the governor appoints a new government by swearing in the new premier and ministers.[13] If the government loses an election, conventions inherited from the Westminster system see the existing premier and ministers continue on a caretaker basis until a new government is appointed, thereby ensuring Victoria is never without a government.[13] Convention also requires an outgoing premier to advise the governor to call on the Leader of the Opposition to form a government and then to tender their resignation and that of the defeated ministers. Ordinarily, the governor accepts the resignations and appoints a new government at the same time.[13] When a premier loses an election, the Leader of the Opposition (the Premier-elect) must assure the governor that they have the confidence of a majority in the Legislative Assembly. Upon being satisfied the governor commissions the Premier-elect to form a government and the new premier and the members of parliament nominated by them as ministers are then sworn in as Ministers of the Crown.[13]

Elections are held every 4 years on the last Saturday of November with the next election set for 28 November 2026. The MP with the support of the majority of members elected in the Lower House then becomes premier.[14] There are no term limits imposed on a premier.[15]

Powers and role

The role of the premier includes leading the parliament, serving as the Chief Minister and Chair of Cabinet, selecting ministers and assigning portfolios, representing their electorate, handling portfolio responsibilities, and acting as the main channel of communication between the Victorian Government, the Governor and Cabinet, other state and territory governments, the Commonwealth Government, and overseas governments. The Premier is expected to have a vision for Victoria that addresses the major issues facing the state and includes plans for the state's continued prosperity.[11]

The Premier's executive powers are derived from acts passed through Parliament and the Constitution Act 1975 (Vic).[16]

Amenities of office

Rupert Hamer's statue at 1 Treasury Place

Salary

As of 1 July 2023, the premier is paid a total salary of A$481,190. This is made up of the 'basic salary' received by all Members of Parliament (A$198,839), an 'additional salary' for the role of premier (A$221,871), and an 'expense allowance' of A$60,480. Changes to the premier's salary are determined by the Victorian Independent Remuneration Tribunal.[1]

Portrait

Each premier since 1933, apart from Ian Macfarlan, who only served for 51 days, has had a portrait commissioned for the Victorian Parliament's portrait collection. The tradition was initiated by Legislative Council President Fred Grimwade. Deceased premiers had their portraits painted from images and living former premiers had their portrait painted in person.[17]

Statue

Premiers who hold the office for 3,000 days are granted a statue as a commemoration of their legacy. Five premiers, Daniel Andrews, Henry Bolte, John Cain Jr, Albert Dunstan, Rupert Hamer, and James McCulloch have achieved this milestone, but only four have had their statues erected.[2] Daniel Andrews' statue is still pending completion and James McCulloch, despite serving for 3,230 days, did not get a statue; historians Paul Strangio and Brian J. Costar have posited that this is likely due to McCulloch serving his terms prior to federation and/or non-consecutively.[18] The statues were sculpted in bronze by Peter Corlett and were installed in September 1999 after premier Jeff Kennett instituted the rule for premiers serving 3,000 days. The statues are located near the premier's office at 1 Treasury Place.[19]

Retirement

Once retired, former premiers get an office in the Old Treasury Building, Melbourne.[20]

List of premiers of Victoria

Political parties

  Reform
  Labor
  Country
  Liberal
List of premiers of Victoria
No. Portrait Premier Election Term of office Political party/ alignment Ministry Monarch Governor Notes
Took office Left office Time in office[21]
1 William Haines
(1810–1866)
MP for South Grant		 1856 28 November 1855 11 March 1857 1 year, 104 days Independent Haines I Victoria Charles Hotham [22]
Henry Barkly
2 John O'Shanassy
(1818–1883)
MP for Kilmore		 — 11 March 1857 29 April 1857 50 days Independent O'Shanassy I [23]
(1) William Haines
(1810–1866)
MP for South Grant		 — 29 April 1857 10 March 1858 316 days Independent Haines II [22]
(2) John O'Shanassy
(1818–1883)
MP for Kilmore		 — 10 March 1858 27 October 1859 1 year, 232 days Independent O'Shanassy II [23]
3 William Nicholson
(1816–1865)
MP for Sandridge		 1859 27 October 1859 26 November 1860 1 year, 31 days Independent Nicholson [24]
4 Richard Heales
(1822–1864)
MP for East Bourke Boroughs		 1861 26 November 1860 14 November 1861 354 days Independent Heales [25]
(2) John O'Shanassy
(1818–1883)
MP for Kilmore		 — 14 November 1861 27 June 1863 1 year, 226 days Independent O'Shanassy III [23]
5 James McCulloch
(1819–1893)
MP for Mornington		 1864
1866
1868		 27 June 1863 6 May 1868 4 years, 315 days Independent McCulloch I [26]
Charles Darling
Lord Canterbury
6 Charles Sladen
(1816–1884)
MP for Western Province		 — 6 May 1868 11 July 1868 67 days Independent Sladen [27]
(5) James McCulloch
(1819–1893)
MP for Mornington		 — 11 July 1868 20 September 1869 1 year, 72 days Independent McCulloch II [26]
7 John Alexander MacPherson
(1833–1894)
MP for Dundas		 — 20 September 1869 9 April 1870 202 days Independent MacPherson [28]
(5) James McCulloch
(1819–1893)
MP for Mornington		 1871 9 April 1870 19 June 1871 1 year, 72 days Independent McCulloch III [26]
8 Charles Gavan Duffy
(1816–1903)
MP for Dalhousie		 — 19 June 1871 10 June 1872 358 days Independent Duffy [29]
9 James Francis
(1819–1884)
MP for Richmond		 1874 10 June 1872 31 July 1874 2 years, 52 days Independent Francis [30]
George Bowen
10 George Kerferd
(1831–1889)
MP for Ovens		 — 31 July 1874 7 August 1875 1 year, 8 days Independent Kerferd [31]
11 Graham Berry
(1822–1904)
MP for Geelong West		 — 7 August 1875 20 October 1875 75 days Non-Party Liberalism Berry I [32]
(5) James McCulloch
(1819–1893)
MP for Warrnambool		 — 20 October 1875 21 May 1877 1 year, 214 days Non-Party Conservatism McCulloch IV [26]
(11) Graham Berry
(1822–1904)
MP for Geelong		 1877
Feb. 1880		 21 May 1877 5 March 1880 2 years, 290 days Non-Party Liberalism Berry II [32]
Lord Normanby
12 James Service
(1823–1899)
MP for Maldon		 Feb. 1880 5 March 1880 3 August 1880 152 days Non-Party Conservatism Service I [33]
(11) Graham Berry
(1822–1904)
MP for Geelong		 Jul. 1880 3 August 1880 9 July 1881 341 days Non-Party Liberalism Berry III [32]
13 Bryan O'Loghlen
(1828–1905)
MP for West Bourke		 — 9 July 1881 8 March 1883 1 year, 243 days Non-Party Liberalism O'Loghlen [34]
(12) James Service
(1823–1899)
MP for Castlemaine		 1883 8 March 1883 18 February 1886 2 years, 348 days Non-Party Conservatism Service II [33]
Henry Loch
14 Duncan Gillies
(1834–1903)
MP for Rodney and Eastern Suburbs		 1886
1889		 18 February 1886 5 November 1890 4 years, 261 days Non-Party Conservatism Gillies [35]
Lord Hopetoun
15 James Munro
(1832–1908)
MP for Geelong		 — 5 November 1890 16 February 1892 1 year, 104 days Non-Party Liberalism Munro [36]
16 William Shiels
(1848–1904)
MP for Normanby		 1892 16 February 1892 23 January 1893 343 days Non-Party Liberalism Shiels [37]
17 James Patterson
(1833–1895)
MP for Castlemaine		 — 23 January 1893 27 September 1894 1 year, 248 days Non-Party Conservatism Patterson [38]
18 George Turner
(1851–1916)
MP for St Kilda		 1894
1897		 27 September 1894 5 December 1899 5 years, 70 days Protectionist and Liberal Turner I [39]
Lord Brassey
19 Allan McLean
(1840–1911)
MP for Gippsland North		 — 5 December 1899 19 November 1900 350 days Non-Party Liberalism McLean [40]
(18) George Turner
(1851–1916)
MP for St Kilda		 1900 19 November 1900 12 February 1901 86 days Non-Party Liberalism Turner II vacant [39]
Edward VII
20 Alexander Peacock
(1861–1933)
MP for Clunes and Allandale		 — 12 February 1901 10 June 1902 1 year, 119 days Non-Party Liberalism Peacock I George Clarke [41]
21 William Irvine
(1858–1943)
MP for Lowan		 1902 10 June 1902 16 February 1904 1 year, 252 days Reform Irvine [42]
22 Thomas Bent
(1838–1909)
MP for Brighton		 1904
1907
1908		 16 February 1904 8 January 1909 4 years, 328 days Reform Bent Reginald Talbot [43]
Thomas Gibson-Carmichael
23 John Murray
(1851–1916)
MP for Warrnambool		 1911 8 January 1909 18 May 1912 3 years, 132 days Commonwealth Liberal Murray [44]
George V
John Fuller
24 William Watt
(1871–1946)
MP for Essendon		 — 18 May 1912 9 December 1913 1 year, 206 days Commonwealth Liberal Watt I [45]
25 George Elmslie
(1861–1918)
MP for Albert Park		 — 9 December 1913 22 December 1913 14 days Labor Elmslie vacant [46]
(24) William Watt
(1871–1946)
MP for Essendon		 — 22 December 1913 18 June 1914 179 days Commonwealth Liberal Watt II Arthur Stanley [45]
(20) Alexander Peacock
(1861–1933)
MP for Allandale		 1914 18 June 1914 29 November 1917 3 years, 165 days Commonwealth Liberal Peacock II [41]
26 John Bowser
(1858–1936)
MP for Wangaratta		 1917 29 November 1917 21 March 1918 144 days Nationalist Bowser [47]
27 Harry Lawson
(1875–1952)
MP for Castlemaine and Maldon		 1920
1921		 21 March 1918 28 April 1924 6 years, 39 days Nationalist Lawson I
Lawson II
Lawson III		 [48]
Lord Stradbroke
(20) Alexander Peacock
(1861–1933)
MP for Allandale		 — 28 April 1924 18 July 1924 82 days Nationalist Peacock III [41]
28 George Prendergast
(1854–1937)
MP for North Melbourne		 1924 18 July 1924 18 November 1924 124 days Labor Prendergast [49]
29 John Allan
(1866–1936)
MP for Rodney		 — 18 November 1924 20 May 1927 2 years, 184 days Country John Allan [50]
Lord Somers
30 Edmond Hogan
(1883–1964)
MP for Warrenheip and Grenville		 1927 20 May 1927 22 November 1928 1 year, 187 days Labor Hogan I [51]
31 William McPherson
(1865–1932)
MP for Hawthorn		 — 22 November 1928 12 December 1929 1 year, 21 days Nationalist McPherson [52]
(30) Edmond Hogan
(1883–1964)
MP for Warrenheip and Grenville		 1929 12 December 1929 19 May 1932 2 years, 160 days Labor Hogan II [51]
32 Stanley Argyle
(1867–1940)
MP for Toorak		 1932
1935		 19 May 1932 2 April 1935 2 years, 319 days United Australia Argyle I
Argyle II		 Lord Huntingfield [53]
33 Albert Dunstan
(1882–1950)
MP for Korong and Eaglehawk		 1937
1940
1943		 2 April 1935 14 September 1943 8 years, 166 days United Country Dunstan I [54]
Edward VIII
George VI
Lord Dugan
34 John Cain Sr.
(1882–1957)
MP for Northcote		 — 14 September 1943 18 September 1943 5 days Labor Cain Sr. I [55]
(33) Albert Dunstan
(1882–1950)
MP for Korong and Eaglehawk		 — 18 September 1943 2 October 1945 2 years, 15 days United Country Dunstan II [54]
35 Ian Macfarlan
(1881–1964)
MP for Brighton		 — 2 October 1945 21 November 1945 51 days Liberal Macfarlan [56]
(34) John Cain Sr.
(1882–1957)
MP for Northcote		 1945 21 November 1945 20 November 1947 2 years, 0 days Labor Cain Sr. II [55]
36 Thomas Hollway
(1906–1971)
MP for Ballarat		 1947
1950		 20 November 1947 27 June 1950 2 years, 220 days Liberal
Liberal and Country		 Hollway I
Hollway II		 [57]
Dallas Brooks
37 John McDonald
(1896–1977)
MP for Shepparton		 — 27 June 1950 28 October 1952 2 years, 124 days Country McDonald I [58]
Elizabeth II
(36) Thomas Hollway
(1906–1971)
MP for Ballarat		 — 28 October 1952 31 October 1952 4 days Electoral Reform Hollway III [57]
(37) John McDonald
(1896–1977)
MP for Shepparton		 — 31 October 1952 17 December 1952 48 days Country McDonald II [58]
(34) John Cain Sr.
(1882–1957)
MP for Northcote		 1952 17 December 1952 7 June 1955 2 years, 173 days Labor Cain Sr. III [59]
38 Henry Bolte
(1908–1990)
MP for Hampden		 1955
1958
1961
1964
1967
1970		 7 June 1955 23 August 1972 17 years, 78 days Liberal and Country
Liberal		 Bolte I
Bolte II
Bolte III
Bolte IV
Bolte V
Bolte VI		 [60]
Rohan Delacombe
39 Rupert Hamer
(1916–2004)
MP for Kew		 1973
1976
1979		 23 August 1972 5 June 1981 8 years, 287 days Liberal Hamer I
Hamer II
Hamer III
Hamer IV		 [61]
Henry Winneke
40 Lindsay Thompson
(1923–2008)
MP for Malvern		 — 5 June 1981 8 April 1982 308 days Liberal Thompson [62]
Brian Murray
41 John Cain Jr.
(1931–2019)
MP for Bundoora		 1982
1985
1988		 8 April 1982 10 August 1990 8 years, 125 days Labor Cain Jr. [63]
Davis McCaughey
42 Joan Kirner
(1938–2015)
MP for Williamstown		 — 10 August 1990 6 October 1992 2 years, 58 days Labor Kirner [64]
Richard McGarvie
43 Jeff Kennett
(b. 1948)
MP for Burwood		 1992
1996		 6 October 1992 20 October 1999 7 years, 15 days Liberal Kennett I
Kennett II		 [65]
James Gobbo
44 Steve Bracks
(b. 1954)
MP for Williamstown		 1999
2002
2006		 20 October 1999 30 July 2007 7 years, 284 days Labor Bracks I
Bracks II
Bracks III		 [66]
John Landy
David de Kretser
45 John Brumby
(b. 1953)
MP for Broadmeadows		 — 30 July 2007 2 December 2010 3 years, 126 days Labor Brumby [67]
46 Ted Baillieu
(b. 1953)
MP for Hawthorn		 2010 2 December 2010 6 March 2013 2 years, 95 days Liberal Baillieu [68]
Alex Chernov
47 Denis Napthine
(b. 1952)
MP for South-West Coast		 — 6 March 2013 4 December 2014 1 year, 274 days Liberal Napthine [69]
48 Daniel Andrews
(b. 1972)
MP for Mulgrave		 2014
2018
2022		 4 December 2014 27 September 2023 8 years, 298 days Labor Andrews I
Andrews II
Andrews III		 [70]
Linda Dessau
Charles III
Margaret Gardner
49 Jacinta Allan
(b. 1973)
MP for Bendigo East		 — 27 September 2023 Incumbent 113 days Labor Jacinta Allan [71]

Timeline

Jacinta AllanDaniel AndrewsDenis NapthineTed BaillieuJohn BrumbySteve BracksJeff KennettJoan KirnerJohn Cain (41st Premier of Victoria)Lindsay ThompsonRupert HamerHenry BolteJohn McDonald (Victorian politician)Thomas HollwayIan MacfarlanJohn Cain (34th Premier of Victoria)Albert DunstanStanley ArgyleWilliam Murray McPhersonEdmond HoganJohn Allan (Australian politician)George PrendergastHarry LawsonJohn BowserGeorge Elmslie (Australian politician)William Watt (Australian politician)John Murray (Victorian politician)Thomas BentWilliam Irvine (Australian politician)Alexander PeacockAllan McLean (Australian politician)George Turner (Australian politician)James Patterson (Australian politician)William ShielsJames Munro (Australian politician)Duncan GilliesBryan O'LoghlenJames ServiceGraham BerryGeorge KerferdJames FrancisCharles Gavan DuffyJohn Alexander MacPhersonCharles SladenJames McCullochRichard HealesWilliam Nicholson (Australian politician)John O'ShanassyWilliam Haines (Australian politician)

See also

References

  1. 1 2 McCann, Warren; Acton, Jennifer; Gardner, Laurinda (20 June 2023). Members of Parliament (Victoria) Determination No. 01/2023 (PDF). Victorian Independent Remuneration Tribunal. pp. 5, 8. ISBN 978-1-925789-93-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  2. 1 2 Kolovos, Benita (18 February 2023). "A bronze North Face jacket? Daniel Andrews sized up for statue after 3,000 days as premier". Guardian Australia. Archived from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  3. ↑ Toy, Mitchell (21 April 2022). "How Victoria's first Labor premier lasted just 13 days". Herald Sun. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  4. ↑ Kolovos, Benita; Ore, Adeshola (27 September 2023). "Jacina Allan to become premier of Victoria". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  5. ↑ "Electoral Act 1856 (Vic)". Museum of Australian Democracy. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  6. 1 2 Costar & Strangio 2006, p. 4.
  7. ↑ Costar & Strangio 2006, p. 13.
  8. ↑ Forristal, Tom (16 April 1982). "Ministers of the Crown". Victoria Government Gazette. Victorian Government Printer. p. 1982:1025. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  9. ↑ "Fact Sheet I1: Victoria's Parliamentary History". Parliament of Victoria. 25 February 2019. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  10. ↑ Evans, Duncan (27 September 2023). "Jacinta Allan elected 49th premier of Victoria". news.com.au. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  11. 1 2 "The Premier". Victorian Government. 2 October 2023. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is by the State Government of Victoria available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
  12. ↑ Snowden, Angelica (25 November 2022). "How minority governments work". The Australian. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  13. 1 2 3 4 "Governor's role". Governor of Victoria. 22 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2023.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is by the Governor of Victoria available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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  15. ↑ "Fact Sheet H1: Roles in the Assembly". Parliament of Victoria. 25 February 2019. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  16. ↑ Allan, Jacinta (3 October 2023). "General Order dated 2 October 2023 – Premier". Victorian Government. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  17. ↑ "History of the Premiers Portraits". Parliament of Victoria. 11 August 2022. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  18. ↑ Costar & Strangio 2006, p. 2.
  19. ↑ Costar & Strangio 2006, p. 1.
  20. ↑ Donnelly, Stephen; Andrews, Dan (8 December 2023). "Ep.220: Haters Hate and the Rest Vote Labor with Dan Andrews". Socially Democratic (Podcast). Dunn Street. 6:21 minutes in. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
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  22. 1 2 "William Clark Haines". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 7 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  23. 1 2 3 "Sir John O'Shanassy (KCSG, KCMG, CMG)". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  24. ↑ "William Nicholson". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 7 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  25. ↑ "Richard Heales". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  26. 1 2 3 4 "Sir James McCulloch". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 7 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  27. ↑ "Sir Charles Sladen (KCMG)". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  28. ↑ "John Alexander Macpherson". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  29. ↑ "Sir Charles Gavan Duffy". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  30. ↑ "James Goodall Francis". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  31. ↑ "George Briscoe Kerferd". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  32. 1 2 3 "Sir Graham Berry". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  33. 1 2 "James Service". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  34. ↑ "Sir Bryan O'Loghlen". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  35. ↑ "Duncan Gillies". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 28 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  36. ↑ "James Munro". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  37. ↑ "William Shiels". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  38. ↑ "Sir James Brown Patterson (KCMG)". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  39. 1 2 "Sir George Turner (KCMG)". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 23 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  40. ↑ "Allan McLean". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  41. 1 2 3 "Sir Alexander James Peacock (KCMG)". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 28 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  42. ↑ "Sir William Hill Irvine (KB, KCMG)". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 7 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  43. ↑ "Sir Thomas Bent". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 28 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  44. ↑ "John Murray". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  45. 1 2 "William Alexander Watt". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  46. ↑ "George Alexander Elmslie". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  47. ↑ "Sir John Bowser". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  48. ↑ "Sir Harry Sutherland Wightman Lawson (KCMG)". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  49. ↑ "George Michael Prendergast". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 15 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  50. ↑ "John Allan". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 18 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  51. 1 2 "Edmond John Hogan". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 15 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  52. ↑ "Sir William Murray McPherson". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 18 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  53. ↑ "Sir Stanley Seymour Argyle". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 15 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  54. 1 2 "Sir Albert Arthur Dunstan". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 15 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  55. 1 2 "John Cain". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 15 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  56. ↑ "John Robert MacFarlan". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 15 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  57. 1 2 "Thomas Tuke Hollway". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 15 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  58. 1 2 "Sir John Gladstone Black McDonald". Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851. Parliament of Victoria. 15 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  59. ↑ "John Cain". Members of Parliament. Parliament of Victoria. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  60. ↑ "Sir Henry Edward Bolte". Members of Parliament. Parliament of Victoria. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  61. ↑ "Sir Rupert James Hamer (KCMG)". Members of Parliament. Parliament of Victoria. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  62. ↑ "Lindsay Hamilton Simpson Thompson (KCMG, AO, OAM)". Members of Parliament. Parliament of Victoria. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  63. ↑ "John Cain". Members of Parliament. Parliament of Victoria. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  64. ↑ "Joan Elizabeth Kirner (OAM, AC)". Members of Parliament. Parliament of Victoria. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  65. ↑ "Jeffrey Gibb Kennett (AC)". Members of Parliament. Parliament of Victoria. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  66. ↑ "Stephen Phillip Bracks". Members of Parliament. Parliament of Victoria. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  67. ↑ "Hon John Mansfield Brumby". Members of Parliament. Parliament of Victoria. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  68. ↑ "Edward Norman Baillieu". Members of Parliament. Parliament of Victoria. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  69. ↑ "The Hon. Dr. Denis Vincent Napthine". Members of Parliament. Parliament of Victoria. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  70. ↑ "The Hon. Daniel Michael Andrews". Members of Parliament. Parliament of Victoria. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  71. ↑ "The Hon. Jacinta Allan". Members of Parliament. Parliament of Victoria. Retrieved 29 November 2023.

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