Prickett's Fort State Park
Prickett's Fort reconstruction
Map showing the location of Prickett's Fort State Park
Map showing the location of Prickett's Fort State Park
Location of Prickett's Fort State Park in West Virginia
LocationMarion, West Virginia, United States
Coordinates39°30′55″N 80°05′53″W / 39.51528°N 80.09806°W / 39.51528; -80.09806
Area22 acres (8.9 ha)
Elevation971 ft (296 m)
Established1975[2]
Named forPrickett's Fort
Governing bodyWest Virginia Division of Natural Resources
Websitewvstateparks.com/park/pricketts-fort-state-park/

Prickett's Fort State Park is a 188-acre (76.1 ha) West Virginia state park north of Fairmont, near the confluence of Prickett's Creek and the Monongahela River. The park features a reconstructed refuge fort and commemorates life on the Virginia frontier during the late 18th century.[3]

Historic fort

Historic Prickett's Fort was built to defend early European settlers of what today is West Virginia from raids by hostile Native Americans, a portion of whose territory the settlers appropriated after the Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768). After a band of settlers led by Daniel Greathouse perpetrated the Yellow Creek massacre in 1774, initiating Lord Dunmore's War, all settlers in the Ohio River Valley were in peril from Native American attack.

Because there was safety in numbers, the settlers built a number of refuge forts, including one on the homestead of Jacob Prickett.[4] Fairly simple in design, Prickett's Fort was little more than a hundred-foot-square log palisade built around Prickett's house. Native Americans tended to avoid such strong points, preferring to ambush small work parties.[5]

When the frontiersmen believed they were in danger of Native American attack, families gathered at such a fortified area, a procedure called "forting up". In 1774, there were at least a hundred such palisades, blockhouses, and "stations" in the Monongahela Valley, many within a thirty-mile radius of Prickett's Fort.[6] Perhaps as many as eighty families—several hundred people—gathered at Prickett's Fort during crisis periods, where they stayed for days or even weeks. Prickett's Fort was never attacked, although militiamen from the confluence area were killed by Native Americans elsewhere.[7]

Reconstruction

Prickett's Fort reconstruction.

The last written mention of Prickett's Fort occurred in 1780.[8] In 1916, the Sons of the American Revolution dedicated a monument in honor of settlers who built the fort.[9] When, in 1973, the traditional site of the fort was threatened by a Department of Natural Resources parking lot, the Marion County Historical Society created the Prickett's Fort Memorial Foundation and announced plans to reconstruct the historic structure.[10] Discovering that the original fort site had probably been destroyed by the building of a railroad bridge in 1905, the Foundation decided to put the reconstruction on a small hill overlooking the river. Many old buildings donated to the project were torn down to provide timbers for the reconstruction.[11] A Reconstruction Details Committee decided to design the fort reconstruction on the basis of a description by Stephen Morgan, the son of an early settler. The current reconstruction is 110 feet square with two-story blockhouses at each corner, fourteen small cabins lining internal walls, and a meeting house and store house in the common area.[12] Unfortunately, the Morgan account was an inaccurate, perhaps even fraudulent, guide.[8] The Prickett's Fort Memorial Foundation describes the 1974 reconstruction as "much more elaborate" than the original but claims that every feature in the reconstruction might have been found at some refuge fort in the region.[13]

Features

In the reconstructed fort, the Foundation presents third-person interpretation of such 18th-century crafts as carpentry, blacksmithing, and spinning. A visitor center—managed by the Foundation under long-term contract with the state—includes a research library, a gift shop, and a gallery with an orientation exhibit and video.

Immediately south of the fort reconstruction, the Job Prickett House, built in 1859 by a great-grandson of Jacob Prickett, displays original furnishings and tools. This typical 19th-century farmhouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[3]

Recreational facilities at Prickett's Fort include a 400-seat outdoor amphitheater, picnic areas, nature trails, and a boat launch. The outdoor amphitheater is used by the Fairmont State University theater department each summer for musicals and dramatic productions. Prickett's Fort State Park provides access to both the MCPARC trail[14] to Fairmont and the Mon River Trail[15] to Morgantown. An accessibility study by West Virginia University determined that most park features were accessible to persons with disabilities.[16]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Pricketts Fort State Park". Protected Planet. IUCN. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  2. ↑ Where People and Nature Meet: A History of the West Virginia State Parks. Charleston, West Virginia: Pictorial Histories Publishing Company. April 1988. ISBN 0-933126-91-3.
  3. 1 2 Prickett's Fort Foundation website.
  4. ↑ Little is known of Jacob Prickett (1722-1797) beyond the fact that he came from West New Jersey and had moved to Prickett's Creek by 1772.
  5. ↑ "History of Prickett's Fort" (video) Prickett's Fort Memorial Foundation website.
  6. ↑ "Architecture", Prickett's Fort Memorial Foundation website (accessed April 13, 2010).
  7. ↑ "History of Prickett's Fort" (video) Prickett's Fort Memorial Foundation website. Native Americans did not usually raid during the winter, so white settlers felt safer at home during that time of year. In 1777, the fort was commanded by Captain William Haymond.
  8. 1 2 John Boback, PhD, at PrickettsFort.Blogspot (accessed April 13, 2010).
  9. ↑ Fairmont Times, June 23, 24, 25, 1919.
  10. ↑ Fairmont Times-West Virginian, February 25, 1973, April 1, 1973.
  11. ↑ Fairmont West Virginian, June 4, 1973; July 9, 1973.
  12. ↑ Prickett's Fort Memorial Foundation website.
  13. ↑ "History of Prickett's Fort" (video Prickett's Fort Memorial Foundation website (accessed April 13, 2010).
  14. ↑ Marion County (MCTrail) Rail Trail web page (accessed April 13, 2010).
  15. ↑ Mon River Trail web page, accessed April 10, 2010
  16. ↑ "A Guide To Accessible Recreation in West Virginia", WVU Center for Excellence in Disabilities web site Archived 2006-07-20 at the Wayback Machine (accessed July 31, 2006).
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