| Promephitis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Promephitis sp. skull from Batallones 3 (Spain) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Family: | Mephitidae |
| Genus: | Promephitis Gaudry, 1861 |
Promephitis is an extinct genus of mephitid, of which several species have been described from the Miocene and early Pliocene of Europe and Asia.
Characteristics
The fossil remains of the Promephitis species, like all members of the skunk family (Mephitidae), have a significant extension of epitympanic recess, a chamber of the middle ear, into the region of mastoid and squamous parts of the temporal bones. This extension is recognizable as an inflated bulge on the lateral wall of the skull over the mastoid.[1] In addition, skunks have specific characteristics of the teeth, especially the molars, which distinguish them from other carnivora. The genus Promephitis also shows a distinctive structure of the premolar tooth P4 as well as a very small P2, through which they are distinguishable from other genera.[2]
Distribution and temporal classification
Species of Promephitis ranged widely in Eurasia, and fossils have been found both in Europe and in Asia. They are classified in the late Tertiary, occurring in the middle to late Miocene and early Pliocene epochs less than 10 million years ago.[2]
Taxonomy
The genus and the type species Promephitis larteti were described in 1861 by Jean Albert Gaudry from a fossil found at Pikermi in Greece. Since the initial description up to 10 species have been named, but some have since been discarded. Early finds consisted mainly of teeth or fragments of jaw bones. In 2004 Wang & Qiu reported numerous well-preserved skull and skeleton finds from China and described two new species. Currently the following eleven species are recognised:[2]
| Skunks |
| ||||||||||||||||||
- Promephitis larteti Gaudry 1861
- P. maeotica Alexjew 1916
- P. alexjewi Schlosser 1924
- P. malustensis Simionescu 1930
- P. majori Pilgrim 1933
- P. hootoni Senyurek 1954
- P. pristinidens Petter 1963
- P. brevirostris Meladze 1967
- P. maxima He and Huang 1991
- P. qinensis Wang and Qiu 2004
- P. parvus Wang and Qiu 2004
Within the skunks, the species of the genus Promephitis have been likened to the two extant species of stink badger (Mydaus) from Southeast Asia.[3] Taken together, Promephitis and the stink badgers are probably the sister group of the fossil species Palaeomephitis steinheimensis,[3] the name applied to the oldest known species of skunks.[1] Within the recent genera, the stink badgers represent the earliest genus; the clade comprising them with Promephitis and Palaeomephitis is considered to be a sister group to all other skunks living today and other fossil forms.[3]
References
- 1 2 Mieczysław Wolsan (1999). "Oldest mephitine cranium and its implications for the origin of skunks" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 44 (2): 223–230.
- 1 2 3 Xiaoming Wang; Zhanxiang Qiu (2004). "Late Miocene Promephitis (Carnivora, Mephitidae) from China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24 (3): 721–731. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0721:LMPCMF]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 21714530.
- 1 2 3 Mikko Haaramo (7 October 2007). "Mustelidae: Mephitinae". Mikko’s Phylogeny Archive. Archived from the original on 2017-01-14. Retrieved 12 November 2017.