Proto-Abazgi
Proto-Abkhaz-Abaza
Reconstruction ofAbazgi languages
Reconstructed
ancestor

Proto-Abkhaz-Abaza (or Proto-Abazgi) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Abkhaz and Abaza languages.

Phonology

Consonants

The consonant system is reconstructed with a four-way phonation contrast in stops and affricates, and a two-way contrast in fricatives.

Below is the table of Proto-Abazgi Alphabet :

ProtoAbkhazCyrillicAbaza
BzybAbzhuiTapant
*pԤ ԥp
*bbБ бb
*pʼП п
*ffФ фf
*wwУ уw
*mmМ мm
*ttҬ ҭt
*ddД дd
*tʼТ т
*rrР рr
*llЛ лl
*nnН нn
*tʷҬә ҭәtʃʷ
*dʷДә дәdʒʷ
*tstsʰЦ цts
*dzdzӠ ӡdz
*tsʼtsʼҴ ҵtsʼ
*ssС сs
*zzЗ зz
*tśts(~s)Ц цts(~s)
*dźdz(~z)Ӡ ӡdz(~z)
*tśˀtśˀtsˀҴ ҵtsˀ
śsС сs
źzЗ зz
*tśʰʷtśs˞ʰʈʂʰtʃʰʷ
*dzʷdz˞ɖʐʒʷ
*tsʷˀts˞ˀʈʂˀtʃʷˀ
*sʷʂʃʷ
*zʷʐʒʷ
*tʃ
*dʒ
*tʃˀtʃˀtʃˀ
ʃʃ
ʒʒ
*tɕ
*dʑ
*tɕˀtɕˀtɕˀ
ɕɕ
ʑʑ
*jjj
*fʰVtsʰVtsʰ
*dzVvVvdz
*tsˀVfˀVtsˀ
*ʃʷʂʃʷ
*ʒʷʐʒʷ
*kkk
ɡɡ
*kˀ
χχ
ʁʁ
*kʲ
*ɡʲɡʲɡʲ
*kʲˀkʲˀkʲˀ
*χʲχʲχʲ
*ʁʲʁʲʁʲ
*kʷ
*ɡʷɡʷɡʷ
*kʷˀkʷˀkʷˀ
*χʷχʷχʷ
*ʁʷʁʷʁʷ
*qʰχˤχ
*qˀ
*qʲˀqʲˀqʲˀ
*qʷχˤʷ
*qʷˀqʷˀqʷˀ
*qˀ
ħħ
ɑɑʕ
*ħʷħʷħʷ
*ʕʷɥʕʷ
  1. In some Abaza dialects the velar consonants turned to uvular consonants.

The most noticeable changes are:

Grammar

EnglishProto-AbazgiAbkhaz (Bzyb)AbkhazAbaza
quailač́aáč́aač́a
wordazʷaážaáž̌aažʷa
enemyaɣaa-ʁáaʁa
snakematǝmatǝá-mat
cheeseašʷǝáš̌áš̌ašʷǝ
EnglishProto-AbazgiAbkhaz (Bzyb)Abkhaz (Abzhui)Abaza (Tapant)
1za-kʼəa-kʼəza-kʼə
2ʕʷ-baɥ-baʕʷ-ba
3χ-baχ-baχ-ba
4pɕ-bapɕ-bapɕ-ba
5χʷ-baxʷ-baχʷ-baχʷ-ba
6f-bat͡s-ba
7bəʑ-babəʑ-babəʑ-ba
8aʕ-baaa-baaʕ-ba
9*ʑʷ-baʑʷ-baʒʷ-ba
10*ʑʷa-baʑʷa-baʒʷa-ba
11ʑʷaj-zaʒʷəj-z
12ʑʷaj-ɥaʒʷə-ʕʷ
13ʑʷa-xaʒʷa-χ
14ʑʷaj-pɕʒʷəj-pɕ
15ʑʷa-xʷʒʷə-χʷ
16ʑʷa-fʒʷaj-t͡s
17*ʑʷaj-bəʑ̩ʑʷaj-bəʑ̩ʒʷaj-bəʑ̩
18*ʑʷ-ʕʑʷ-aaʒʷa-ʕ
19*ʒʷaj-ʑʷʒʷaj-ʑʷʒʷaj-ʒʷ
20*ʕʷa-ʑʷaɥa-ʑʷaʕʷa-ʒʷa
100ɕʷ-kʼəʃʷ-kʼə
1000z-kʲəz-kʲəz-kʲə

See also

References

  • STAROSTIN, Sergei A.; NIKOLAYEV, Sergei L. (1994). A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary: Preface.


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