Provencher
Manitoba electoral district
Provencher in relation to other Manitoba federal electoral districts as of the 2013 Representation Order.
Federal electoral district
LegislatureHouse of Commons
MP
 
 		 
Ted Falk
Conservative
District created1871
First contested1871
Last contested2021
District webpageprofile, map
Demographics
Population (2011)[1]88,640
Electors (2015)63,356
Area (km²)[1]18,773
Pop. density (per km²)4.7
Census division(s)Division No. 1, Division No. 2, Division No. 3, Division No. 12, Division No. 19
Census subdivision(s)Alexander, Buffalo Point 36, De Salaberry, Division No. 1, Unorganized, Division No. 19, Unorganized, Emerson – Franklin, Hanover, La Broquerie, Lac du Bonet (RM), Lac du Bonnet (town), Montcalm, Morris (town), Morris (RM), Niverville, Pinawa, Piney, Powerview-Pine Falls, Reynolds, Ritchot, Roseau River 2, Roseau Rapids 2A, Shoal Lake (Part) 40, Springfield, Ste. Anne (RM), Ste. Anne (town), Steinbach, St-Pierre-Jolys, Stuartburn, Taché

Provencher is a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1871. It is a largely rural constituency in the province's southeast corner. Its largest community is the city of Steinbach, which makes up 15% of the riding's total population.

Geography

The district is in the most southeastern part of Manitoba.

Demographics

Panethnic groups in Provencher (2011−2021)
Panethnic group 2021[2] 2016[3] 2011[4]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[lower-alpha 1] 85,500 79.74% 81,390 83.15% 74,400 86.03%
Indigenous 15,825 14.76% 12,560 12.83% 10,140 11.73%
Southeast Asian[lower-alpha 2] 2,415 2.25% 1,775 1.81% 845 0.98%
African 1,185 1.11% 830 0.85% 430 0.5%
South Asian 935 0.87% 410 0.42% 195 0.23%
Latin American 485 0.45% 240 0.25% 175 0.2%
East Asian[lower-alpha 3] 345 0.32% 345 0.35% 170 0.2%
Middle Eastern[lower-alpha 4] 170 0.16% 115 0.12% 0 0%
Other/multiracial[lower-alpha 5] 365 0.34% 225 0.23% 120 0.14%
Total responses 107,220 97.97% 97,880 97.93% 86,480 97.56%
Total population 109,445 100% 99,946 100% 88,640 100%
Notes: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.
Demographics based on 2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution riding boundaries.
According to the Canada 2011 Census

Languages: 67.7% English, 17.3% German, 10.5% French, 1.2% Russian, 1.1% Ukrainian
Religions: 79.6% Christian (35.8% "Other Christian", 23.6% Catholic, 6.3% United Church, 4.8% Lutheran, 2.5% Anglican, 2.2% Baptist), 19.5% None.
Median income: $29,184 (2010)[5]
Average income: $36,186 (2010) [5]

History

The electoral district was created in 1871, and was one of the four original ridings allocated to Manitoba when it joined the Canadian Confederation in 1870. It is notable for being the riding that elected Louis Riel to the House of Commons as an independent.

Through its history the riding has alternated between representation by the Liberals and Progressive Conservatives (or Conservative Party of Canada).

This riding lost territory to Selkirk—Interlake—Eastman and Portage—Lisgar, and gained territory from Selkirk—Interlake during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Members of Parliament

This riding has elected the following Members of Parliament:

Parliament Years Member Party
Provencher
1st  1871–1872     Pierre Delorme Conservative
2nd  1872–1873     George-Étienne Cartier Liberal–Conservative
 1873–1874     Louis Riel Independent
3rd  1874–1875
 1875–1878     Andrew Bannatyne Liberal
4th  1878–1879     Joseph Dubuc Conservative
 1879–1882 Joseph Royal
5th  1882–1887
6th  1887–1889
 1889–1891 Alphonse Alfred Clément Larivière
7th  1891–1896
8th  1896–1900
9th  1900–1904
10th  1904–1908     Joseph Ernest Cyr Liberal
11th  1908–1911 John Patrick Molloy
12th  1911–1917
13th  1917–1921
14th  1921–1925     Arthur-Lucien Beaubien Progressive
15th  1925–1926
16th  1926–1930     Liberal–Progressive
17th  1930–1935
18th  1935–1940     Liberal
19th  1940–1945 René Jutras
20th  1945–1949
21st  1949–1953
22nd  1953–1957
23rd  1957–1958     Warner Jorgenson Progressive Conservative
24th  1958–1962
25th  1962–1963
26th  1963–1965
27th  1965–1968
28th  1968–1972     Mark Smerchanski Liberal
29th  1972–1974     Jake Epp Progressive Conservative
30th  1974–1979
31st  1979–1980
32nd  1980–1984
33rd  1984–1988
34th  1988–1993
35th  1993–1997     David Iftody Liberal
36th  1997–2000
37th  2000–2003     Vic Toews Alliance
 2003–2004     Conservative
38th  2004–2006
39th  2006–2008
40th  2008–2011
41st  2011–2013
 2013–2015 Ted Falk
42nd  2015–2019
43rd  2019–2021
44th  2021–present

Election results

Graph of election results in Provencher (since 1945, minor parties that never got 2% of the vote or didn't run consistently are omitted)
2021 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
ConservativeTed Falk24,29448.7-17.2$83,776.96
LiberalTrevor Kirczenow8,47217.0+3.9$25,158.99
People'sNöel Gautron8,16816.4+14.2$24,179.71
New DemocraticSerina Pottinger6,27012.6-0.2$0.00
IndependentRick Loewen1,3662.7N/A$0.00
GreenJanine G. Gibson1,2722.6-3.4$1,596.00
Total valid votes/expense limit 49,90199.5–$117,118.32
Total rejected ballots 3550.5
Turnout 50,15667.4
Eligible voters 74,468
Conservative hold Swing -10.6
Source: Elections Canada[6]
2019 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
ConservativeTed Falk31,82165.9+9.84$91,792.89
LiberalTrevor Kirczenow6,34713.1-21.56$13,417.34
New DemocraticErin McGee6,18712.8+7.50none listed
GreenJanine G. Gibson2,8846.0+2.02none listed
People'sWayne Sturby1,0662.2none listed
Total valid votes/expense limit 48,305100.0
Total rejected ballots 322
Turnout 48,62770.5
Eligible voters 68,979
Conservative hold Swing +7.85
Source: Elections Canada[7][8]
2015 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
ConservativeTed Falk25,08656.06-14.30$116,699.56
LiberalTerry Hayward15,50934.66+27.93$28,135.06
New DemocraticLes Lilley2,3715.30-12.87$4,287.04
GreenJeff Wheeldon1,7793.98+1.01$6,485.90
Total valid votes/expense limit 44,745100.00 $216,321.86
Total rejected ballots 1690.38
Turnout 44,91469.53
Eligible voters 64,598
Conservative hold Swing -21.11
Source: Elections Canada[9][10]
Canadian federal by-election, November 25, 2013
Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
ConservativeTed Falk13,04658.20−12.40$ 83,542.19
LiberalTerry Hayward6,71129.94+23.2366,455.27
New DemocraticNatalie Courcelles Beaudry1,8438.22−9.6717,878.16
GreenJanine Gibson8173.64+0.691,074.97
Total valid votes/expense limit 22,417 100.0   –   $ 97,453.98
Total rejected ballots 136 0.60 +0.17
Turnout 22,553 33.85 −27.88
Eligible voters 66,624    
Conservative hold Swing −17.86
By-election due to the resignation of Vic Toews.
Source(s)
"November 25, 2013 By-elections". Elections Canada. November 26, 2013. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
"November 25, 2013 By-election – Financial Reports". Retrieved October 29, 2014.

Minister of Public Safety Vic Toews resigned from cabinet and as an MP, effective 9 July 2013, to spend more time with his family and join the private sector.[11]

2011 federal election redistributed results[12]
Party Vote  %
  Conservative24,62870.36
  New Democratic6,35818.16
  Liberal2,3556.73
  Green1,0392.97
  Others6231.78
2011 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
ConservativeVic Toews27,82070.60+5.95$70,719.84
New DemocraticAl Mackling7,05117.89+4.17$14,274.04
LiberalTerry Hayward2,6456.71-5.86$25,938.56
GreenJanine Gibson1,1642.95-2.84$210.00
Christian HeritageDavid Reimer5101.29-1.95$8,372.94
PirateRic Lim[13]2150.55– $393.24
Total valid votes/expense limit 39,405 100.0   –   $ 90,198.71
Total rejected ballots 169 0.43 -0.00
Turnout 39,574 61.73 +5.63
Eligible voters 64,104    
Conservative hold Swing +0.89
2008 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
ConservativeVic Toews23,30364.65-1.03$67,419
New DemocraticRoss Martin4,94713.72+0.01$6,406
LiberalShirley Hiebert4,53112.57-3.27$16,369
GreenJanine Gibson2,0895.79+1.02$1,093
Christian HeritageDavid Reimer1,1703.24–$10,130
Total valid votes/expense limit 36,040 100.0   –   $87,213
Total rejected ballots 156 0.43+0.02
Turnout 36,19658.01 -7.04
2006 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
ConservativeVic Toews25,19965.68+2.66$40,862.19
LiberalWes Penner6,07715.84−9.08$75,239.46
New DemocraticPatrick O'Connor5,25913.71+4.70$2,266.71
GreenJanine Gibson1,8304.77+1.72$87.31
Total valid votes 38,365 100.00
Total rejected ballots 157 0.41 −0.02
Turnout 38,522 65.05 +5.38
Electors on the lists 59,216
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.
2004 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
ConservativeVic Toews22,69463.02+4.99$70,851.00
LiberalPeter Epp8,97524.92−10.94$64,895.23
New DemocraticSarah Zaharia3,2449.01+2.90$1,472.79
GreenJanine Gibson1,1003.05–$480.59
Total valid votes 36,013 100.00
Total rejected ballots 155 0.43 +0.07
Turnout 36,168 59.67 −10.36
Electors on the lists 60,617
Percentage change figures are factored for redistribution. Conservative Party percentages are contrasted with the combined Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative percentages from 2000.
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.

Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

2000 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
AllianceVic Toews21,35852.76+17.68$65,896.75
LiberalDavid Iftody14,41935.62−4.38$60,917.43
Progressive ConservativeHenry C. Dyck2,7266.73−9.59$7,780.05
New DemocraticPeter Hiebert1,9804.89−3.71$210.45
Total valid votes 40,483 100.00
Total rejected ballots 148 0.36 −0.10
Turnout 40,631 70.03 +5.09
Electors on the lists 58,020
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.

Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.

1997 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
LiberalDavid Iftody14,59540.00−0.82$61,072
ReformLarry Tardiff12,79835.08−2.09$42,111
Progressive ConservativeClare Braun5,95516.32+5.43$60,432
New DemocraticMartha Wiebe Owen3,1378.60+1.62$1,793
Total valid votes 36,485 100.00
Total rejected ballots 170 0.46 +0.13
Turnout 36,655 64.94 −5.61
Electors on the lists 56,442
Percentage change figures are factored for redistribution.
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.
1993 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
LiberalDavid Iftody16,11944.04+11.5$42,045
ReformDean Whiteway13,46336.78+33.1$49,513
Progressive ConservativeKelly Clark3,76510.29−45.2$48,359
New DemocraticMartha Wiebe Owen1,8184.97−2.3$7,277
NationalWes Penner1,2123.3$23,719
Natural LawCorrine Ayotte1570.43+0.1$12
Canada PartyTed Bezan690.19–$0
Total valid votes 36,603 100.00
Total rejected ballots 126 0.34 +0.0
Turnout 36,729 69.52 −1.4
Electors on the lists 52,835
Source: Thirty-fifth General Election, 1993: Official Voting Results, Published by the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada. Financial figures taken from official contributions and expenses provided by Elections Canada.
1988 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeJake Epp19,00055.5−2.7
LiberalWes Penner11,12132.5+12.4
New DemocraticMary Sabovitch2,4907.3−6.8
ReformLawrence Feilberg1,2463.6–
Confederation of RegionsJohn Wiebe3571.0−5.8
Total valid votes 34,214 100.0
Total rejected ballots 106 0.3
Turnout 34,320 70.9
Electors on the lists 48,385
1984 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeJake Epp20,07758.3+13.3
New DemocraticRon Buzahora6,94120.1-8.3
LiberalWally Rempel4,85914.1-11.2
Confederation of RegionsRon Bowers2,3476.8–
LibertarianDonald Ives2320.7–
Total valid votes 34,456100.0
1980 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeJake Epp14,67744.9-6.7
New DemocraticRichard Rattai9,28128.4+2.7
LiberalClare Cremer8,27125.3+2.7
RhinocerosLawrence Feilberg4331.3–
Total valid votes 32,662100.0
1979 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeJake Epp17,03051.7-3.1
New DemocraticRichard C. Greenway8,47325.7+5.7
LiberalHoward Loewen7,45922.6-0.1
Total valid votes 32,962 100.0
1974 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeJake Epp13,40554.8+9.4
LiberalTom Copeland5,55822.7-3.4
New DemocraticJack Feely4,90720.0-5.3
Social CreditJake Wall6132.5-0.7
Total valid votes 24,483 100.0
1972 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeJake Epp11,26245.3+9.4
LiberalMark Smerchanski6,48926.1-15.5
New DemocraticAlf Chorney6,30425.4+11.2
Social CreditJake Wall7843.2-5.0
Total valid votes 24,839 100.0
1968 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalMark Smerchanski9,02141.6+2.7
Progressive ConservativeWarner Jorgenson7,79136.0-12.1
New DemocraticHarry Blake-Knox3,07814.2+10.2
Social CreditLorne Reznowski1,7738.2-0.7
Total valid votes 21,663 100.0
1965 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeWarner Jorgenson6,47048.1+2.0
LiberalGordon Barkman5,24339.0+2.3
Social CreditWilbert J. Tinkler1,1958.9-8.3
New DemocraticFrancis Clement Anderson5424.0–
Total valid votes 13,450 100.0
1963 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeWarner Jorgenson6,72946.1+2.6
LiberalStan C. Roberts5,35136.7-0.4
Social CreditElie J. Dorge2,51217.2-0.3
Total valid votes 14,592 100.0
1962 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeWarner Jorgenson6,21443.5-11.0
LiberalStan C. Roberts5,29037.1+2.4
Social CreditJohn P. Loewen2,50417.5+8.6
New DemocraticPeter Kruszelnicki2631.80.0
Total valid votes 14,271100.0

Note: NDP vote is compared to CCF vote in 1958 election.

1958 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeWarner Jorgenson8,27854.5+19.3
LiberalRené Préfontaine5,26834.7+1.3
Social CreditWilbert James Tinkler1,3639.0-20.7
Co-operative CommonwealthJacob John Siemens2811.80.0
Total valid votes 15,190100.0
1957 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeWarner Jorgenson4,73935.2+13.8
LiberalRené Jutras4,48933.3-32.6
Social CreditHugh M. Campbell3,99229.6+17.0
Co-operative CommonwealthCharles Biesick2461.8–
Total valid votes 13,466100.0
1953 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalRené Jutras6,63266.0+2.9
Progressive ConservativeAbram J. Thiessen2,15121.4–
Social CreditWilbert Tinkler1,26912.6–
Total valid votes 10,052100.0
1949 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalRené Jutras6,83463.0+23.3
IndependentBruce MacKenzie4,00837.0–
Total valid votes 10,842100.0
1945 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalRené Jutras4,54139.7+8.9
IndependentLeo Arthur Slater2,22019.4-7.8
Social CreditPaul Prince1,94017.0+10.1
Co-operative CommonwealthAlexander Duncan Miller1,83816.1+9.2
Progressive ConservativeDalton Madill Boyd8947.8-4.0
Total valid votes 11,433100.0

Note: Progressive Conservative vote is compared to "National Government" vote in 1940 election. Social Credit vote is compared to New Democracy vote in 1940 election.

1940 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalRené Jutras3,76830.8-31.9
IndependentLeo A. Slater3,32927.2–
IndependentHarry Matthew Podolsky1,76514.4–
National GovernmentWilliam Richard Johnston1,44111.8-25.5
New DemocracyAlbert Banville1,0999.0–
Co-operative CommonwealthÉvariste Rupert Gagnon8416.9–
Total valid votes 12,243100.0

Note: "National Government" vote is compared to Conservative vote in 1935 election.

1935 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalArthur-Lucien Beaubien6,30862.7+4.8
ConservativePhilippe Bourgeois3,75137.3+8.4
Total valid votes 10,059 100.0
1930 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%
Liberal–ProgressiveArthur-Lucien Beaubien4,56258.0
ConservativeJoseph-Arthur Belanger2,27428.9
Independent ConservativeWasyl Kobzar7159.1
LiberalAlexandre Ayotte3214.1
Total valid votes 7,872100.0
1926 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes
Liberal–ProgressiveArthur-Lucien Beaubienacclaimed
1925 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%
ProgressiveArthur-Lucien Beaubien2,73650.7
LiberalEdmond Comeault2,65649.3
Total valid votes 5,392 100.0
1921 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%
ProgressiveArthur-Lucien Beaubien[14]3,18947.0
LiberalJohn Patrick Molloy2,17732.0
IndependentAlbert Prefontaine1,42821.0
Total valid votes 6,794 100.0
1917 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Opposition (Laurier Liberals)John Patrick Molloy2,03552.4-1.0
Government (Unionist)John Robert Johns1,85047.61.0
Total valid votes 3,885100.0

Note: Unionist vote is compared to Conservative vote in 1911 election.

1911 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalJohn Patrick Molloy3,04953.3-1.3
ConservativeJoseph Alfred Féréol Bleau2,66846.7+1.3
Total valid votes 5,717100.0
1908 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalJohn Patrick Molloy2,71954.6+4.5
ConservativeAlphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière2,25945.4-4.5
Total valid votes 4,978 100.0
1904 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalJoseph-Ernest Cyr1,89650.1+0.9
ConservativeAlphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière1,88649.9-0.9
Total valid votes 3,782100.0
1900 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
ConservativeAlphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière1,52850.7-13.8
LiberalS.A.D. Bertrand1,48449.3+13.8
Total valid votes 3,012100.0
1896 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%
ConservativeAlphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière1,47664.6
LiberalGeorge Walton81035.4
Total valid votes 2,286100.0
1891 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes
ConservativeAlphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivièreacclaimed
Canadian federal by-election, 24 January 1889
Party Candidate Votes%±%
On Mr. Royal being appointed Lieutenant-Governor of the North West Territories
ConservativeAlphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière79748.3-9.8
UnknownRichard58335.4–
UnknownClarke26916.3–
Total valid votes 1,649100.0
1887 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%
ConservativeJoseph Royal1,08158.1
Independent LiberalJoseph Ernest Cyr77841.9
Total valid votes 1,859100.0
1882 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes
ConservativeJoseph Royalacclaimed
Canadian federal by-election, 30 December 1879
Party Candidate Votes%
ConservativeJoseph Royal65262.6
UnknownJohn Molloy26925.8
UnknownS. Hamelin12111.6
Total valid votes 1,042100.0
Called upon Mr. Dubuc being appointed Puisne Judge of the Court of Queen's Bench for Manitoba.
1878 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes
ConservativeJoseph Dubucacclaimed
By-election on 31 March 1875

On Mr. Riel being unseated and declared an outlaw, 25 February 1875

Party Candidate Votes
LiberalAndrew Bannatyneacclaimed
By-election on 3 September 1874

On Mr. Riel being expelled from the House of Commons, 16 April 1874

Party Candidate Votes
IndependentLouis Rielacclaimed
1874 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes%
IndependentLouis Riel19573.9
UnknownJ. Hamelin6926.1
Total valid votes 264100.0
By-election on 13 October 1873

On Sir George-Étienne Cartier's death, 20 May 1873

Party Candidate Votes
IndependentLouis Rielacclaimed
1872 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes
Liberal–ConservativeGeorge-Étienne Cartieracclaimed
Canadian federal by-election, 3 March 1871
Party Candidate Votes%
ConservativePierre Delorme17285.6
LiberalWilliam Dease2914.4
Total valid votes 201100.0
Called as a result of Manitoba joining Confederation, 15 July 1870.

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  2. ↑ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  3. ↑ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  4. ↑ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  5. ↑ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
  1. 1 2 Statistics Canada: 2012
  2. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
  3. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 27, 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
  4. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 27, 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
  5. 1 2 "NHS Profile, Provencher, Manitoba, 2011". Statistics Canada. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  6. ↑ "List of confirmed candidates – September 20, 2021 Federal Election". Elections Canada. Retrieved September 2, 2021.
  7. ↑ "List of confirmed candidates". Elections Canada. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  8. ↑ "Election Night Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  9. ↑ Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Provencher, 30 September 2015
  10. ↑ Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates
  11. ↑ Mas, Susana. "Vic Toews resigns ahead of cabinet shuffle". CBC News. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
  12. ↑ Pundits' Guide to Canadian Elections
  13. ↑ Pirate Party of Canada. "Candidates". Retrieved March 26, 2011.
  14. ↑ "Runs as Independent in Provencher Riding". Winnipeg Tribune. November 23, 1921. p. 17. Retrieved September 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.

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