Provisional Consultative Assembly
Assemblée consultative provisoire
Advisory council overview
Formed17 September 1943 (1943-09-17)
Preceding advisory council
  • Vichy National Council
Superseding agency
  • Constituent Assembly of 1945
President responsible
vice president responsible
  • André Hauriou
  • Albert Bosman (Van Wolput)
  • André Mercier
Parent departmentFrench Committee of National Liberation
Map of France with mark showing location of TITLE-LOCATION
Map of France with mark showing location of TITLE-LOCATION

The Provisional Consultative Assembly (French: Assemblée consultative provisoire) was a governmental organ of Free France that operated under the aegis of the French Committee of National Liberation (CFLN) and that represented the resistance movements, political parties, and territories that were engaged against Germany in the Second World War alongside the Allies.

Established by ordinance on 17 September 1943 by the CFLN, it held its first meetings in Algiers, at the Palais Carnot (the former headquarters of the Financial Delegations), between 3 November 1943 and 25 July 1944. On 3 June 1944, it was placed under the authority of the Provisional Government of the French Republic (GPRF), which succeeded the CFLN. Restructured and expanded after the liberation of France, it held sessions in Paris at the Palais du Luxembourg between 7 November 1944 and 3 August 1945.

Background

Charles de Gaulle speaking to a large group in a court-like room
Charles de Gaulle addresses the first session of the Provisional Consultative Assembly in Algiers on 3 November 1943.

In North Africa, where most of the population had been gained at the expense of Pétain and Vichy and where the administration, the army, the censors and the press were full of Pétainists, Charles de Gaulle and the French Committee of National Liberation were frequently challenged by Anglo-Saxon diplomats about their legitimacy as local representatives.

Consequently, it was deemed important to nourish in the colonies the anti-Vichy sentiment which was stifled in France: hostility to the German occupiers and their collaborators. It was necessary to bring out representatives of the resistance and all parties and unions uncompromised by collaborationism.[1][2][3][4]

Representative body

In order to ensure the best possible representation of the French people, four categories of members were assigned as delegates to the Consultative Assembly: delegates from the Resistance in metropolitan France, from the overseas Resistance, from the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, and from the General Councils of territories of Free France (Algeria and overseas territories). Their numbers were modified over the course of the sessions. The ordinance of 6 December 1943, increased the delegation from 84 to 102 representatives. Lists and directories drawn up according to the minutes of the Assembly[2][1] registered deaths, as well as new or departing members, which makes it difficult to ascertain the exact number of delegates present[5] in Algiers until July 1944.

After the Provisional Government (GPFR) was transferred to Paris, the number of delegates and the composition of the Consultative Assembly were profoundly modified, in an ordinance of 11 October 1944.[lower-alpha 1] By an ordinance of 11 October 1944, the number of delegates was fixed at 248; they were seated from 7 November 1944. The ordinance of 22 June 1945 added a fifth category of membership, reserved for prisoners and deportees returning from Germany: 47 members were appointed in July. They were seated for only a short time, the provisional assembly breaking up on 3 August 1945 to make way for the institutional process of electing constituent deputies. At that point the assembly had 295 members.[lower-alpha 2]

Portfolio

Legislative

  • Consultations at the initiative of the French Committee of National Liberation (CFLN):
    • The CFLN was required to consult the Assembly on its draft ordinances.
    • The opinions of the Assembly had to be mentioned in the references of the adopted texts.
  • Consultations at the initiative of the Assembly (Opinions)
    • The opinions initiated by the assembly, by 2/3 of its members, were to be mentioned in the references of the reform proposals addressed to the CFLN.

Political

During the interventions of the commissioners (ministers) before the Assembly, it was possible for Assembly members to question and challenge them. In this way, the Assembly created a political pressure center on the committee. Thus, even though it was composed of appointed members and was purely consultative, the assembly demonstrated great independence, as well as a strong capacity for criticism and pressure on the CFLN.

Entry into service

The Consultative Assembly held its first session at the Palais Carnot in Algiers on 3 November 1943. The first consequence of its inauguration was a reconstitution of the French National Liberation Committee (CFLN) on 9 November 1943, taking into account the distribution of the different groups in the Assembly, and also without General Henri Giraud, whose co-presidency of the CFLN had been abolished by an order of 2 October 1943. General de Gaulle was thus in sole control. In this capacity, he addressed the inaugural session of the Assembly.[5]: 100–102 [6]

Reestablishment of democratic principles

In his speech, de Gaulle gave the body his imprimatur, as providing a means of representing the people of France as democratically and legally as possible under difficult and unparalleled circumstances, until such time as democracy could once again be restored:[6][5]: 100–102 

It would be futile, in the unprecedented circumstances in which the country finds itself at present, to seek a historical precedent for the creation of the Consultative Assembly, or legislative texts that could provide it with a strictly legal basis. The invasion and occupation destroyed the institutions that France had established for itself. That is why, although democracy can only be restored in its rights and forms in a liberated France, the Committee of National Liberation deemed it necessary, as soon as events permitted, to give to the provisional public authority as democratic a character as possible by calling for a Consultative Assembly to inform and support it, where representatives of the National Resistance stand side by side with elected representatives of the people, all with a qualified mandate.

— Charles de Gaulle, speech to Consultative Assembly, Algiers (3 November 1943)[6]

As an indication of the importance he attached to it, de Gaulle participated in about twenty sessions of the Consultative Assembly in Algiers. On 26 June 1944, he came to report on the military situation after the D-Day landings, and on 25 July, he was present at its last session on African soil before its move to Paris.[5]: 100–102 

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ According to Emmanuel Choisnel, 60% of the delegates present in Algiers were seated in Paris.
  2. ↑ For the composition of the assembly and modifications see Choisnel (2007);[5]: 139, 157  for the list of delegates and their portfolio, see pp. 391-398.

Citations

  1. 1 2 Gouriou, Anne-Marie; Salmon, Roseline. "Annexe du répertoire, Assemblée consultative provisoire (Alger)" [Appendix to the Directory, Provisional Consultative Assembly (Algiers)] (PDF) (in French).
  2. 1 2 "Annexe du répertoire, Assemblée consultative provisoire (Paris)" [Appendix to the Directory, Provisional Consultative Assembly (Paris)] (PDF) (in French). Paris: Archives nationales [National Archives]. 2008.
  3. ↑ Journal officiel du 17 juillet 1945, liste des délégués présentés
  4. ↑ Werth, Alexander (1966). France, 1940-1955. Beacon Press.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Emmanuel Choisnel (2007). L'Assemblée consultative provisoire (1943-1945) Le sursaut républicain [The Provisional Consultative Assembly (1943-1945) The Republican Leap] (in French). Harmattan. p. 80. ISBN 978-2-296-03898-1. OCLC 301791978. En fait les 49 sièges dévolus à la résistance intérieure ne furent jamais intégralement pourvus [In fact, the 49 seats allocated to the internal resistance were never fully filled] Note: The author puts the number of those present in Algiers at around 30.
  6. 1 2 3 de Gaulle, Charles (7 November 1993). "DATES IL Y A CINQUANTE ANS L'Assemblée consultative provisoire se réunissait à Alger" [Fifty Years Ago: The Provisional Consultative Assembly meets in Algiers]. Le Monde (in French). Paris. Retrieved 5 February 2021.

Further reading

  • Broche, François; Caïtucoli, Georges; Muracciole, Jean-François; Jean-François Sirinelli (2010). Dictionnaire de la France libre. Bouquins (in French). Paris: Robert Laffont. ISBN 978-2-221-11202-1..
  • Cartier, Emmanuel; Verpeaux, Michel (2005). La transition constitutionnelle en France (1940-1945) : la reconstruction révolutionnaire d'un ordre juridique " républicain ". Bibliothèque constitutionnelle et de science politique, 126 (in French). Paris: LGDJ. ISBN 978-2-275-02674-9..
  • Emmanuel Choisnel, L'Assemblée consultative provisoire (1943-1945) Le sursaut républicain, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2007. 418 p. ISBN 978-2-296-03898-1
  • Michèle Cointet, Histoire des 16. Les premières femmes parlementaires en France, Fayard, 2017. 211 p. ISBN 978-2-213-70515-6
  • de Gaulle, Charles (1967). The Complete War Memoirs: Mémoires de Guerre of Charles de Gaulle. New York: Simon and Schuster. OCLC 460464678.
  • Grenier, Fernand (1959). C'était ainsi: souvenirs (in French). Éditions sociales. OCLC 963364429.

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