Raj Kapoor
Raj Kapoor in Anari (1959)
Born
Shrishti Nath Kapoor[1]

(1924-12-14)14 December 1924
Peshawar, North-West Frontier Province, British India (present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
Died2 June 1988(1988-06-02) (aged 63)
New Delhi, Delhi, India
Other namesThe First Showman of Bollywood, The Greatest Show Man of Indian Cinema, Charlie Chaplin of Indian Cinema, Raj Sahab[lower-alpha 1]
Education
Occupations
Years active1935–1988
OrganizationR. K. Studio
WorksFull list
Spouse
Krishna Malhotra
​
(m. 1946)​
Children5, including Randhir, Ritu, Rishi, and Rajiv[2]
Parent
FamilyKapoor family
AwardsFull list
Honours
Signature
Raj Kapoor signature.svg

Raj Kapoor (pronounced [raːdʒ kəˈpuːɾ]; born Shrishti Nath Kapoor;[1] 14 December 1924 – 2 June 1988), also known as Ranbir Raj Kapoor,[3] was an Indian actor, film director and producer, who worked in Hindi cinema.[4] He is considered one of the greatest and most influential actors and filmmakers in the history of Indian cinema,[5] and has been referred to as The Greatest Showman of Indian Cinema[6] and as the Charlie Chaplin of Indian Cinema.[7][8][9][10]

Born in Peshawar as the son of Prithviraj Kapoor of the Kapoor family, Raj Kapoor starred in and produced many films for which he received multiple accolades, including three National Film Awards and 11 Filmfare Awards in India. He was inspired by Charlie Chaplin and played characters based on The Tramp in films such as Awaara (1951) and Shree 420 (1955).[11][12] His performance in Awaara was ranked as one of the "Top-Ten Greatest Performances of All Time in World Cinema" by Time magazine in 2005;[13] both that and his other produced films Awara (1951) Boot Polish (1954) competed for the Palme d'Or prize at the Cannes Film Festival in 1951 and 1955's editions respectively.[upper-alpha 1][15]

His films were global commercial successes in parts of Asia, the Middle East, the Caribbean, Africa and the Soviet bloc.[16] The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1971 for his contributions to the arts.[17] India's highest award in cinema, the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, was bestowed to him in 1987 by the Government of India.

Early life and background

Raj Kapoor was born as Shrishti Nath Kapoor on 14 December 1924 at Kapoor Haveli, a large house then owned by his grandfather in the Qissa Khwani Bazaar neighborhood of Peshawar, British India into a Punjabi Hindu family[18] of the Kapoor clan, who belonged to the Dhai Ghar Khatri community. His parents were Prithviraj Kapoor and Ramsarni Devi Kapoor (née Mehra). The Kapoor family hailed originally from Samundri, Samundri Tehsil, Lyallpur District, Punjab Province, British India.[19] He was the eldest sibling of six children in the family.[20][21] He was the grandson of Dewan Basheshwarnath Kapoor, great-grandson of Dewan Keshavmal Kapoor, and great-great-grandson of Dewan Murli Mal Kapoor, and was part of the famous Kapoor family. His brothers were the late actors Shammi Kapoor and Shashi Kapoor. He also had a sister named Urmila Sial. Two other siblings died in infancy. Kapoor's family later on moved from Peshawar, North-West Frontier Province to Bombay, Bombay Presidency for residence and for education. He is the nephew of actor Trilok Kapoor, who is the younger brother of his father Prithviraj Kapoor. His first cousin was actor Subbiraj who was his father's sister's son. His father's cousin was film producer Surinder Kapoor, whose children are producer Boney Kapoor and actors Anil Kapoor and Sanjay Kapoor.[22] His father's maternal first cousins were actors Kamal Kapoor, Ravindra Kapoor, and Nandkishore Kapoor. Kamal Kapoor's grandson is filmmaker Goldie Behl. His maternal first cousin, Juggal Kishore Mehra, was a singer, whose step-granddaughter, Salma Agha, later became an actress and singer.

As Prithviraj moved from city to city early in his career during the 1930s, the family had to move too. Raj Kapoor attended several different schools like Colonel Brown Cambridge School in Dehradun, St Xavier's Collegiate School in Calcutta[23] and Campion School in Bombay.[24]

Career

At the age of ten, he appeared in a Hindi film for the first time, in 1935's Inquilab. Raj Kapoor's big break came with the lead role in Neel Kamal (1947) opposite Madhubala in her first role as a leading lady. In 1948, at the age of twenty-four, he established his own studio, R. K. Films, and became the youngest film director of his time making his directorial debut with Aag starring himself, Nargis, Kamini Kaushal and Premnath. In 1949, he co-starred alongside Dilip Kumar and Nargis in Mehboob Khan's Andaz which was his first big hit as an actor.[25] The same year, he had another major blockbuster Barsaat which he also directed and produced.[26] The success of these two films established him as one of the leading male stars of the time.[27]

He went on to produce and star in several hit films made under his R. K. Banner including Awaara (1951), Shree 420 (1955) and Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai (1960), the last was directed by Radhu Karmakar, his longtime cinematographer, and which won the Filmfare Award for Best Film.[28] These films established his screen image modeled on Charlie Chaplin's most famous screen persona of The Tramp.[29] Outside of his home productions, his other notable films as a leading actor included Sargam (1950), Dastan (1950), Anhonee (1952), Chori Chori (1956), Phir Subah Hogi (1958), Parvarish (1958), Anari (1959) and Chhalia (1960). He also produced the hit social films Boot Polish (1954) and Ab Dilli Door Nahin (1957).[30]

In 1964, he produced, directed and starred in the romantic musical Sangam alongside Rajendra Kumar and Vyjayanthimala which was his first film in colour. This was his last major success as a leading actor as his later films like Around the World (1966) and Sapnon Ka Saudagar (1968) with younger starlets Rajshree and Hema Malini were box office flops. In 1965 he was a member of the jury at the 4th Moscow International Film Festival.[31]

In 1970, he produced, directed and starred in his ambitious film Mera Naam Joker which took more than six years to complete. His son Rishi Kapoor made his debut in this film playing the younger version of his character. When released in 1970, it was a box office disaster and put Kapoor and his family into a financial crisis.[32] In later years it was acknowledged as a cult classic.[33] In 1971, he launched his eldest son Randhir Kapoor in the family drama Kal Aaj Aur Kal starring himself, his son Randhir, his father Prithviraj Kapoor as well as Randhir's to-be wife Babita. He launched his second son Rishi Kapoor's career in 1973 when he produced and directed Bobby which was a huge box office success and introduced actress Dimple Kapadia, later a very popular actress; it was the first of a new generation of teen romances. Dimple wore bikinis which was quite unique for Indian films then. In 1975 he acted alongside his son Randhir again in Dharam Karam, which Randhir also directed.

In the latter half of the 1970s and early 1980s he produced and directed films that focused on the female protagonists: Satyam Shivam Sundaram (1978) with Zeenat Aman, Prem Rog (1982) with Padmini Kolhapure and Ram Teri Ganga Maili (1985) which introduced Mandakini. He acted in fewer films by the late 1970s and early 1980s but played a notable supporting role alongside Rajesh Khanna in Naukri (1978) and as the titular character alongside Sanjay Khan in Abdullah (1980). He played a detective in two comedy films: Do Jasoos (1975) and Gopichand Jasoos (1982), both directed by Naresh Kumar (brother of Rajendra Kumar). In 1979 he was a member of the jury at the 11th Moscow International Film Festival.[34] Raj Kapoor's last major film appearance was in Vakil Babu (1982) where he appeared with his younger brother Shashi. A film he had shot and completed in 1982 titled Chor Mandali in which he appeared opposite fellow veteran actor Ashok Kumar remained unreleased due to a legal dispute.[35] His last acting role was a cameo appearance in a 1984 released British made-for-television film titled Kim.

He was set to direct Henna starring his son Rishi and Pakistani actress Zeba Bakhtiar before his death in 1988. His son Randhir directed the film and it released in 1991.

Personal life

On 12 May 1946, Raj Kapoor married Krishna Malhotra. Krishna was one of nine siblings, and following her marriage, many of them joined the Hindi film industry. Her brothers, Rajendra Nath, Prem Nath and Narendra Nath, later became actors, and her sister Uma is married to actor Prem Chopra.[36]

Kapoor with his wife Krishna

Raj and Krishna Kapoor had five children: three sons, actors Randhir Kapoor (1947–), Rishi Kapoor (1952–2020) and Rajiv Kapoor (1962–2021), and two daughters, Ritu Nanda (1949–2020) and Rima Jain (1955–). Randhir is married to former actress Babita and is the father of actresses Karishma Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor. Rishi was married to former actress Neetu Singh until his death and is father of two children, a daughter Riddhima Kapoor, and a son, actor Ranbir Kapoor. Raj Kapoor's elder daughter, Ritu Nanda, was married to industrialist Rajan Nanda (scion of the family which promoted and controls the Escorts group), and they had two children: daughter Nitasha Nanda and son, Nikhil Nanda, married to Shweta, daughter of actors Amitabh Bachchan and Jaya Bachchan. Raj Kapoor's younger daughter, Rima Jain, is married to investment banker Manoj Jain and is the mother of Armaan Jain and Aadar Jain.

Both of Kapoor's brothers, all three of Kapoor's sons, two of Kapoor's daughters-in-law and three of Kapoor's grandchildren have been active at various times in the film industry. His granddaughters Karisma Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor (daughters of Kapoor's eldest son Randhir), and grandson Ranbir Kapoor (son of Kapoor's second son Rishi) are the latest Bollywood superstars from the Kapoor family, while another of his grandsons, Nikhil Nanda (Kapoor's daughter Ritu's son), is a noted industrialist.

Kapoor had a longtime romantic relationship with renowned actress Nargis Dutt during the 1940s and 1950s, despite being a married man, although neither ever publicly admitted to this.[37] The couple starred in several films together, including Awaara and Shree 420. As Raj would not leave his wife and children, Nargis ended their relationship after Chori Chori and married Sunil Dutt with whom she fell in love on the set of Mother India (1957). In 2017, his second son Rishi confirmed his father's affair in his autobiography Khullam Khulla.[38][39][40]

Krishna Raj Kapoor died on 1 October 2018. Rajan Nanda, husband of Ritu Nanda, died on 5 August 2018. In January 2020, Ritu Nanda herself died. She was followed three months later by her younger brother Rishi, Kapoor's second son, who died in April 2020. Kapoor's third and youngest son, Rajiv, died in February 2021.[41][42][43]

Kapoor (far right) with Prime Minister Nehru (second from left) and fellow actors Dilip Kumar (far left) and Dev Anand (second from right) (c. 1950s).

Dilip Kumar, Mukesh, Shailendra, Hasrat Jaipuri, Dev Anand, Pran, Rajendra Kumar, Manna Dey, Shankar Jaikishan, Hrishikesh Mukherjee, Khwaja Ahmad Abbas and Rajesh Khanna were among Kapoor's closest friends from the movie industry.

Filmography

Death

Cause

Raj Kapoor suffered from asthma in his later years; he died of complications related to the disease in 1988 at the age of 63. He collapsed at the event where he was to receive the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in New Delhi, and was taken to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi for treatment. He was hospitalised for about a month before he succumbed to complications arising from his asthma.[44] At the time of his death, he was working on the movie Henna (an Indo-Pakistan based love story). The film was later completed by his sons Randhir Kapoor and Rishi Kapoor and was released in 1991.

Memorial at family farm in Pune

His and his parents' Samadhi (memorial) is at their family farm "Rajbaugh", which means the "gardens of king". Located inside the MIT Art Design and Technology University (MIT ADTU), Rajbaugh lies on the banks of Mula-Mutha River in Loni Kalbhor village 30 km east of Pune in Maharashtra. The Kapoor family sold part of 125 acres Rajbaugh to MIT ADTU which built a memorial for the Kapoor family on its campus. The memorial was unveiled in 2014 in the presence of Lata Mangeshkar and Kapoor clan. The Kapoor family memorial has 7 pagodas showing elements of Raj Kapoor's movies, a museum or viewing gallery which showcases family photographs and moments from his movie making from 1945 to 1990. Raj Kapoor shot many of his films at this farm, including Satyam Shivam Sundaram, Mera Naam Joker, Bobby, and Prem Rog. The family bungalow inside the farm has been preserved; the popular song "Hum Tum Ek Kamre Mein Band Ho" was shot inside this bungalow.[45][46][47][48][49]

Legacy

Raj Kapoor is often referred as The Greatest Showman of Indian Cinema in the Indian media.[50][51][52] Film historians and movie buffs speak of him as the "Charlie Chaplin of Indian cinema", since he often portrayed a tramp-like figure, who, despite adversity, was still cheerful and honest. His movies were popular in large parts of South/Central/Southeast Asia, the former Soviet Union/Bloc, China, the Middle East, and Africa; his movies were global commercial successes.

Siddharth Kak made, Raj Kapoor, a feature film documentary on the actor in 1987 which was produced by the Government of India's Films Division.[53]

A postage stamp, bearing his face, was released by India Post to honour him on 14 December 2001. To honour him, a brass statue of his was unveiled at Walk of the Stars at Bandra Bandstand in Mumbai in March 2012.

Kapoor's statue at Walk of the Stars

Many of Raj Kapoor's movies had a patriotic theme. His films Aag, Shree 420 and Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai (In the country where the Ganges flows) celebrated the newly independent India, and encouraged film-goers to be patriots. Raj Kapoor commissioned these famous lyrics for Mera Joota Hai Japani, a song from the movie Shree 420:

Mera joota hai Japani (My shoes are Japanese)
Ye patloon Inglistani (These trousers are English)
Sar pe lal topi Roosi (The red cap on my head is Russian)
Phir bhi dil hai Hindustani (But still, however, my heart is Indian)

The song is still extremely popular and has been featured in a number of movies since Shree 420 was released. Indian author Mahasweta Devi stopped the show with her inaugural speech at the 2006 Frankfurt Book Fair when she used these lyrics to express her own heartfelt patriotism and debt to her country.

Kapoor appeared in Box Office India's "Top Actors" list twelve times, (1949-1960).[54]

In 2014, Google commemorated his 90th birthday.[55]

Raj Kapoor was a canny judge of filmi music and lyrics. Many of the songs he commissioned are evergreen hits. He introduced the music directors Shankar–Jaikishan and the lyricists Hasrat Jaipuri and Shailendra. He is also remembered for his strong sense of visual style. He used striking visual compositions, elaborate sets, and dramatic lighting to complete the mood set by the music. He introduced the actresses Nimmi, Dimple Kapadia, and Mandakini, as well as launching and reviving the careers of his sons Rishi, Randhir and Rajiv. Famous for making his actresses reveal the body, not very common then in Indian cinema, it was said his 'show-womanship' matched his showmanship.[56]

Raj Kapoor's Shree 420 (1955) movie's Hindi song Mera Joota Hai Japani ("My Shoes are Japanese") was used in opening sequence of 20th Century Studios 2016 movie Deadpool, starring Ryan Reynolds.[57]

The 1967 "Song about Yogis" (Russian: Песенка про йогов) by Vladimir Vysotsky mentions Raj Kapoor as one of the three best-known symbols of Indian culture in the Soviet Union, along with Shiva and yoga.[58]

He was called "the Clark Gable of the Indian film industry".[59]

Awards and honors

Kapoor had received many awards throughout his career, including 3 National Film Awards, 11 Filmfare Awards and 21 nominations. His films Awaara (1951) and Boot Polish (1954) were nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. His acting in the former was rated as one of the "Top Ten Performances of All Time in World Cinema" by Time magazine.[13] His film Jagte Raho (1956) also won the Crystal Globe award at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival.

The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1971 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1987 – the highest award for cinematic excellence in India. In 2001, he was honoured with "Best Director of the Millennium" by Stardust Awards. He was named "Showman of the Millennium" by Star Screen Awards in 2002.

In June 2011, Noah Cowan, artistic director of TIFF Bell Lightbox, and Sabbas Joseph, Director, Wizcraft along with members of the Kapoor family came together to pay tribute to the life and work of Indian actor, director, mogul and legend Raj Kapoor, as presented in partnership by TIFF (Toronto International Film Festival), the International Indian Film Academy (IIFA), and the Government of Ontario.[60] In 2011, it was announced that Kapoor will be inducted into the Brampton Walk of Fame in Ontario, Canada.[61]

Association with other artists

Khwaja Ahmad Abbas

Khwaja Ahmad Abbas was a screenwriter and director for a number of Raj Kapoor's best films.[62]

Shankar–Jaikishan

Shankar–Jaikishan were Raj Kapoor's music directors of choice. He worked with them in 20 films in all including 10 of his own films from Barsaat until Kal Aaj Aur Kal. (Jagte Raho with Salil Chowdhury and Ab Dilli Dur Nahin being two exceptions in this period). Only after Jaikishan died, did he turn to a different music director – Laxmikant–Pyarelal for Bobby, Satyam Shivam Sundaram and Prem Rog (later on, his children used Laxmikant-Pyarelal for Prem Granth as well), Rahul Dev Burman for Dharam Karam, and Ravindra Jain for (Ram Teri Ganga Maili and Henna). Raj Kapoor acted in a movie with music by Madan Mohan only once (twice), i.e. Dhoon (1953) & Ashiana (1952), which featured duet Hum Pyaar Karenge by Hemant Kumar and Lata Mangeshkar, the only instance of Hemant Kumar giving playback to Raj Kapoor, and did only one movie with O. P. Nayyar (Do Ustad).

List of films with Shankar–Jaikishan: (18 Films)

Nargis

Raj Kapoor and Nargis worked together in 16 films including 6 of his own productions.

Mukesh and Manna Dey

Mukesh was Raj Kapoor's almost exclusive singing voice in almost all of his films. Also, when Mukesh died, Raj had said, Main ne apni aawaaz ko kho diya... (I have lost my voice...). However Manna Dey has also sung many notable and super-hit songs for Raj Kapoor, for instance in Shree 420 and Chori Chori. Examples of such Manna songs are best illustrated by the following list:

Explanatory notes

  1. ↑ Palme d'Or prize is highest prize in Cannes Film Festival[14]
  1. ↑ Only 'Raj Sahab' was referred by people in real life, other names was given by media, "Sahab" means master.

References

  1. 1 2 "Juggernaut Books". www.juggernaut.in. Archived from the original on 25 October 2022.
  2. ↑ Chaudhuri, Shantanu Ray. "Raj Kapoor's daughter who sparked a kitchen revolution with Niky Tasha". The Telegraph. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
  3. ↑ "Did you know that Raj Kapoor's real name was 'Ranbir' Raj Kapoor?". The Times of India.
  4. ↑
  5. ↑
  6. ↑
  7. ↑ Mathur, Megha (16 April 2015). "From Raj to Ranbir Kapoor: Charlie Chaplin's Best Desi Avatars". TheQuint. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  8. ↑ "Raj Kapoor's Birth Anniversary: 5 Memorable films of the Actor-director". News18. 14 December 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  9. ↑ "How original is Bollywood ?". Rediff.com.
  10. ↑ "Raj Kapoor | Indian actor and director | Britannica". britannica.com. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  11. ↑ "Remembering Raj Kapoor, the showman of Indian Cinema, on his 92nd Birth Anniversary". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  12. ↑ Viking, Nasreen Munni Kabir; Publisher; Rs 499, Penguin Books India; Price. "When Waheeda sat on Raj". The Telegraph. Retrieved 28 November 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. 1 2 "All-Time 100 Movies". Time. 12 February 2005. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011.
  14. ↑ "Happy Birthday Raj Kapoor: The best films of the awaara hero of Bollywood".
  15. ↑ "HBD RK". India Today.
  16. ↑ "What Made Raj Kapoor Russia's Favourite Comrade?". 8 June 2021.
  17. ↑ "Padma Awards" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  18. ↑ "Remembering an icon: Prithviraj Kapoor". The New Indian Express. 9 September 2010.
  19. ↑ Gooptu, Sharmistha (2010). Bengali Cinema: 'An Other Nation'. Taylor & Francis. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-203-84334-5.
  20. ↑ "Prithviraj Kapoor: A centenary tribute". Daily Times / University of Stockholm. Archived from the original on 5 May 2009. Retrieved 3 November 2007.
  21. ↑ "Prithviraj Kapoor". Kapoor Family Page. Retrieved 3 November 2007.
  22. ↑ "Surinder Kapoor, cousin of Prithviraj Kapoor". Rediff.com.
  23. ↑ Ultra, Nihil (22 January 2009). "Xaviers 150". The Telegraph. India. Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  24. ↑ Jain, Madhu (2009). Kapoors: The First Family of Indian Cinema. Penguin Books Limited. p. 78. ISBN 978-81-8475-813-9.
  25. ↑ "Box Office 1949". Box Office India. 16 October 2013. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  26. ↑ "Box Office 1949". Boxofficeindia.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
  27. ↑ "Remembering Raj Kapoor: How a 24-year-old became the youngest film director of his time, set up iconic RK Studios". The Indian Express. 14 December 2023.
  28. ↑ "Memories through a lens". The Hindu. 6 June 2008. Archived from the original on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
  29. ↑ Times, Sanjoy Hazarika, Special to the New York (3 June 1988). "Raj Kapoor, Top Indian Film Star, Is Dead at 64". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  30. ↑ Kagalwala, Fatema (10 June 2017) Fatema Kagalwala explores how Raj Kapoor personalised Italian neorealism in his work. The Hindu. Retrieved on 20 November 2018.
  31. ↑ "4th Moscow International Film Festival (1965)". MIFF. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
  32. ↑ "Best of Bollywood, South Cinema, TV and Celebs". MSN India. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  33. ↑ Mera Naam Joker: The Complete Story. Suresh kohli. Retrieved on 20 November 2018.
  34. ↑ "11th Moscow International Film Festival (1979)". MIFF. Archived from the original on 3 April 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  35. ↑ No day, no show – Society & The Arts News. Indiatoday.intoday.in (3 July 2006). Retrieved on 20 November 2018.
  36. ↑ Pradhan, Bharathi S. (13 December 2009). "Bye bye, Bina". The Telegraph. Calcutta, India. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012.
  37. ↑ Patel, Bhaichand (19 November 2007). "Clangorous Liaisons". Outlook India.
  38. ↑ Goyal, Divya (updated 1 October 2018) Exclusive: Rishi Kapoor On What His Mother Said To Nargis About Raj Kapoor Affair – NDTV Movies. Movies.ndtv.com (18 January 2017). Retrieved on 20 November 2018.
  39. ↑ Khubchandani, Lata (15 June 2003). "Raj Kapoor – The Great Showman". The Sunday Tribune.
  40. ↑ "Rishi Kapoor Reveals Dad Raj Kapoor's Alleged Affairs With His Heroines". NDTV Movies. 17 January 2017.
  41. ↑ "Ritu Nanda passes away at 71; Neetu Singh, Big B pay tribute". The Economic Times.
  42. ↑ "Rishi Kapoor: Bollywood's romantic hero dies at 67". BBC News. 30 April 2020.
  43. ↑ "Actor-producer Rajiv Kapoor dies at 58". 10 February 2021.
  44. ↑ "Remembering Indian cinema's greatest showman". movies.rediff.com. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
  45. ↑ Google (8 July 2020). "Google map location of Smadhi of Raj Kapoor and Prithviraj Kapoor at Rajbaugh at the camputof MIT-WPU" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  46. ↑ With RK Studios up for sale in Mumbai, here is how Pune still hangs on to Raj Kapoor's memories, Hindustan Times, 2 September 2018.
  47. ↑ Raj Kapoor Memorial Archived 5 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine, mitsft.in.
  48. ↑ Madhu Jain, 2009, Kapoors: The First Family of Indian Cinema, Penguin Books.
  49. ↑ Raj Kapoor Memorial brief Archived 5 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine, mitsft.in.
  50. ↑ Chatterjee, Prerna (14 December 2018). "Raj Kapoor, The Greatest Showman of Indian Cinema". The Print. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  51. ↑ "Remembering The Greatest Showman of Indian Cinema – Raj Kapoor". Saregama Blog. 14 December 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
  52. ↑ Singh, Onkar. "Remembering Indian cinema's greatest showman". Rediff. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
  53. ↑ "Siddharth Kak's film on Raj Kapoor to be screened in Russian theaters". India Today. 15 January 1988.
  54. ↑ "Top Actors". Box Office India. Archived from the original on 19 February 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  55. ↑ "Raj Kapoor movies featured in Google doodle as it celebrates his 90th birth anniversary". 14 December 2014. Archived from the original on 14 December 2014.
  56. ↑ Bharatan, Raju (2010). A Journey Down Melody Lane. Hay House Publishers – India. ISBN 978-81-89988-91-3. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
  57. ↑ "Ryan Reynolds' 'Deadpool' features a famous Bollywood song!". DNA India. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
  58. ↑ В.С.Высоцкий 1967 Песенка про йогов Archived 22 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine. kacmanat.ru
  59. ↑ Film World. T.M. Ramachandran. 1965.
  60. ↑ Vlessing, Etan (6 April 2011). "Toronto Film Fest Sets Tribute for Bollywood Legend Raj Kapoor". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  61. ↑ "Raj Kapoor Crescent". Asian Image. Lancashire UK. 9 June 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2011. The city will also like to induct Shri Raj Kapoor into the Brampton Hall of Fame, having a star placed there in his honour..
  62. ↑ K. A. Abbas – Films as writer:, Films as director: filmreference.com

Bibliography

  • Nanda, Ritu (2002). Raj Kapoor: Speaks. Penguin Books India. ISBN 978-0-670-04952-3.
  • Bruzzi, Stella; Gibson, Pamela Church (2000). Fashion Cultures: Theories, Explorations, and Analysis. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-20685-3.
  • Rajadhyaksha, Ashish; Willemen, Paul (1994). Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema. London: British Film Institute; New Delhi: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-579-58146-6.
  • Kishore, Valicha (1988). The Moving Image: A study of Indian cinema. Hyderabad: Orient Longman. ISBN 978-0-861-31681-6.
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