After the mid-16th century, many Rajput rulers formed close ties with the Mughal emperors and served them in various capacities.[1][2] It was because of the Rajputs that Akbar was not able to make complete Mughal Empire in India.[3] The Rajput vassals had their daughters and sisters married to the Mughal emperors and their princes.[4][5][6] For example, Akbar performed 40 marriages for himself and for his sons and grandsons, of which 17 were Rajput-Mughal alliances.[7] The successors of the Mughal emperor Akbar, the mothers of his son Jahangir and grandson Shah Jahan were Rajputs.[8] The Sisodia Rajput family of Mewar made it an honor not to enter into matrimonial relations with the Mughals, and thus stood in contrast to all other Rajput clans.[9] After this time, the marital relations between the Rajputs and the Mughals declined somewhat.[10] Akbar's relations with the Rajputs began when he returned in 1561 from a visit by the Chisti Sufi Shaikh of Sikri, west of Agra. Then many Rajput princesses married Mughal emperor Akbar.[11]
List of Rajput-Mughal matrimonial relations
- In February 1562, Akbar married Mariam-uz-Zamani, daughter of Raja Bharmal (Kachwaha-Amber).[12]
- In 1562, Akbar married the granddaughter of Rao Viramde. (Rathore-Merta)[13]
- On 15 November 1570, Rai Kalyan Singh married his one daughter and niece, Raj Kunwari (Raj Kanwar)[14] to Akbar (Rathore-Bikaner) [15][16]
- In 1570, Akbar married Bhanumati, another niece of Rai Kalyan Singh (Rathore-Bikaner) [15]
- In the same year Har Raj of (Bhati-Jaisalmer State) also accept the lordship of Akbar and offered a daughter, Rajkumari Nathi Bai, as a wife for the Padshah (Shah Jahan), in return Kuar Sultan Singh, was accepted as a nobleman at the Mughal court.[14]
- In 1570, Puram Bai, a great-granddaughter of Rao Viramde was married to Akbar. (Rathore-Merta)[17][18]
- In 1570, Maharawal Harraj Singh married his daughter Princess Nathi Bai to Akbar (Bhati-Jaisalmer).[19][20][21][22]
- In 1573, the marriage of Akbar to the daughter of Raja Jaichand of Nagarkot (Nagarkot)[23][24]
- On March 1577, the marriage of Akbar to the daughter of the Rawal Askaran took place(Gehlot-Dungarpur)[25][26]
- In 1581, Keshavdas married his daughter to Akbar (Rathore-Morta)[27]
- Akbar also married Rukmavati, daughter of Rao Maldeo. (Rathore-Marwar)[28]
- On 16 February 1585, Prince Salim (Jahangir) was married to Princess Man Bai, the daughter of Bhagwant Das (Kachwaha-Amber)[29][30]
- On 11 January 1586, the marriage of Prince Salim (Jahangir) to Princess Manavati Bai, the daughter of Mota Raja Udai Singh took place (Rathore-Marwar)[31]
- On 26 June 1586, Prince Salim was married to daughter of Raja Rai Singh. (Rathore-Bikaner)[32]
- In 1587, Prince Salim married, Malika Jahan, daughter of Maharawal Bhim Singh. (Bhati-Jaisalmer)[33]
- Prince Salim married Karamsi, daughter of Kesho Das. (Rathore-Bikaner)[34]
- On 12 October 1595, the marriage of Daniyal to Raimal's daughter took place. (Rathore-Marwar)[35]
- On 17 June 1608, Jahangir married the daughter of Jagat Singh. (Kachwaha-Amber)[36]
- On January 1610, Jahangir married the daughter of Ram Chandra Bundela (Bundela-Orchha)[37]
- On April 1624, the marriage of Prince Parvez to Princess Manbhavati Bai, the sister of Maharaja Gaj Singh (Rathore-Marwar)[38][39][40]
- Prince Khurram (Shah Jahan) married Lilavati Bai, daughter of Sakat Singh (Rathore-Marwar)[41]
- In 1654, the marriage of the daughter of Rao Amar Singh to Prince Suleiman Shikoh (Rathore-Marwar)[42][43]
- On December 1659, Aurangzeb married his daughter Zeb-un-Nissa to Prince Suleiman Shikoh, the eldest son of Rajput King Maharaja Jaswant Singh of Marwar[44]
- In 1671, marriage of Mohammad Muazzam (Bahadur Shah I) to Princess Amrita Bai, the daughter of Maharaja Roop Singh Rathore of Kishangarh took place (Rathore-Kishangarh)[45]
- On 5 July 1678, Azim-ush-Shan was married to Bai Jas Kaur, Kirat Singh's daughter, the son of Raja Jai Singh (Kachwaha-Amber)[46][47]
- 30 July 1681, Aurangzeb's son Kaam Baksh was married to Amarchand's daughter Kalyan Kumari of (Shekhawat-Manoharpur).[48]
- Jahandar Shah was married to a Rajput Princess, Anup Bai.[49]
- On 27 September 1715, Farrukhsiyar married the daughter of Maharaja Ajit Singh, Princess Indira Kanwar (Rathore-Marwar)[50]
References
- ↑ Richards, John F. (1995). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. pp. 22–24. ISBN 978-0-521-25119-8.
- ↑ Bhadani, B. L. (1992). "The Profile of Akbar in Contemporary Literature". Social Scientist. 20 (9/10): 48–53. doi:10.2307/3517716. JSTOR 3517716.
- ↑ Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2002). History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. pp. 272–273. ISBN 978-81-269-0123-4.
- ↑ Smith, Bonnie G. (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History. Oxford University Press. p. 656. ISBN 978-0-19-514890-9. Archived from the original on 2016-09-02. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
- ↑ Richards, John F. (1995). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2. Archived from the original on 2020-06-16. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
- ↑ Lal, Ruby (2005). Domesticity and Power in the Early Mughal World. Cambridge University Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-521-85022-3.
- ↑ Vivekanandan, Jayashree (2012). Interrogating International Relations: India's Strategic Practice and the Return of History War and International Politics in South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-70385-0.
- ↑ Hansen, Waldemar (1972). The peacock throne : the drama of Mogul India (1. Indian ed., repr. ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 12, 34. ISBN 978-81-208-0225-4.
- ↑ Ramusack, Barbara N. (2004). The Indian Princes and their States. Cambridge University Press. pp. 18–19. ISBN 9781139449083.
- ↑ Chandra, Satish (2007). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part-II. Har Anand Publications. p. 124. ISBN 9788124110669. Archived from the original on 23 December 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
- ↑ David O. Morgan, Anthony Reid (2010). The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 3, The Eastern Islamic World, Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries. Taylor and Francis. p. 213. ISBN 9781316184363. Archived from the original on 2021-01-30. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
- ↑ Mukherjee, Soma (2001). Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions. Kalpas Publisher. ISBN 978-81-212-0760-7. Archived from the original on 2022-08-31. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
- ↑ The Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan. Vol. II. pp. 366–367.
- 1 2 Mukhoty, Ira (2020-04-29). "The making of Akbar's complicated harem, where Rajput women played a critical role". Scroll.in. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
Rao Kalyanmal then offered a daughter and two nieces, Raj Kanwar and Bhanumati, in marriage to Akbar. At the same time Har Raj of Jaisalmer also submitted to Akbar and offered a daughter, Rajkumari Nathi Bai, as a wife for the Padshah while his son, Kuar Sultan Singh, was accepted as a nobleman at the Mughal court.
- 1 2 Waseem, Shah Mohammad (2003). A Persian historiography in India. pp. 78–79. ISBN 9788173915376. Archived from the original on 2023-03-18. Retrieved 2022-07-15.
- ↑ Fazl, Abu'l. Akbarnama. Vol. II. p. 518.
- ↑ The Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan. Vol. I. p. 4.
- ↑ The Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan. Vol. II. p. 362.
- ↑ Singh, Rajvi Amar (1992). Mediaeval History of Rajasthan: Western Rajasthan. Rajvi Amar Singh, 1992. p. 1166. Archived from the original on 2022-08-31. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
- ↑ Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa & Company, 2006. pp. 548–552. ISBN 9788129108906. Archived from the original on 2022-08-31. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
- ↑ Journal of Indian History, Volume 46. Department of Modern Indian History, 1968. 1968. p. 32. Archived from the original on 2022-08-31. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
- ↑ Fazl, Abu'l. Akbarnama. Vol. II. p. 283.
- ↑ Congress, Indian History (1974). Proceedings (Page_135). Indian History Congress. p. 135.
agreement with Raja Jai Chand of Nagarkot , it was put as a condition that the Raja would give his daughter in marriage to Akbar 34 . In March 1577 , at the time of joining the Mughal service , Rawat ...
- ↑ Saletore, Rajaram Narayan (1985). Indian Entertainment (Page_244). Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 244. ISBN 978-81-215-0026-5.
- ↑ Fazl, Abu'l. Akbarnama. Vol. II. p. 287.
- ↑ Fazl, Abu'l. Akbarnama. Vol. II. p. 295.
- ↑ The Idea of Rajasthan: Institutions. India: Manohar Publishers & Distributors. 1994. p. 237. ISBN 9788185425849. Archived from the original on 2023-03-18. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
- ↑ Chandra, Satish (1993). Mughal Religious Policies, the Rajputs & the Deccan. New Delhi, India: Vikas Publishing House. pp. 17–18. ISBN 978-0-7069-6385-4.
- ↑ Azad, Mohammad Akram Lari (1990). Religion and Politics in India During the Seventeenth Century. Criterion Publications. p. 46.
There had been marriages between Rajput princess and Muslim rulers before this , but these were forced and unwilling ... ambitions of Emperor. On 13th February 1585 in marriage of Salim with Man Bai daughter of Bhagwant Das of Amber ...
- ↑ Nicoll, Fergus (2009). Shah Jahan. Penguin Books India. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-670-08303-9.
Salim's first wife was Rajakumari Man Bai, the daughter of Raja Bhagwan Das Kachwaha of Amber, a prominent Rajput prince who had done sterling service for Akbar. They had been married in February 1585 and the dowry alone, ...
- ↑ Collier, Dirk (2016-03-01). The Great Mughals and their India. Hay House, Inc. ISBN 978-93-84544-98-0.
If Babur and his son Humayun were still full-blooded Central Asian Turks, Akbar through his mother (Hamida Banu Begum) was half Persian and Akbar's son Jahangir (through his mother, the princess of Amber) was therefore 25 per cent Turk, 25 per cent Persian and 50 per cent Rajput. Shah Jahan (the Mughal par excellence), Jahangir's son, was 75 per cent Rajput: both his mother (Rajkumari Shri Manavati Bai Lall Sahiba alias Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani) and his paternal grandmother were Rajput princesses.
- ↑ Fazl, Abul. The Akbarnama. Vol. III. Translated by Beveridge, Henry. Calcutta: ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. p. 748.
- ↑ Somānī, Rāmavallabha (1990). History of Jaisalmer. Panchsheel Prakashan. p. 59. ISBN 978-81-7056-070-8.
Jehangir (Salim) mentions in his Memoirs Maharawal Bhim is a man of rank of influence- His daughter had been married to me , when I was a prince and I had given a title of ' Malika ye Jehan ' to her . She was very handsome.
- ↑ Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan Vol II. p. 361.
- ↑ Fazl, Abu'l. Akbarnama. Vol. III. p. 283.
- ↑ The Jahangirnama: memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India. Translated by Thackston, Wheeler Mclntosh. Washington, D. C. & New York: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution & Oxford University Press. 1999. p. 95.
- ↑ The Jahangirnama: memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India. Translated by Thackston, Wheeler Mclntosh. Washington, D. C. & New York: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution & Oxford University Press. 1999. p. 104.
- ↑ Jahangir, Emperor; Thackston, Wheeler McIntosh (1999). The Jahangirnama : memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India. Washington, D. C.: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 181, 418. ISBN 978-0-19-512718-8.
- ↑ Saran, Richard Davis; Ziegler, Norman Paul (2001). The Meṛtīyo Rāṭhoṛs of Meṛto, Rājasthān: Translations and notes with appendices, glossary, introductory material and indexes. University of Michigan, Centers for South and Southeast Asian Studies. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-891-48085-3.
- ↑ The Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan; Volume II. p. 51.
- ↑ The Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan. Vol. II. p. 45.
- ↑ Khan, Inayat. The Shah Jahan Nama of 'Inayat Khan. p. 497.
- ↑ Sarkar, Kobita. Shah Jahan and His Paradise on Earth. p. 164.
- ↑ Lal, Ruby (2005). The Mughal Harem: Women and the Culture of Empire. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 197–201.
- ↑ Irvine, William (1991) [First published 1921]. Later Mughals. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 141. Archived from the original on 2023-03-18. Retrieved 2022-07-15.
- ↑ Muḥammad, Sāqī Mustaʻidd Khān (2019). Maasir-i-Alamgiri: A History of Emperor Aurangzib-Alamgir (reign 1658-1707 AD). Translated by Sir Jadunath, Sarkar. India: B.R. Publishing. p. 209. ISBN 9789387587946.
- ↑ Irvine, William (1991) [First published 1921]. Later Mughals. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 209. Archived from the original on 2023-03-18. Retrieved 2022-07-15.
- ↑ Jagatanārāyaṇa (1999). Ajmer and the Mughal Emperors (Page_121). Neha Vikas Prakashan. p. 121.
On Saturday , the 30th July , 1681 A.D. , Muhammad Kam Bakhsh was married to Kalyan Kumari , daughter of Amar Chand and sister of Jagat Singh , Zamindar of Manoharpur . This marriage was also held in the Jama Mosque .
- ↑ Lal, Muni. Mini Mughals. p. 67.
- ↑ Towheed, Shafquat (2007-10-01). New Readings in the Literature of British India, c. 1780-1947. Columbia University Press. p. 211. ISBN 978-3-89821-673-9.
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