Referrer spam (also known as referral spam, log spam or referrer bombing) is a kind of spamdexing (spamming aimed at search engines). The technique involves making repeated web site requests using a fake referrer URL to the site the spammer wishes to advertise.[1] Sites that publish their access logs, including referrer statistics, will then inadvertently link back to the spammer's site. These links will be indexed by search engines as they crawl the access logs, improving the spammer's search engine ranking.[2]

At least since 2014, a new variation of this form of spam occurs on Google Analytics. Spammers send fake visits to Google Analytics, often without ever accessing the affected site. The technique is used to have the spammers' URLs appear in the site statistics, inducing the site owner to visit the spam URLs. When it is the case that the spammer has never visited the affected site, the fake visits are also called Ghost Spam.[2]

Mitigations

Techniques for mitigating referrer spam include blocking spam crawlers and filtering out known spam domains in analytics software.[3] The open-source analytics company Matomo maintains a public domain crowdsourced list of spam-associated domains which it uses in automatic filters.[4]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Pollitt, Michael (2005-08-24). "Moral maze". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2014-09-19. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
  2. 1 2 "Referral spam: attack patterns and countermeasures". IONOS Digital Guide. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  3. ↑ "How to Block WordPress Referrer Spam in Google Analytics". www.wpbeginner.com. 2022-08-28. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  4. ↑ Team, Matomo Core (2015-05-13). "Stopping Referrer Spam". Analytics Platform - Matomo. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  • Referrer Spam Blacklist by Matomo – a public domain crowdsourced list of referrer spammers containing over 2250 domains as of May 2023.
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