Revati
Goddess of Opulence[1]
AffiliationVaishnavism
AbodeVaikuntha
Personal information
Parents
ConsortBalarama
ChildrenNishatha
Ulmuka [2] (sons)

Revati (Sanskrit: रेवती, romanized: Revatī) is a goddess featured in Hindu scriptures. She is the daughter of King Kakudmi and the consort of Balarama,[3] the elder brother of Krishna, and one of the Dashavatara.[4] Her account is given within a number of Hindu texts such as the Mahabharata and the Bhagavata Purana.

Origin

Revati has her origins as a mother goddess who was capable of great destruction. When Dirgajihvi, a demon, threatened to attack the devas, the gods sought the assistance of Skanda, who in turn requested Revati to fight the former. Taking the form of the vixen Shalavriki, Revati wrought havoc in the demon army to the extent that the demons sought refuge in the wombs of human women. In response, the goddess took the Jataharini form and attacked the demons before their conception, cleansing the women of their wickedness. According to the Devi Bhagavata Purana, Revati is associated with Shasthi Devi, an aspect of Prakriti. She was revered as the deity of children who was worshipped by childless couples, offered veneration on the sixth day after a child's birth.[5] Due to her later association with fortune and wealth, Revati was assimilated as a form of Lakshmi, symbolic with her marriage to the avatar of Vishnu, Balarama.[6]

According to the Balabhadra Mahatmya, Ravati is considered to be an incarnation of Nagalakshmi, the consort of Shesha.[7]

Legend

The Vishnu Purana narrates the tale of Revati.[8]

Revati was the only daughter of Kakudmi. Feeling that no human could prove to be good enough to marry his lovely and talented daughter, Kakudmi took Revati with him to Brahmaloka—abode of Brahma.

When they arrived, Brahma was listening to a musical performance by the gandharvas, so they waited patiently until the performance was finished. Then, Kakudmi bowed humbly, made his request and presented his shortlist of candidates. Brahma laughed, and explained that time runs differently on different planes of existence and that during the short time they had waited in Brahmaloka to see him, 27 chatur-yugas had passed on Earth and all the candidates had died long ago.[9] Brahma added that Kakudmi was now alone as his friends, ministers, servants, wives, kinsmen, armies and treasures had now vanished from Earth and he should soon bestow his daughter to a husband as Kali Yuga was near.[10]

Kakudmi was overcome with astonishment and alarm at this news.[10] However, Brahma comforted him and added that Vishnu the Preserver was currently on Earth in the forms of Krishna and Balarama and he recommended Balarama as a worthy husband for Revati.

Kakudmi and Revati then returned to earth, which they regarded as having left only just a short while ago. They were shocked by the changes that had taken place. Not only had the landscape and environment changed, but over the intervening 27 chatur-yugas, in the cycles of human spiritual and cultural evolution, mankind was at a lower level of development than in their own time. The Bhagavata Purana describes that they found the race of men had become "dwindled in stature, reduced in vigour, and enfeebled in intellect." The king's capital of Kushasthali had been renamed Dvaraka.[11]

Kakudmi and Revati found Balarama, and proposed the marriage. Because she was from an earlier yuga, Revati was far taller and larger than her husband-to-be, but Balarama, tapped his plough (his characteristic weapon) on her shoulder, and she shrunk to the normal height of people in Balarama's age. The marriage was then celebrated.

Revati bore her husband two sons, Nishatha and Ulmuka. Nishatha and Ulmuka were killed in the Yadu fratricidal war, after which Balarama also ended his earthly incarnation in meditation by the sea.[12] Revati ascended the funeral pyre of her husband.

References

  1. ↑ Sen, Sudipta (8 January 2019). Ganges: The Many Pasts of an Indian River. ISBN 9780300242676.
  2. ↑ "The Vishnu Purana: Book V: Chapter XXV".
  3. ↑ Revati. "Daughter of King Raivata and wife of Balarama."
  4. ↑ Dalal, Roshen (2014-04-18). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-81-8475-277-9.
  5. ↑ Jain, Sandhya (2022-03-19). Adi Deo Arya Devata: A Panoramic View oF Tribal-Hindu Cultural Interface. Notion Press. ISBN 979-8-88530-378-1.
  6. ↑ Lingham, Durgadas (Rodney) (2013-11-03). Exploring Mantric Ayurveda: Secrets and Insights of Mantra-Yoga and Healing. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-304-59409-9.
  7. ↑ Raj, Selva J.; Dempsey, Corinne G. (12 January 2010). Sacred Play: Ritual Levity and Humor in South Asian Religions. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-2981-6.
  8. ↑ Bhagat, Dr S. P. (2016-09-14). Vishnu Purana. Lulu Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-365-39641-0.
  9. ↑ Bhag-P, 9.3.32 (see texts 29-32)
  10. 1 2 Vishnu-Purana (see Book IV, chap I)
  11. ↑ Chaturvedi, B. K. (2006). Vishnu Purana. Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. p. 70. ISBN 978-81-7182-673-5.
  12. ↑ Bhag-P 11.30.26 Archived 2007-03-26 at the Wayback Machine
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