Rio Tinto Borax mine and plant, 2012
Rio Tinto Borax mine from ISS, 2013
Borax crystals, Boron Mine. Scale is one inch, ruled at one cm.

The Rio Tinto Boron Mine (formerly the U.S. Borax Boron Mine) 35°2′34.447″N 117°40′45.412″W / 35.04290194°N 117.67928111°W / 35.04290194; -117.67928111 (Rio Tinto Borax Mine) in Boron, California is California's largest open-pit mine and the largest borax mine in the world, producing nearly half the world's borates. Ore reserves are sufficient for production through at least 2050. It is operated by the Borax division of the Rio Tinto Group.[1][2][3]

History

The borax deposit here was discovered in 1913, by John K. Suckow,[4] who when drilling for water found a deposit of what he believed to be gypsum. Further testing revealed it was the colemanite form of borax. Francis Marion "Borax" Smith bought the claim for his Pacific Coast Borax Company.[5][6] Mining at the site by shafts began in the 1920s. Pacific Coast Borax later became U.S. Borax, which subsequently opened the current open-pit mine in 1957. U.S. Borax was later acquired by Rio Tinto Group, which continues to operate the mine.

A pilot project to produce lithium by sifting through mining waste began in 2019.[7]

Borax Visitor Center

The mine's Borax Visitor Center, which includes a museum, historic mining artifacts, and a mine overlook, is open to the public.[8][9]

References

  1. ↑ Borax.com
  2. ↑ "The Center for Land Use Interpretation". Archived from the original on 2006-01-15. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
  3. ↑ Rio Tinto Archived 2012-09-18 at archive.today
  4. ↑ "Suckow Borax History Given". The Los Angeles Times. August 17, 1931. p. 12. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
  5. ↑ "Smith Said to Have a New Borax Find" San Francisco Chronicle October 24, 1913
  6. ↑ Hildebrand, GH. (1982) Borax Pioneer: Francis Marion Smith. San Diego: Howell-North Books. pp 89-90. ISBN 0-8310-7148-6
  7. ↑ Stringer, David (2019-10-25). "Rio Tinto starts producing lithium in California from old mining waste". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2019-10-27.
  8. ↑ Borax Visitor Center, official site
  9. ↑ Borax Visitor Center at Trip Advisor.
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