| Ropalidia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Ropalidia nobilis | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Vespidae |
| Subfamily: | Polistinae |
| Tribe: | Ropalidiini |
| Genus: | Ropalidia Guérin-Méneville 1831 |
| Species | |
|
approx. 200 species | |
Ropalidia amabala on nest
Ropalidia distigma
Ropalidia c.f. ornaticeps
Ropalidia variegata female
Ropalidia is a large genus of eusocial paper wasps (Polistinae) in the tribe Ropalidiini distributed throughout the Afrotropical, Indomalayan and Australasian biogeographical regions. The genus Ropalidia is unusual because it contains both independent and swarm-founding species.[1] Ropalidia romandi is one of the swarm founding species, meaning that new nests are founded by a large group of workers with a smaller number of inseminated females (egg-laying foundresses),[2] while Ropalidia revolutionalis is independent-founding, meaning that each nest is founded by a single foundress.[3]
Description
Ropalidia can be distinguished from other genera in the tribe by: the pronotum having a dorsal carina but lacking a pretegular carina, the first metasomal segment being petiolate but (in dorsal view) not parallel-sided, and the mesepisternum lacking a scrobal sulcus.[4]
Species
- Ropalidia aethiopica (Buysson, 1906)
- Ropalidia albobalteata (Cameron, 1906)
- Ropalidia amabala Polašek, Bellingan & van Noort, 2022
- Ropalidia anarchica (Saussure, 1853)
- Ropalidia andamanensis Das & Gupta, 1989
- Ropalidia antennata (Saussure, 1890)
- Ropalidia aristocratica (Saussure, 1853)
- Ropalidia artifex (Saussure, 1853)
- Ropalidia atra (Saussure, 1890)
- Ropalidia australis (Saussure, 1854)
- Ropalidia bambusae Richards, 1978
- Ropalidia bensoni Richards, 1978
- Ropalidia bicincta (Saussure, 1890)
- Ropalidia bicolor (Smith, 1865)
- Ropalidia bicolorata Vecht, 1962
- Ropalidia bidens Vecht, 1996
- Ropalidia binghami Vecht, 1941
- Ropalidia bipartita Vecht, 1962
- Ropalidia bispinosa (Meade-Waldo)
- Ropalidia brazzai (Buysson 1906)
- Ropalidia brevita Das & Gupta, 1989
- Ropalidia brunnea (Smith 1859)
- Ropalidia canaria Cheesm., 1952
- Ropalidia capensis (Saussure, 1862)
- Ropalidia carinata (Saussure, 1890)
- Ropalidia catharinae (Cameron, 1913)
- Ropalidia cauponae Blommers, 2012
- Ropalidia celebensis Vecht, 1941
- Ropalidia cincinnata Blommers, 2012
- Ropalidia cincta (Lepeletier, 1836)
- Ropalidia clavata (Saussure, 1853)
- Ropalidia clypeata Kojima 1996
- Ropalidia cocoscola Blommers, 2012
- Ropalidia colorata Vecht, 1941
- Ropalidia conservator (Smith, 1860)
- Ropalidia conspicua Smith, 1863
- Ropalidia constitutionalis (Saussure, 1853)
- Ropalidia copiaria (Saussure, 1862)
- Ropalidia crassa Vecht, 1941
- Ropalidia crassipunctata Giordani Soika, 1981
- Ropalidia cristata Kojima, 1989
- Ropalidia curvilineata (Cameron 1908)
- Ropalidia cyathiformis (Fabricius, 1804)
- Ropalidia darwini Richards, 1978
- Ropalidia deceptor (Smith, 1863)
- Ropalidia decorata (Smith 1858)
- Ropalidia deminutiva Cheesm., 1952
- Ropalidia democratica (Saussure, 1853)
- Ropalidia dichroma Vecht, 1941
- Ropalidia dispila (Cameron 1913)
- Ropalidia distigma (Gerst., 1857)
- Ropalidia dubia (Saussure, 1853)
- Ropalidia ducalis (Saussure, 1900)
- Ropalidia duchaussoyi (Gribodo, 1896)
- Ropalidia eboraca Richards, 1978
- Ropalidia elegantula Richards, 1978
- Ropalidia erythrospila (Cameron, 1908)
- Ropalidia eurostoma Richards 1978
- Ropalidia excavata Giordani Soika, 1977
- Ropalidia extrema Vecht, 1962
- Ropalidia fasciata (Fabricius 1804)
- Ropalidia favulorum Blommers, 2012
- Ropalidia festina (Smith, 1864)
- Ropalidia flavobrunnea Vecht, 1962
- Ropalidia flavopicta (Smith, 1857)
- Ropalidia flavoviridis Kojima, 1998
- Ropalidia fluviatilis (Meade-Waldo, 1912)
- Ropalidia formosa (Saussure, 1854)
- Ropalidia fraterna (Saussure, 1900)
- Ropalidia fulvopruinosa (Cameron, 1906)
- Ropalidia galimatia (Saussure, 1853)
- Ropalidia gemmea Cheesm., 1952
- Ropalidia gracilenta Richards, 1978
- Ropalidia gracilis (Smith, 1859)
- Ropalidia grandidieri (Saussure, 1890)
- Ropalidia granulata Vecht, 1941
- Ropalidia gregaria (Saussure, 1854)
- Ropalidia guttatipennis (Saussure, 1853)
- Ropalidia hirsuta Richards 1978
- Ropalidia hongkongensis (Saussure, 1854)
- Ropalidia horni Sonan, 1938
- Ropalidia impetuosa (Smith, 1861)
- Ropalidia incurva Cheesm., 1952
- Ropalidia inquieta Cheesm., 1952
- Ropalidia interjecta (Saussure, 1900)
- Ropalidia interrupta Vecht, 1941
- Ropalidia irrequieta (Kohl, 1906)
- Ropalidia irritata (Smith, 1864)
- Ropalidia jacobsoni (Buysson, 1908)
- Ropalidia jaculator (Smith 1871)
- Ropalidia javanica Vecht, 1962
- Ropalidia jemmae Polašek and de Beer, 2023
- Ropalidia kojimai Blommers, 2012
- Ropalidia kurandae Richards, 1978
- Ropalidia latebalteata (Cameron, 1902)
- Ropalidia latetergum Richards, 1978
- Ropalidia laticincta Vecht, 1962
- Ropalidia lefebvrei Guill., 1841
- Ropalidia leopoldi Bequard, 1932
- Ropalidia lepida Vecht, 1962
- Ropalidia linearecta Blommers, 2012
- Ropalidia longipetiolata (Cameron, 1911)
- Ropalidia loriana (Buysson, 1910)
- Ropalidia lugubris (Smith, 1858)
- Ropalidia luzonensis Kojima, 1996
- Ropalidia mackayensis Richards, 1978
- Ropalidia maculata (Rad., 1881)
- Ropalidia maculiventris Guerin, 1831
- Ropalidia magnanima Vecht, 1941
- Ropalidia malaisei Vecht, 1962
- Ropalidia malayana (Cameron 1903)
- Ropalidia marginata (Lepeletier, 1836)
- Ropalidia mathematica (Smith, 1861)
- Ropalidia melania Richards, 1978
- Ropalidia merina Blommers, 2012
- Ropalidia mimikae (Meade-Waldo, 1912)
- Ropalidia minor Saussure, 1900
- Ropalidia modesta (Smith, 1858)
- Ropalidia montana Carl 1934
- Ropalidia mutabilis Richards, 1978
- Ropalidia myosolica (Dalla Torre)
- Ropalidia mysterica Blommers, 2012
- Ropalidia nigerrima Vecht, 1962
- Ropalidia nigra (Smith 1859)
- Ropalidia nigrescens Vecht, 1962
- Ropalidia nigrior Richards, 1978
- Ropalidia nigrita Das & Gupta, 1989
- Ropalidia nigrofemorata (Cameron, 1910)
- Ropalidia nilssoni Giordani Soika, 1991
- Ropalidia nitidula (Saussure, 1890)
- Ropalidia nobilis (Gerst., 1857)
- Ropalidia novaeguinaea (Schulthess, 1913)
- Ropalidia novissima Giordani Soika, 1944
- Ropalidia nursei Vecht, 1941
- Ropalidia obscura Gusenleitner, 1966
- Ropalidia obscurior Giordani Soika, 1991
- Ropalidia ochracea Vecht, 1962
- Ropalidia opifex Vecht, 1962
- Ropalidia opulenta (Smith, 1857)
- Ropalidia ornaticeps (Cameron, 1900)
- Ropalidia palawana Kojima, 1985
- Ropalidia papuana (Cameron)
- Ropalidia pendula (Smith, 1857)
- Ropalidia perplexa Blommers, 2012
- Ropalidia petulans Cheesm., 1952
- Ropalidia phalansterica (Saussure, 1853)
- Ropalidia philippinensis (Saussure, 1854)
- Ropalidia pilosa (Smith, 1859)
- Ropalidia plebeja (Saussure 1862)
- Ropalidia plebeiana Richards, 1978
- Ropalidia politica (Saussure, 1854)
- Ropalidia prasina (Saussure, 1900)
- Ropalidia principalis Kojima, 2001
- Ropalidia proletaria Richards 1978
- Ropalidia pseudomalayana Kojima, 1996
- Ropalidia pulchella (Saussure, 1900)
- Ropalidia ranavali (Saussure, 1890)
- Ropalidia reactionalis (Saussure, 1854)
- Ropalidia regina (Saussure, 1900)
- Ropalidia revolutionalis (Saussure, 1854)
- Ropalidia romandi (Guill., 1841)
- Ropalidia rosae Blommers, 2012
- Ropalidia rufocollaris (Cameron, 1900)
- Ropalidia rufoplagiata (Cameron 1905)
- Ropalidia sakalava (Saussure, 1900)
- Ropalidia santoshae Das & Gupta, 1989
- Ropalidia saussurei Kojima, 1998
- Ropalidia schulthessi (Saussure, 1890)
- Ropalidia scitula (Bingham, 1897)
- Ropalidia scottiana (Saussure, 1890)
- Ropalidia sculpturata Gusenleitner, 2001
- Ropalidia semihyalineata (Meade-Waldo, 1912)
- Ropalidia sericea Cameron, 1905
- Ropalidia sexmaculata (Cameron)
- Ropalidia shestakowi Schulthess, 1931
- Ropalidia socialis (Saussure, 1862)
- Ropalidia socialistica (Saussure, 1854)
- Ropalidia spatulata Vecht, 1962
- Ropalidia spilostoma (Cameron, 1906)
- Ropalidia stigma (Smith, 1858)
- Ropalidia subclavata (Saussure, 1890)
- Ropalidia sumatrae (Weber, 1801)
- Ropalidia taiwana Sonan 1935
- Ropalidia thailandia Gusenleitner 1994
- Ropalidia timida Vecht, 1962
- Ropalidia tomentosa (Gerst., 1857)
- Ropalidia trichophthalma Richards, 1978
- Ropalidia trimaculata Vecht, 1962
- Ropalidia turneri Richards, 1978
- Ropalidia unicolor (Smith, 1859)
- Ropalidia unidentata Giordani Soika, 1981
- Ropalidia variabilis (Saussure, 1890)
- Ropalidia variegata (Smith, 1852)
- Ropalidia velutina (Saussure, 1890)
- Ropalidia venustula (Saussure, 1900)
- Ropalidia vietnama Gusenleitner, 1996
- Ropalidia vitripennis (Saussure, 1890)
- Ropalidia wollastoni (Meade-Waldo, 1912)
- Ropalidia zonata (Cameron)
Identification
- Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guérin-Méneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species
- Vespidae (Hymenoptera) of Vietnam 3: Synoptic key to Vietnamese species of the polistine genus Ropalidia, with notes on taxonomy and distribution
- Taxonomic notes on the paper wasps of the genus Ropalidia in the Indian subcontinent (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
References
- ↑ Yamane, Soichi; Ito, Yosiaki (1994). "Nest architecture of the Australian paper wasp Ropalidia romandi cabeti, with a note on its developmental process (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 101 (3–4): 145–158. doi:10.1155/1994/92839.
- ↑ Hunt, James H. (2007). The Evolution of Social Wasps. Oxford University Press. pp. 57–60.
- ↑ Yosiaki, Itô (1987). "Social behaviour of the Australian paper wasp, Ropalidia revolutionalis (de Saussure) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)". Journal of Ethology. 5 (2): 115–124. doi:10.1007/bf02349943.
- ↑ Carpenter, James M.; Nguyen, Lien Phuong Thi (2003). "Keys to the genera of social wasps of South-East Asia (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): Social wasps of South-East Asia". Entomological Science. 6 (3): 183–192. doi:10.1046/j.1343-8786.2003.00016.x.
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