RosUkrEnergo is a Swiss-registered venture company that transports natural gas from Turkmenistan to East European countries. 50% of the company is owned by Gazprom, through its daughter Swiss-registered Rosgas Holding A.G., and another 50% by Swiss-registered private company Centragas Holding A.G., acting on behalf of a consortium of GDF Group[1][2][3][4] owned by Dmytro Firtash and Ivan Fursin.[5]

Before the 2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute, it was the sole importer of natural gas from Gazprom, reselling it to Naftogaz Ukrainy. Critics have questioned Gazprom's claimed need for RUE as a middleman. RUE has been accused of simply being “a corrupt intermediary” but has dismissed suggestions that Russian or Ukrainian politicians benefit from the arrangement.[6]

History

The company was created in July 2004 in a deal by former Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin to replace Eural Trans Gas.[7] Until 2006 the company acted as a middleman between Turkmenistan and Ukraine.[8] The company also sells Turkmenistan gas to Poland. Due to an agreement between Gazprom and Naftogaz, from 2006 till January 2009 the company supplied all of Ukraine's natural gas imports from Russia and other Central Asian countries, in addition to Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.[9] On October 24, 2008 Gazprom and Ukraine's national energy company Naftogaz signed a long-term cooperation deal in which was stated that Ukraine will receive Russian natural gas directly from Gazprom and Naftogaz will be the sole importer of Russian natural gas.[10]

After weeks of disputes the head of Gazprom Alexei Miller and the head of Naftogaz Ukrainy Oleh Dubyna signed the 10-year agreement on natural gas supplies to Ukraine for the period of 2009-2019 on 19 January 2009.[11][12][13] It was agreed that RosUkrEnergo will no longer supply all of Ukraine's natural gas imports from Russia and other Central Asian countries. A claim of a $600 million debt of Naftohaz to RosUkrEnergo was also dropped.[11]

On March 4, 2009 Officers of the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) and the Alfa special police unit searched the headquarters of Naftohaz Ukrainy in a case against officials of Naftohaz Ukrainy on embezzlement of 6.3 billion cubic meters of transit natural gas,[14] according to Valerii Khoroshkovskyi, first deputy chairman of the Security Service of Ukraine, the RosUkrEnergo Company and a number of Verkhovna Rada’s deputies had filed in a claim against Naftohaz Ukrainy.[15] On March 17, 2009 a criminal case was filed against officials of the Naftohaz Ukrainy national joint-stock company on suspicion of stealing 6.3 billion cubic meters of natural gas intended for transit through Ukraine by the SBU.[16]

On March 30, 2010 an international arbitration court in Stockholm ordered Naftohas Ukrainy to pay RosUkrEnergo around $200 million as a penalty for various breaches of supply, transit and storage contracts.[17] On June 8, 2010 the Stockholm Arbitration Tribunal ordered Naftohaz to return 11 bcm of natural gas to RosUkrEnergo and that RosUkrEnergo would receive from Naftohaz a further 1.1 bcm of natural gas in lieu of RosUkrEnergo's entitlement to penalties for breach of contract.[17][18] On April 26, 2011 former Ukrainian Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko sued Dmytro Firtash and RosUkrEnergo in a U.S. District Court in Manhattan accusing them of "defrauding Ukraine's citizenry" by manipulating an arbitration court ruling, "undermining the rule of law in Ukraine" in connection with the 2010 international arbitration court ruling in Stockholm.[19]

Eural Trans Gas

Eural Trans Gas (ETG) was an energy company registered in Budapest, Hungary, on December 6, 2002. It was suspected of acting as a Gazprom front. Andras Knopp, a former Hungarian communist cultural functionary with no knowledge of the gas business, became director of the company.[20][21][22] The registered owner was Dmytro Firtash, an obscure Ukrainian national who reportedly had little if any known assets. Yet the person received almost $300 million in credits from Russian banks.[23]

ETG maintained an account at a Budapest branch of Vienna's Raiffeisen Bank and had a number of accounts in Vienna's Meinl Bank.[23]

Owners and allegations of criminal connections

In April 2005, Oleksandr Turchynov, the head of Ukraine's SBU, explained to the Financial Times that Semion Mogilevich is associated with RosUkrEnergo after the SBU had collected a 20 volume file on Mogilevich over a twelve-year period.[24] In 2006, an ally of Tymoshenko stated in the Rada that Firtash's Switzerland registered RosUkrEnergo, which has been the dominant natural gas supplier to Ukraine since 2003 after it replaced the Hungarian registered Eural Trans Gas which had replaced Itera in December 2002, has Semion Mogilevich, who has many Russian mafia associates, as a silent partner.[25][26][27][28][29][30] In an April 2006 Financial Times interview, Firtash explained relationships with various holding companies after Firtash's bank Raiffeisen hired Kroll, Inc. to investigate connections to Mogilevich.[31]

Former Ukrainian prime-pinister Yulia Tymoshenko stated in November 2006, the company is controlled by notorious Ukrainian-born Russian mafia boss Semion Mogilevich,[32] while in 2009 Vladimir Putin was quoted as claiming that RosUkrEnergo is owned by a business ally of Viktor Yushchenko.[33] The Ukrainian investigation into RosUkrEnergo begun during Tymoshenko's previous term as prime minister was closed after she lost her position as prime minister in September 2005.[34] According to a document uncovered during the United States diplomatic cables leak US-diplomats shared Tymoshenko's suspicions.[35]

In April 2006, London-based corruption watchdog Global Witness published a report focusing on RosUkrEnergo and other transit companies that have acted as intermediaries between Turkmenistan, Russia and Ukraine. The report highlighted the many links in personnel between RosUkrEnergo and the previous intermediary Eural Trans Gas. According to the report, Israeli lawyer Zeev Gordon had registered Eural Trans Gas on behalf of Ukrainian businessman Dmytro Firtash.[36] Also in late April 2006, Izvestia reported that the primary shareholder of RosUkrEnergo is Dmytro Firtash. The report stated that he owned 90% of CentraGas Holding, equaling 45% of RosUkrEnergo. The report stated that a further owner is another Ukrainian businessman Ivan Fursin, the primary shareholder of the Odesa Film Studio and an owner of Misto-bank. His stake was revealed to be 10% of CentraGas and therefore a 5% owner of RosUkrEnergo.[37]

Profits

RosUkrEnergo reported a 2005 profit of $755 million and paid $735 million in dividends.[38]

The company's 2006 profit is listed at over $785 million.[38]

RosUkrEnergo profit for January–September 2007 is reported at $213 million.[39]

The company makes its profit on re-exporting gas to Europe. The size of the profit is defined by Gazprom through the export allowances of about 9 billion cubic meters a year.[40] RosUkrEnergo supplies gas to the Hungarian gas distributor Emfesz, for example, which is also controlled by Firtash via his holding company Group DF.

Effectively, by engaging in this supply scheme Gazprom transfers profits from its shareholders to the shareholders of RosUkrEnergo.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Official website of GDF group". Archived from the original on 2007-10-14. Retrieved 2011-01-19.
  2. ↑ Сомнительный посредник - Демократия.Ру
  3. ↑ "Стали известны хозяева РосУкрЭнерго". Archived from the original on 2007-10-06. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
  4. ↑ "Emerging Markets Economic Briefings". Archived from the original on 2008-03-27. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
  5. ↑ UNIAN - Nemtsov: Russian part in RosUkrEnergo looks as improper as Ukrainian one
  6. ↑ "FACTBOX: RUE: A mystery player in Russia-Ukraine gas row". Reuters. 2009-01-03. Retrieved 2019-12-08.
  7. ↑ Nation’s gas trade has volatile history rife with murky dealings, Kyiv Post (February 4, 2011)
  8. ↑ Резник, Ирина (Reznik, Iryna) (1 April 2008). "История российско-украинской газовой торговли: Rosukrenergo (RUE) отдыхает по сравнению с тем, какое жульничество творилось 15 лет в газовой сфере, признался как-то Владимир Путин. На самом деле RUE вполне вписывается в общую тенденцию" [History of Russian-Ukrainian gas trade: Rosukrenergo (RUE) is resting compared to what kind of fraud has been going on for 15 years in the gas sector, Vladimir Putin once admitted. In fact, RUE fits well into the general trend]. «Ведомости» (in Russian). Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑ "RosUkrEnergo: Company history". RosUkrEnergo website (rosukrenergo.ch). 27 January 2009. Archived from the original on 27 January 2009. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  10. ↑ Gazprom, Naftogaz sign long-term cooperation deal
  11. 1 2 "Ukraine, Russia Agree On Gas Supplies To Ukraine For 2009-2019". Ukrainian News Agency. 2009-01-19. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
  12. ↑ Oleg Shchedrov; Ron Popeski (2009-01-19). "Russia and Ukraine sign 10-year gas supply deal". Reuters. Retrieved 2009-01-19.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ↑ "Russia and Ukraine sign gas deal". BBC News. 2009-01-19. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
  14. ↑ SBU Officers Leave Building Of Naftohaz On Completing Investigating Actions, Ukrainian News Agency (March 4, 2009)
  15. ↑ Khoroshkovskyi Unveils Reasons Behind RosUkrEnergo’s And Verkhovna Rada Deputies’ Claims Against Misappropriating 6.3 Billion Cubic Meters Of Gas Archived 2009-03-07 at the Wayback Machine, Ukrainian News Agency, (March 5, 2009)
  16. ↑ SBU Sends Criminal Case Against Naftohaz Ukrainy Officials Accused Of Stealing 6.3 Billion Cubic Meters Of Gas To Prosecutors, Ukrainian News Agency, (March 17, 2009)
  17. 1 2 Stockholm court obliges Naftogaz to return 12.1 billion cubic meters of gas to RosUkrEnergo, Kyiv Post (June 8, 2010)
  18. ↑ BYuT publishes documents on sales of disputed 11 billion cubic meters of gas by Gazprom to Naftogaz, Kyiv Post (June 25, 2010)
  19. ↑ Ukrainian ex-PM sues gas company, businessman in US court, Reuters (April 27, 2011)
  20. ↑ Marnitz, István (3 April 2014). "Magyar üzletember ellen is vádat emeltek a Firtas-ügyben: Az amerikai hatóságok vádat emeltek egy magyar üzletember, Knopp András ellen is a Dmitro Firtas vezette bűnszövetkezet ügyében. Szerintük legalább egy magyarországi cég – a Global Energy, Mining and Minerals Kft. (GEMM) – is érintett abban a bűnügyben, amely miatt a Szövetségi Nyomozó Iroda (FBI) nemzetközi elfogatóparancsot adott ki az ukrán oligarcha ellen, és várhatóan kérni fogja kiadatását Ausztriától" [Hungarian businessman indicted in Firtas case: U.S. authorities have also indicted a Hungarian businessman, András Knopp, in connection with a criminal network led by Dmytro Firtas. According to them, at least one Hungarian company – Global Energy, Mining and Minerals Kft. (GEMM) – is involved in the criminal case for which the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) issued an international arrest warrant for the Ukrainian oligarch and is expected to request his extradition from Austria.]. NOL (nol.hu) (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  21. ↑ Ballai, Vince (5 April 2014). "Az MSZMP KB-ból az ukrán gázüzlet közepébe: Egy magyar üzletember is érintett Dmitro Firtas ukrán oligarcha bűnügyében. Knopp András nem mindennapi karriert futott be. MSZMP-s cenzorból lett a posztszovjet dohány-, majd gázüzlet oligarchákkal pacsizó szereplője" [From MSZMP KB to the middle of the Ukrainian gas deal: A Hungarian businessman is also implicated in the criminal case of Ukrainian oligarch Dmytro Firtas. András Knopp had an extraordinary career. From an MSZMP censor, he became a player in the post-Soviet tobacco and gas business with oligarchs.]. Origo (origo.hu) (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  22. ↑ "Knopp András". Történelmi Tár (tortenelmitar.hu) (Hungarian Historical Library) (in Hungarian). 2010. Archived from the original on 16 January 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  23. 1 2 Kupchinsky, Roman (18 February 2009). "Gazprom's European Web" (PDF). The Jamestown Foundation. Alternate link
  24. ↑ Зыгарь, Михаил (Zygar, Mikhail) (4 February 2008). "Газовый бен Ладен" [Gas Bin Laden]. Kommersant (in Russian). Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ↑ Kolker, Robert (16 February 2017). "Will Trump Rescue the Oligarch in the Gilded Cage? Dmitry Firtash's extradition case will test the administration's intentions toward Russia. Flynn's ouster just complicated it". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  26. ↑ "Веселящий Газ: Абсурдность в Газовой торговле Между Туркменистаном и Украиной" [Laughing gas: Absurdity in Gas Trade Between Turkmenistan and Ukraine] (PDF). Global Witness (in Russian). 1 April 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  27. ↑ Найем, Мустафа (Nayyem, Mustafa) (24 July 2007). "Дело Фирташа. Часть первая. Дела колхозные" [The Firtash case. Part one. Collective farm affairs]. Ukrayinska Pravda (in Russian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. ↑ Найем, Мустафа (Nayyem, Mustafa) (13 August 2007). "Дело Фирташа. Часть вторая. Дела семейные" [The Firtash case. Part two. Family matters]. Ukrayinska Pravda (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 August 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  29. ↑ Найем, Мустафа (Nayyem, Mustafa) (31 January 2008). "Дело Фирташа. Часть третья. Дела газовые" [The Firtash case. Part three. Gas affairs]. Ukrayinska Pravda (in Russian). Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  30. ↑ Найем, Мустафа (Nayyem, Mustafa) (31 January 2008). "Дело Фирташа. Часть четвертая. Тени Cемена Могилевича" [The Firtash case. Part four. Shadows of Semen Mogilevich]. Ukrayinska Pravda (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  31. ↑ "Disputed links to an alleged crime boss". Financial Times. 14 July 2006. Archived from the original on 9 February 2008. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  32. ↑ According to Tymoshenko "we have no doubts whatsoever that the man named Mogilevich is behind the whole operation called RosUkrEnergo", see The High Price of Gas by BBC News (aired November 5, 2006)
  33. ↑ Russia and Ukraine reach pact on gas deliveries, International Herald Tribune, January 9, 2009
  34. ↑ Mogilevich Arrested With Arbat Boss Archived 2009-01-23 at the Wayback Machine, The Moscow Times, January 28, 2008
  35. ↑ U.S. official: Austrian bank’s ties to RosUkrEnergo suspicious, Kyiv Post (December 3, 2010)
  36. ↑ "It's a Gas—Funny Business in the Turkmen-Ukraine Gas Trade" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-03-02.
  37. ↑ Известия.Ру: Кто владеет украинским газом
  38. 1 2 "ROSUKRENERGO - Business". Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-07-27.
  39. ↑ "ОАО «Газпром» | Акционерам и инвесторам / Отчеты / Промежуточная финансовая отчетность 30.09.2007". Archived from the original on 2008-03-03. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
  40. ↑ "ROSUKRENERGO - Business - Financial data". Archived from the original on 2008-03-25. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
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