Pre-independence

In 1915, during World War I, South Africa, being a member of the British Commonwealth and a former British colony, occupied the German colony of South West Africa, later to be known as Namibia.

It is believed that Namibian rugby began in 1916 when it was introduced by migrants from South Africa. Because of this, and the fact that Namibia was ruled by South Africa for so long, it can therefore be considered one of several countries within South African rugby's sphere of influence – including Lesotho, Zimbabwe, Eswatini, and Botswana.

The British and Irish Lions played games in South West Africa on several occasions – in 1962, 1968, 1974, and 1980. Because South West Africa was part of the South African polity, this meant that rugby there was tainted with the image of apartheid, and moreover, the independence of Namibia coincided with the period in which the Lions did not tour Africa, due to the controversy connected with this. When the Lions tours to SA resumed in 1997, they no longer played games against other African sides, as previously occurred.

From 1966 to 1988, the Namibian War of Independence was in full swing with guerillas from the nationalist South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) and others fighting South African rule.

Post-independence

Namibia came to international attention in 1991, when they beat the Italian side and defeated the touring Irish in two tests.^[3] Phil Matthews' team was beaten 15-6 in the first test, and 26-15 in a match just two months before they started their 1991 Rugby World Cup campaign.^[3] For the Irish to be caught unawares was hardly surprising – Namibia had previously languished in the B Division of South Africa's Currie Cup, and only pulled away to become an independent nation in the 1980s.^[4] After independence, Namibia had to mostly make do with games against Zimbabwe, most of which they won.^[4]

This did not, however, mean a total cessation of international tours to Namibia; for example, Ireland toured Namibia in 1991.

Namibian rugby still bears some similarities to its South African counterpart, using an aggressive, fast-moving game, ideal for their arid conditions.^[4] There have been some attempts to remedy this, and the conscious effort to bring in black players has included caps for the likes of Eden Meyer.^[4] Big hard forwards such as Johann Barnard are complemented by fast running backs such as Henning Snyman, Gerhard Mans and Andre Snoop (who now plays rugby league in England).^[4] It remains to be seen if Namibia can shake off image as a South African satellite.

John Robbie, former captain of Ireland and the British Lions paid tribute to Namibia, saying,

Namibia could never be fancied to win the Currie Cup against big sides such as the Transvaal and Western Province, but none of the top side ever travel to Windhoek expecting anything but the hardest of matches.^[4]

The first major hitch in Namibia's rugby ambitions came in the qualifiers for the 1995 Rugby World Cup when they were beaten 13-12 by Côte d'Ivoire, and drew 16-16 with Morocco, which prevented them from entering the tournament.^[4][5] Namibia had rested several key players against Côte d'Ivoire in this game.^[5] However, more recently Namibia have been the consistent representatives of Africa beyond South Africa itself.

Present

As in South Africa, the sport is most popular among Afrikaans speakers, but is also enjoyed by many English-speaking white Namibians. The sport is popular among school children, but the rugby union–playing population in Namibia is still relatively small with 36 clubs as of 1990.^[6]

As a vast, sparsely populated country, with little infrastructure, players frequently have to travel huge distances to games.^[4] This is a common problem in many African countries, but one Namibia has dealt with better than most. Another unusual feature of Namibian rugby is a high proportion of evangelical Christians, who often hold prayer meetings before matches and sometimes refuse to play on Sundays.^[4]

Currie Cup

The Currie Cup tournament is South Africa's premier domestic rugby union competition, featuring teams representing either entire provinces or substantial regions within provinces. Before Namibia gained its independence in 1990, the team, as South West Africa, played in South Africa's Currie Cup competition. Their best result was in 1988, when they finished third. They won the B section Currie Cup in 1987, beating Western Transvaal.

South African competitions

A Namibian team called the Welwitschias also participated in several seasons of South African domestic rugby. It entered the Vodacom Cup in 2010, 2011 and 2015. The Vodacom Cup is a second-tier competition primarily used for developmental purposes, which runs alongside the Super Rugby season and involves all 14 South African provincial unions, with some invitational teams from other countries, such as the Pampas XV from Argentina and Simba XV from Kenya.^[10]

After the demise of the competition after the 2015 season, the Welwitschias participated in the First Division of the Currie Cup competition, as well as the replacement competition for the Vodacom Cup, the Rugby Challenge, launched in 2017. However, prior to the 2018 Currie Cup First Division, a lot of teams were struggling financially. The Welwitschias were informed that they would have to pay the travel costs for teams travelling to games in Windhoek, but — after initial reports indicated that they raised the money with the help of World Rugby^[11] — they could not raise the required funds and announced their withdrawal from the competition.^[12]

NRU Premier League

The NRU Premier League is Namibia's national rugby league and is contested by eight sides from all over Namibia. The current NRU Domestic League teams are:

• FNB Wanderers R.F.C
• FNB Western Suburbs R.C
• FNB Kudus R.C
• FNB Reho Falcon R.C
• FNB Rehoboth R.C
• Trustco United R.F.C
• FNB Grootfontein R.C
• FNB UNAM R.C

NRU Reserve League

• FNB Wanderers 2 R.F.C
• FNB Western Suburbs 2 R.C
• FNB Kudus 2 R.C
• FNB Reho Falcon 2 R.C
• FNB Rehoboth 2 R.C
• Trustco United 2 R.F.C
• FNB Grootfontein 2 R.C
• FNB UNAM 2 R.C

First Division - Central

• Eastern Bulls R.C
• Vipers R.C
• Mariental R.C
• Okahandja Highlanders R.C
• NUST R.C

First Division - North/West

• Dolphin R.C
• Sparta 1 R.C
• Kudus 3 R.C
• Etosha R.C
• Sparta 2 R.C

First Division - South

• Ocean Swallows R.C
• Oranjemund R.C
• Keetmanshoop Rams R.C
• Rosh Pinah Arende R.C

NRU Womens Premier League

• Wanderers W.R.C
• Unam W.R.C
• United W.R.C
• Kudus W.R.C
• Oceans Rugby W.R.C
• Rehoboth W.R.C
• Grootfontein W.R.C

Rugby World Cup

Namibia has made the World Cup on seven occasions, in 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, and 2023 but has never won a game.^[13] In August 2018, the Welwitchias qualified for their sixth Rugby World Cup by defeating Kenya 53-28 in Windhoek. They competed in Pool B for the 2019 World Cup in Japan and drew a match against Canada to finish fourth in the group.^[14]