Kashalot
History
Russia
Name	K-322
Builder	Amur Shipyard, Komsomolsk-on-Amur
Yard number	513
Laid down	5 September 1986
Launched	18 July 1987
Commissioned	30 December 1988
Renamed	Kashalot (Кашалот)
Namesake	Kashalot
Decommissioned	9 October 2019
Identification	Pennant number: 985
Status	Decommissioned
General characteristics
Class and type	Akula-class submarine
Displacement	8,010–14,470 long tons (8,140–14,700 t) surfaced 12,570 long tons (12,770 t) submerged
Length	110.3 m (361 ft 11 in)[1] maximum
Beam	13.6 m (44 ft 7 in)
Draught	9.7 m (31 ft 10 in)
Propulsion	one 190 MW OK-650B/OK-650M pressurized water nuclear reactor (HEU <= 45%[2]) 1 OK-7 steam turbine 43,000 hp (32 MW) 2 OK-2 Turbogenerators producing 2 MW 1 seven-bladed propeller 2 OK-300 retractable electric propulsors for low-speed and quiet maneuvering at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph)
Speed	10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced 28–35 knots (52–65 km/h; 32–40 mph) submerged[3]
Endurance	100 days[4]
Test depth	480 m (1,570 ft)
Complement	73[5]
Sensors and processing systems	MGK-500 or 540 active/passive suite Flank arrays Pelamida towed array sonar MG-70 mine detection sonar
Electronic warfare & decoys	Bukhta ESM/ECM MG-74 Korund noise simulation decoys (fired from external tubes) MT-70 Sonar intercept receiver Nikhrom-M IFF
Armament	4 × 533 mm torpedo tubes (28 torpedoes) and 4 × 650 mm torpedo tubes (12 torpedoes). 1–3 × Igla-M surface-to-air missile launcher fired from sail (surface use only) Granat cruise missiles, now Kalibr
Notes	Chiblis Surface Search radar Medvyeditsa-945 Navigation system Molniya-M Satellite communications MGK-80 Underwater communications Tsunami, Kiparis, Anis, Sintez and Kora Communications antennas Paravan Towed VLF Antenna Vspletsk Combat direction system

The K-322 Kashalot was an Akula-class submarine in the Russian Navy.

Design

Project 971 has a double-hull design. The robust body is made of high quality alloy steel with σт = 1 GPa (10,000 kgf / cm²). To simplify the installation of equipment, the boat was designed using zonal blocks, which made it possible to transfer a significant amount of work from the cramped conditions of the sub's compartments directly to the workshop. After completion of the installation, the zonal unit is “rolled” into the hull of the boat and connected to the main cables and pipelines of the ship's systems.^[6] A two-stage damping system is used: all mechanisms are placed on damped foundations, in addition, each zone unit is isolated from the body by rubber-cord pneumatic shock absorbers.^[6] In addition to reducing the overall noise level of nuclear submarines, such a scheme can reduce the impact of underwater explosions on equipment and crew.^[7][6] The boat has a developed vertical tail unit with a streamlined boule, in which the towed antenna is located. Also on the submarine are two reclining thrusters and retractable bow horizontal rudders with flaps. A feature of the project is the smoothly mated connection of the tail unit to the hull. This is done to reduce noise-generating hydrodynamic eddies.

Power supply is carried out by a nuclear power plant. The lead boat, K-284 Akula, is equipped with an OK-650M.01 pressurized water-cooled nuclear reactor. On later orders, the AEU has minor improvements. Some sources report that subsequent boats are equipped with OK-9VM reactors.^[8] The thermal power of the reactor is 190 MW, the shaft power is 50,000 liters. with. Two auxiliary electric motors in the hinged outboard columns have a capacity of 410 hp. with., there is one diesel generator ASDG-1000.

Construction and career

The submarine was laid down on 5 September 1986 at Amur Shipyard, Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Launched on 18 July 1987 and commissioned on 30 December 1988.^[9]

The boat was adopted into the Navy on 25 January 1989. On 1 March, he was included in the Red Banner Pacific Fleet. He became a part of the 45th Submarine Division of the second submarine KTOF based in Kamchatka, in the Krasheninnikov Bay (Rybachy settlement).

In the summer of 1990, she completed the tasks of combat service. The duration of tracking foreign submarines in the campaign was more than 14 days (354 hours). This was the best result at that time, tracking time for the foreign submarine exceeded the best achievements of the submarines of the USSR Navy. On 13 April 1993, he received the name Kashalot.

In March 1998, the 2nd FPL of the Pacific Fleet was transferred to the 10th DPL with the former base.

In the TSD Zeya in September 2002, he was transported to the ZSO Vostok, the reactor core was unloaded, before being put into medium repair.

From 2013 to 2014, she was on the territory of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Amur Shipyard in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, awaiting repairs.

In January 2015, the Indian Navy's leadership submitted an offer to lease the Kashalot nuclear submarine after being repaired.^[10]

On 10 October 2019, a decision was made on the inexpediency and technical impossibility of further repairs and on the disposal of the submarine in May 2020.^[11] Disposal work began in 2020 on the basis of the Amur shipyard.^[12] Instead of K-322, India plans to lease K-331 Magadan.

Citations