Dr. Ruth Simmons
Simmons in 2001
8th President of Prairie View A&M University
In office
July 1, 2017 – February 28, 2023
Preceded byGeorge Wright
Succeeded byTomikia P. LeGrande
18th President of Brown University
In office
October 14, 2001 – June 30, 2012
Preceded byGordon Gee
Succeeded byChristina Paxson
9th President of Smith College
In office
1995–2001
Preceded byMary Maples Dunn
Succeeded byCarol T. Christ
Personal details
Born
Ruth Jean Stubblefield

(1945-07-03) July 3, 1945
Grapeland, Texas, U.S.
SpouseNorbert Alonzo
Children2
EducationDillard University (BA)
Harvard University (MA, PhD)
Academic background
ThesisThe poetic language of Aime Cesaire (1973)
Academic work
DisciplineRomance literature
Institutions

Ruth Simmons (born Ruth Jean Stubblefield,[1][2] July 3, 1945) is an American professor and academic administrator. Simmons served as the eighth president of Prairie View A&M University, a HBCU, from 2017 until 2023. From 2001 to 2012, she served as the 18th president of Brown University, where she was the first African American president of an Ivy League institution. Before Brown University, she headed Smith College, one of the Seven Sisters and the largest women's college in the United States, beginning in 1995.

A professor of literature in the Romance languages, in 2017, Simmons was called out of retirement to head Prairie View in her home state of Texas, where she increased scholarships and funding. She stepped down as president there in 2023.[3][4][5] She is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, an honorary fellow of Selwyn College, Cambridge, and a Chevalier of the French Legion of Honor.

In February 2023, Simmons announced plans to advise Harvard University regarding relationships with historically black universities (HBCUs).[6] As of 2023, Simmons is also a President's Distinguished Fellow at Rice University.[7]

Early life and education

Simmons was born in Grapeland, Texas, the last of 12 children of Fanny (née Campbell) and Isaac Stubblefield.[8][9] Her father was a sharecropper[10] until the family moved to Houston during her school years. Her paternal grandfather descends partly from the Benza and Kota people, enslaved people from Gabon,[11][12] while her maternal line is traced back to the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean[13] who were enslaved by the Spaniards.

While in school, one of her teachers,Vernell Lillie, talked to her about attending college, something she had never considered before.[14] She earned her bachelor's degree, on scholarship, from Dillard University in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1967. She earned her master's and a doctorate in Romance literature from Harvard University in 1970 and 1973, respectively.[15]

Career

Early academic positions

Simmons was an assistant professor of French at the University of New Orleans (UNO) from 1973 to 1976 and Assistant Dean of the UNO's College of Liberal Arts from 1975 to 1976. She moved to California State University, Northridge in 1977, as administrative coordinator of its NEH Liberal Studies Project. From 1978 to 1979, she was acting director of CSU-Northridge's International Programs and visiting associate professor of Pan-African Studies.[16]

Simmons moved to the University of Southern California in 1979 as assistant dean of graduate studies and later as associate dean of graduate studies.[17] In 1983, she moved to Princeton University and served as assistant dean of faculty and then associate dean of faculty from 1986 to 1990. Simmons served as provost at Spelman College from 1990 to 1991 and returned to Princeton as its vice provost from 1992 to 1995.[16]

Smith College presidency

In 1995, Simmons was selected as president of Smith College, which she led until 2001. As president of Smith College, Simmons started the first engineering program at a U.S. woman's college.[18]

Brown University presidency

Simmons in 2008 during her tenure as President of Brown University

In November 2000, Simmons became the first African American woman to head an Ivy League school,[19][20] assuming the office in October 2001, succeeding Gordon Gee. She also held appointments as a professor in the Departments of Comparative Literature and Africana Studies. In 2002, Newsweek selected her as a Ms. Woman of the Year, while in 2001, Time named her as America's best college president.[21]

At Brown, she completed a $1.4 billion initiative – the largest in Brown's history – known as Boldly Brown: The Campaign for Academic Enrichment to enhance Brown's academic programs. In 2004, former Brown student Sidney E. Frank made the largest aggregate monetary contribution to Brown in its history in the amount of $120 million. The Frank gifts were principally devoted to scholarship assistance to Brown students and Brown's programs in the sciences.[22]

In 2007, philanthropist Warren Alpert made a similar contribution to strengthen the programs of The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University in the amount of $100 million. As reported in a May 22, 2009 press release, Brown Chancellor Thomas J. Tisch announced the early attainment of the $1.4 billion fundraising campaign and the continued pursuit of specific subsidiary goals in support of endowments for student scholarships of the Brown faculty and internationalization programs through the originally planned campaign to be continued through December 31, 2010.[23]

In 2006, during an orientation meeting with parents, Simmons denied interest in the presidency of Harvard University, headed at the time by interim president Derek Bok. Nevertheless, a 2007 New York Times article, featuring a photograph of Simmons, reported that the Harvard Corporation, responsible for selecting the university's replacement for former president Lawrence Summers, had been given a list of "potential candidates" that included her name.[24]

In August 2007, Simmons was invited to deliver the 60th Annual Reading of the historic 1790 George Washington Letter to Touro Synagogue at the Synagogue in Newport, Rhode Island, in response to Moses Seixas on the subject of religious pluralism.[25] According to a March 2009 poll by The Brown Daily Herald, Simmons had more than an 80% approval rating among Brown undergraduates.[26]

In September 2011, Simmons announced that she would step down from her position as Brown President at the end of the 2011–12 academic year, initially saying she would remain at Brown as a professor of comparative literature and Africana studies. She was succeeded as the Brown President on June 30, 2012, by Christina Paxson.[27]

Goldman Sachs role and compensation

Simmons earned annual compensations of over $300,000 from Goldman Sachs (on top of her annual salary from Brown of over $500,000), while serving on the Goldman board of directors during the late-2000s financial crisis; in addition, she left the Goldman board (which she had joined in 2000) in 2009 with over $4.3 million in Goldman stock.[28][29] During her term on Goldman's board, she also served on the compensation committee of Goldman's ten-person board, which decided how large Goldman executives' post-crash bonuses would be: these bonuses included a $68 million bonus for the company's chairman and CEO, Lloyd C. Blankfein, in 2007, and a $9 million bonus in 2009, after Goldman received money in the federal TARP bailout.[28][29] The revelations of Simmons's role received intense criticism from both alumni and students with a then-sophomore stating that Simmons's actions "brought shame on the university."[28] Simmons was cited in the 2010 film Inside Job, as an example of the conflicts of interest between university economics departments and deregulation of financial institutions.[30]

Transnational initiatives at Brown

In 2003, Simmons established the University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice. In 2006, the Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice was published, examining the university's complex history with the transatlantic slave trade.[31][32][33] On February 16, 2007, at an event celebrating the 200th anniversary of the passage of the Slave Trade Act of 1807 and the involvement of Cambridge University alumni William Wilberforce, Thomas Clarkson and William Pitt the Younger, Simmons delivered a lecture at St. John's College, Cambridge, entitled Hidden in Plain Sight: Slavery and Justice in Rhode Island.[34] Also in February 2007, Brown University published its official Response to the Report of the Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice following the completion of the historic inquiry undertaken by the committee appointed by Simmons.[35]

In October 2007, Simmons appointed David W. Kennedy, the former Manley O. Hudson Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, as vice president for international affairs.[36]

As an additional element of Simmons' leadership of Brown's international efforts, Brown and Banco Santander of Spain inaugurated an annual series of International Advanced Research Institutes to convene younger scholars from emerging and developing countries at Brown in a signing ceremony on November 13, 2008, at the John Hay Library between Brown provost David Kertzer and Emilio Botin, chairman of Banco Santander.[37] As noted by Simmons: "To be at the forefront of research today means being in conversation with global peers."

In March 2010, Simmons traveled to India as part of a major program called the Year of India, dedicated to improving the understanding of Indian history, politics, education, and culture among Brown students and faculty.[38][39]

On September 15, 2011, Simmons announced that she would step down from the Brown presidency at the end of the academic year, June 30, 2012.[40]

Prairie View A&M University presidency

After five years of retirement, Simmons was invited to take on the presidency of Prairie View A&M University, an HBCU in Texas. Following several meetings with TAMUS Chancellor John Sharp and the Board of Regents, on June 19, 2017, she agreed to step in as the interim president of Prairie View, assuming the office on July 1, 2017.[41] On December 4, 2017, she was officially named the eighth president of Prairie View A&M University. She is the first woman to serve as president of Prairie View A&M.[42][43]

At Prairie View A&M, Simmons focused her efforts on improving the financial stability of the university, particularly on fundraising tens of millions dollars for the Panther Success Grants. Her vision for the university: "I plan to ensure that Prairie View A&M University sustains excellence in teaching, research and service for another 140-plus years. We will promote throughout the country a narrative of a Prairie View that is strong, and we will raise funds in a new and vital way so that the University will have the flexibility it needs to advance and make more visible its reach."[10][44] On March 11, 2022, Simmons announced that she would step down as president when the university named her successor.[3]

In 2022, Prairie View A&M announced that scholarships had increased and donations to the university had grown by 40% during Simmons’ presidency.[5]

Civic activities and honors

See also

References

  1. ↑ Listed as "Ruth Geary Stubblefield" on the Texas Birth Records, could be a typo; According to the Texas Birth Index, 1903-1997 - Ancestry.com
  2. ↑ Barry Beckham, "Dr Ruth J. Simmons - Precedent-setting president", The Crisis, March–April 2001, p. 24.
  3. 1 2 "Dr. Ruth J. Simmons to Step Down as President of Prairie View A&M". Diverse: Issues In Higher Education. 2022-03-12. Retrieved 2022-04-02.
  4. ↑ McGee, Kate (2023-02-10). "Ruth Simmons will resign early as president of Prairie View A&M University". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
  5. 1 2 McGee, Kate (2022-03-30). "Outgoing Prairie View A&M President Ruth Simmons will remain at university, create new leadership diversity program". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved 2022-04-02.
  6. ↑ Milkowski, Gray (2023-02-27). "Ruth Simmons named to senior post advising on HBCU partnerships". Harvard Gazette. Retrieved 2023-03-24.
  7. ↑ "Ruth Simmons to join Rice as President's Distinguished Fellow". Rice News | News and Media Relations | Rice University. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
  8. ↑ Stated on Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates, Jr., PBS, April 29, 2012
  9. ↑ Biography Today: Profiles of People of Interest to Young Readers – Google Books
  10. 1 2 Lorin, Janet (19 March 2021). "Ivy League Star, a Sharecropper's Child, Revives a Black College". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
  11. ↑ Sarah Rodman, "Brown president Ruth Simmons traces 'Roots'", The Boston Globe.
  12. ↑ Your genetic
  13. ↑ ""Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates, Jr." - DNA in the Seventh Episode".
  14. ↑ Lowe, Shelley. "The Value of Difference".
  15. ↑ Simmons, Ruth Jean (1973). The Poetic Language Of Aime Cesaire (Ph.D. thesis). Harvard University. OCLC 32414601. ProQuest 302720917.
  16. 1 2 21, 2017
  17. ↑ USC Perspectives 10/08/01.
  18. ↑ "The Simmons Years". Retrieved December 21, 2017.
  19. ↑ Wan, William (April 22, 2016). "First Black Heroes - Successful African Americans". Washington Post.
  20. ↑ "A New President for Brown University", New York Times, November 11, 2000.
  21. ↑ "Ruth J. Simmons: 2001-2012 - Office of the President - Brown University". www.brown.edu. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  22. ↑ "The Giver". Brown Alumni Magazine. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  23. ↑ "'Boldly Brown' Campaign Crosses the $1.4-Billion Mark; Work Continues". Press Release from Brown University, May 22, 2009.
  24. ↑ Alan Finder, "Headhunters at Harvard May Pick a Woman", The New York Times, January 8, 2007.
  25. ↑ "Brown President Ruth J. Simmons to Speak at Touro Synagogue". Press Release from Brown University, August 15, 2007.
  26. ↑ Hannah Moser and Seth Motel, "Students support 'Fall Weekend'", The Brown Daily Herald, March 30, 2009.
  27. ↑ Patricia Daddona, "R.I. college leaders paid well compared to peers", Providence Business News, June 14, 2014.
  28. 1 2 3 Graham Bowley, "Questions at Brown on Ruth Simmons's Role at Goldman", New York Times, March 1, 2010.
  29. 1 2 Simmons defends Goldman ties
  30. ↑ Inside Job, Charles Ferguson, 2010.
  31. ↑ Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice from Brown University.
  32. ↑ Frances FitzGerald, "Peculiar Institutions", The New Yorker, September 12, 2005, p. 68.
  33. ↑ https://www.brown.edu/Research/Slavery_Justice/documents/SlaveryAndJustice.pdf
  34. ↑ "Slavery: Then and Now" Archived 2009-08-15 at the Wayback Machine. Anti-Slavery Conference at St John's College, February 2007
  35. ↑ https://brown.edu/Research/Slavery_Justice/documents/SJ_response_to_the_report.pdf
  36. ↑ "David Kennedy Named Vice President for International Affairs". Press Release on International Affairs from Brown University, October 13, 2007.
  37. ↑ Watson Institute
  38. ↑ Ruth J. Simmons | We want our students to be aware of India Live Mint, March 30, 2010.
  39. ↑ Year of India, Brown University's Year of India.
  40. ↑ "Simmons to Step Down as President of Brown U." The Chronicle of Higher Education. 2011-09-16. Retrieved 2023-01-13.
  41. ↑ Allan, Sammy (2018-04-22). "Simmons' Presidency Ushers in New Era for Prairie View". Diverse.
  42. ↑ "Ruth Simmons, Ph.D. Named Interim President of Prairie View A&M University : PVAMU News". www.pvamu.edu. Archived from the original on 2017-06-19. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
  43. ↑ "Back on Texas Soil".
  44. ↑ "Prairie View A&M University Receives $10,000,000 Gift for Financial Aid" (PDF). Prairie View A&M University (Press release). November 9, 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
  45. ↑ "Ruth Simmons". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
  46. ↑ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
  47. ↑ "Emeritus Fellows". Selwyn College. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  48. ↑ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  49. ↑ "President Obama Announces Appointments to the President's Commission on White House Fellowships" Archived 2010-04-11 at the Wayback Machine, The White House, June 17, 2009.
  50. ↑ Skocpol, Michael (2010-01-18). "Honored by BET, Simmons rubs elbows with the stars". Brown Daily Herald. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
  51. ↑ "EIHS Medalists". medalists.eihonors.org. Retrieved 2021-02-02.
  52. ↑ Nickel, Mark (25 May 2012). "Corporation honor: The Ruth J. Simmons Quadrangle". Brown University. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  53. ↑ "Race in America: HBCUs with Ruth J. Simmons, PhD". Washington Post. 2021-10-06. Retrieved 2023-06-29.
  54. ↑ Gross, Elana Lyn; Voytko, Lisette; McGrath, Maggie (2021-06-02). "The New Golden Age". Forbes. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
  55. ↑ Kimball, Jill (30 March 2023). "Brown University renames Center for the Study of Slavery and Justice in honor of Ruth J. Simmons". Brown University. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  56. ↑ "Two decades later, Brown to rename center after former president who pushed the university to examine its roots to slavery". The Boston Globe. 30 March 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  57. ↑ Greenberg, Susan H. "Ruth Simmons Delivers Stirring Tribute to the Humanities". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
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