Sabah صباح
Sabah in the 1960s
Background information
Birth name	Jeanette Georges Feghali جانيت جرجس فغالي
Also known as	Shahruret-el Wadi (Arabic: شحرورة الوادي,[1] meaning the "Songbird of the Valley", based upon her region of origin, Wadi Chahrour also called Ourrouar)
Born	(1927-11-10)10 November 1927 Bdadoun, Greater Lebanon
Died	26 November 2014(2014-11-26) (aged 87) Beirut, Lebanon
Genres	Arabic music, traditional
Occupation(s)	Singer, actress
Instrument(s)	Vocals
Years active	1943–2014
Spouse(s)	Rushdy Abaza Najib Chammas Anwar Mansy Ahmed Farraj Youssef (Joe) Hammoud Wassim Tabbara Fadi Lubnan

Sabah (Arabic: صباح Ṣabāḥ Lebanese pronunciation: [sˤɑˈbaːħ]; born Jeanette Gergis al-Feghali, جانيت جرجس فغالي; 10 November 1927 – 26 November 2014) was a Lebanese singer and actress, specializing in mawwal, a popular genre of traditional music in the Middle East.^{[2][3][4][5][6]} She had performed in many Egyptian movies and songs.^[7][8] She was named the blackbird for her strong and rhythmic voice.^[9][10][11]

Early life

Sabah was born to a Maronite Christian family in Bdadoun, Aley, as the youngest of three daughters. During her childhood she accused her father of bullying her because he wanted a son. Her brother would go on to kill their mother on the suspicion of her having an affair. The death of her mother worsened Sabah's already difficult childhood.^[2][12][13]

Career

Sabah on the cover of Al Chabaka Magazine, April 1965

Sabah emerged when the field of Arab singers was already crowded with formidable competitors. These included Umm Kulthum (1898-1975), Nagat El Saghira (born 1938), Warda Al-Jazairia (1939–2012), Shadia (1931–2017), Fairuz (born 1934), and others.

Sabah started singing at a young age and released her first song in Lebanon in 1940 at age 13.^[3] She was invited to Egypt in the early 1940s by the actress and producer Assia Dagher and acted with Dagher on her first movie El-Qalb Luh Wahid (The Heart Has Its Reasons), released in 1945, which gained her regional fame.^[3][14] She then became officially known by her character's name - Sabah, Arabic for "morning".^[3] She also acquired several affectionate nicknames, including "Chahroura" ("songbird"), "Ustura" (legend), shams Al shamoos (The sun of the suns) and "Sabbouha", a diminutive of Sabah.^[3][14][15]

Among her most popular films were The Night is Ours (1949), My Father Deceived Me (1951), That's What Love Is (1961), Soft Hands (1963), Three Women (1968), Paris and Love (1972), and The Second Man (1959), in which she played a cabaret singer who vows to avenge her brother's death at the hands of a smuggling ring.^[3]

Sabah with Salah Zulfikar in Paris and Love (1972)

In the 1990s, she and her former husband, Fadi Lubnan (Kuntar), made a documentary about her life, which aired on Future Television under the title "The Journey of My Life" (مشوار حياتي).

During her music career, she recorded more than 3,000 songs, working with a number of well-known Egyptian composers, including the late Mohammed Abdel Wahab.^[14] She specialized in a Lebanese folk tradition called the mawal, and her most famous songs included "Zay el-Assal" ("Your Love is Like Honey on my Heart") and "Akhadou el-Reeh" ("They Took the Wind").^[3][15] She released over 50 albums and acted in 98 films during her career.^[3] Sabah's youthfulness and the joy she brought in her performances made her a living symbol of the "belle époque" and the "joie de vivre" in the Levant and the Arab world.^[12] She also sang at weddings in Lebanon during the Lebanese civil war.^[16]

Until 2009, she performed in concert and on television, including programs such as Star Academy. She also collaborated closely with singer Rola Saad in remaking some of her old hits, such as "Yana Yana". The accompanying video, in which Sabah is shown as "the notorious diva" to whom her younger colleague pays tribute, has received wide play on Arabic music channels. She also hosted the TV show Akher Man Yalam on 31 May 2010.

During the 2011 Beiteddine Art Festival, a show retracing the journey of Sabah as a singer and movie star was performed.^[17] In the title role, Rouwaida Attieh shared the stage with more than 40 singers and dancers to honor her works.

In 2010, she retired due to an illness that left her with paralysis in one of her arms and legs.^[18]

Personal life

Sabah carried passports from Lebanon, Egypt, Jordan, and the United States.^[3]

She married Lebanese businessman Najib Chammas when she was 18,^[16] but would go on to marry nine more times, most notably to Egyptian actor Rushdy Abaza,^[19] as well as Egyptian musician Anwar Mansy, Egyptian television presenter Ahmed Farraj, Lebanese politician Youssef (Joe) Hammoud, and Lebanese author-director Wassim Tabbara.^[3] Hammoud allegedly divorced Sabah in the 1970s due to a scandal following a performance where she wore revealing shorts.^[16][15] Her penultimate marriage, which lasted 17 years, was to the much-younger Lebanese artist Fadi Lubnan.^[16] Her final marriage was to Joseph Gharib in 2013, at the age of 85.^[16]

She had two children, Sabah Chammas (from her marriage to Najib Chammas) and Howayda Mansy (from her marriage to Anwar Mansy).^[16] Sabah is a medical doctor, and Howayda,^[20] is a singer, actress, and socialite. Both of her children live in the United States.^[3]

After selling her house in Hazmieh, which she described as "too big and cold for only one person", she moved to the neighboring Hotel Comfort in Baabda, Mount Lebanon, a hill city overlooking Beirut and the Mediterranean Sea. She later lived in another hotel next to Baabda.

Sabah in Beirut in 2007

Sabah is the aunt of Brazilian congresswoman Jandira Feghali and of her brother, Ricardo Feghali, who is a musician, songwriter, and member of the Brazilian band Roupa Nova.^[21][22]

Death

Rumors of Sabah's death circulated days before she died. Amused by the rumors, Sabah said, "Even in my death, I'm making people busy."^[3][15]

Sabah died on 26 November 2014, around 3:00 a.m., sixteen days after her 87th birthday, in her home at Hotel Brazilia from unspecified reasons. Clauda Akl, the daughter of her sister, actress Lamia Feghaly, published the news on her webpage at around 6:45 a.m. She mentioned that Sabah wished people would not feel sad and dance the Dabkeh at her funeral, saying "I've lived enough." After her death, her hairdresser Joseph Gharib said in an interview that Sabah loved to wear red lipstick during her last days.

On Sunday, 30 November 2014, four days after Sabah's death, thousands of people filled the streets to pay their respects. Her family, Lebanese officials, and many Arab delegates packed into St. George Cathedral in downtown Beirut to bid farewell to the singer, actress, and entertainer.

In front of the cathedral, the official Lebanese Army band played the national anthem, followed by many songs from Sabah's repertoire, a first in the country's history. Fans clapped and sang their favorite Sabah songs. A troupe of dancers in traditional dress performed to her music playing from loudspeakers.

Sabah mural on the Assaf building in Hamra Street, Beirut

For the funeral mass, Sabah's flag-draped coffin stood near the altar with a giant picture of the singer as a younger woman with her signature voluminous peroxide-blond hair. After the service, mourners carried the casket to a hearse waiting outside while people clapped, threw flowers, and reached out to touch it and take photographs. Sabah's body was carried through many towns to the church of her hometown of Bdadoun, where she was buried.^[23]

Legacy

Al Shahrourah,^[24] a TV drama based on her life, aired during Ramadan in 2011. She was portrayed by actress/singer Carole Samaha. Sabah's reaction toward the series was mainly positive, although she commented on certain inaccuracies, such as the depiction of her father as wearing traditional Lebanese garb.^[25]

Months before she died, the Lebanese journalist Rima Njeim hosted a TV episode honoring her, which aired live on MTV Lebanon.^[26]

Her music is being taught in music classes in Lebanon.

In 2015, graffiti artists Halwani and the brothers Omar and Mohammad Kabbani commemorated Sabah in monumental murals on the sides of buildings in Beirut, paying tribute to the way she defied gender-based and other social taboos, challenging Lebanon's culture of sectarianism and providing an alternative to images of political leaders and their sloganeering.^[27]

On 10 November 2017, Google celebrated what would have been her 90th birthday with a Google Doodle.^[28]

Marvel's Moon Knight TV series plays her song Saat Saat from the 1980 Egyptian movie A Night When The Moon Cried, at the end of Episode 5.^[29][30]

On 6 September 2023, the Alexandria Film Festival published the result of a poll it had organized to curate a list of the top one hundred Egyptian musical films. This poll was conducted with the involvement of approximately 32 film critics and cinematographers. Among the chosen one hundred films, Sabah appeared in six of them, including; "Love Street" (1959), "The Unmarried Mother" (1950), "Bolbol Afandi" (1946), "Soft Hands" (1964), "Leila Baka Feha Al Qamar" (1980), and "He Stole My Wife" (1954).

Awards

In 2004 Sabah was honored at the Alexandria Song Festival and the Cairo Film Festival.^[31] That same year, she was honored in Beirut with a statue.^[31]

In 2010 she received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Dubai International Film Festival.^[32]

She was honored by the Lebanese Republic many times, including receiving the National Order of the Cedar medal.^[33]

Work

Sabah released over 50 albums and acted in 98 movies, and over 20 stage plays. She had a reported repertoire of over 3,500 songs.

References