Salem, Illinois | |
|---|---|
.jpg.webp) Downtown Salem, July 2019 | |
 Location in Marion County, Illinois | |
  Salem Location in the United States | |
| Coordinates: 38°37′40″N 88°57′33″W / 38.62778°N 88.95917°W[1] | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Marion |
| Townships | Salem, Tonti |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Nicolas Farley [2] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 7.15 sq mi (18.51 km2) |
| • Land | 6.99 sq mi (18.11 km2) |
| • Water | 0.15 sq mi (0.40 km2) |
| Elevation | 545 ft (166 m) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 7,282 |
| • Density | 1,041.62/sq mi (402.18/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 62881 |
| Area code | 618 |
| FIPS code | 17-67236 |
| GNIS ID | 2396526[1] |
| Public Transit | South Central Transit |
| Wikimedia Commons | Salem, Illinois |
| Website | www |
Salem is a city in and the county seat of Marion County, Illinois, United States.[5] The population was 7,282 at the 2020 census.[4]
History
Salem was founded in 1823 as the county seat of the newly formed Marion County. It is situated halfway between the Indiana and Missouri borders on what was originally the Vincennes-St. Louis Road, now U.S. Highway 50.[6]
Salem was formerly a sundown town. For decades, Salem had signs on each main road going into town telling African Americans that they were not allowed in town after sundown.[7]
In the late 1930s, production increased in local oil fields, leading to a significant population increase in the city.[8]
Several benefits that made it into the G.I. Bill were drafted in Salem, on November 4, 1943. The plan was taken to Washington D.C. by Governor Stelle to then-President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who signed it into law on June 22, 1944. The law was officially titled the Servicemen's Readjustment Act and was created to assist veterans of active service in the armed forces during World War II.[9]
Geography
Salem is located in central Marion County. U.S. Route 50 passes through the city center as Main Street, leading east 26 miles (42 km) to Flora and west 23 miles (37 km) to Carlyle. Illinois Route 37 (Broadway) crosses US 50 in the center of town, leading north 7 miles (11 km) to Alma and south 15 miles (24 km) to Dix. Interstate 57 passes through the west side of Salem, with access from Exit 116 (US 50); the Interstate leads northeast 45 miles (72 km) to Effingham and south 21 miles (34 km) to Mount Vernon.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Salem has a total area of 7.15 square miles (18.52 km2), of which 6.99 square miles (18.10 km2) are land and 0.16 square miles (0.41 km2), or 2.17%, are water.[3] Town Creek flows through the east side of the city, running to Crooked Creek just south of the city limits. Via Crooked Creek, Salem is part of the Kaskaskia River watershed.
Climate
| Climate data for Salem, Illinois (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1932–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 71 (22) |
78 (26) |
85 (29) |
91 (33) |
100 (38) |
104 (40) |
105 (41) |
105 (41) |
100 (38) |
94 (34) |
82 (28) |
74 (23) |
105 (41) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 61.0 (16.1) |
66.6 (19.2) |
75.3 (24.1) |
82.2 (27.9) |
88.0 (31.1) |
93.9 (34.4) |
95.4 (35.2) |
95.1 (35.1) |
91.4 (33.0) |
85.2 (29.6) |
72.9 (22.7) |
62.8 (17.1) |
97.1 (36.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 38.4 (3.6) |
43.4 (6.3) |
54.0 (12.2) |
66.2 (19.0) |
75.7 (24.3) |
84.5 (29.2) |
87.8 (31.0) |
86.6 (30.3) |
80.4 (26.9) |
68.7 (20.4) |
54.3 (12.4) |
42.8 (6.0) |
65.2 (18.4) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 29.6 (−1.3) |
33.7 (0.9) |
43.5 (6.4) |
55.0 (12.8) |
65.2 (18.4) |
74.2 (23.4) |
77.6 (25.3) |
75.9 (24.4) |
68.6 (20.3) |
56.9 (13.8) |
44.1 (6.7) |
34.2 (1.2) |
54.9 (12.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 20.8 (−6.2) |
24.0 (−4.4) |
33.0 (0.6) |
43.7 (6.5) |
54.6 (12.6) |
63.8 (17.7) |
67.4 (19.7) |
65.2 (18.4) |
56.9 (13.8) |
45.0 (7.2) |
34.0 (1.1) |
25.6 (−3.6) |
44.5 (6.9) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 1.0 (−17.2) |
7.1 (−13.8) |
16.5 (−8.6) |
29.9 (−1.2) |
40.6 (4.8) |
51.9 (11.1) |
58.8 (14.9) |
56.8 (13.8) |
43.8 (6.6) |
30.8 (−0.7) |
20.1 (−6.6) |
8.2 (−13.2) |
−2.0 (−18.9) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −23 (−31) |
−23 (−31) |
−8 (−22) |
20 (−7) |
31 (−1) |
38 (3) |
48 (9) |
44 (7) |
33 (1) |
21 (−6) |
2 (−17) |
−20 (−29) |
−23 (−31) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.07 (78) |
2.56 (65) |
3.73 (95) |
4.69 (119) |
4.99 (127) |
5.08 (129) |
4.07 (103) |
3.80 (97) |
3.54 (90) |
3.44 (87) |
3.99 (101) |
2.93 (74) |
45.89 (1,166) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 3.9 (9.9) |
2.5 (6.4) |
0.2 (0.51) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.6 (1.5) |
2.9 (7.4) |
10.2 (26) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 9.5 | 8.3 | 9.8 | 10.6 | 11.8 | 10.0 | 8.5 | 8.1 | 7.1 | 8.7 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 111.0 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 2.4 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 7.0 |
| Source: NOAA[10][11] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1870 | 1,182 | — | |
| 1880 | 1,327 | 12.3% | |
| 1890 | 1,493 | 12.5% | |
| 1900 | 1,642 | 10.0% | |
| 1910 | 2,669 | 62.5% | |
| 1920 | 3,457 | 29.5% | |
| 1930 | 4,420 | 27.9% | |
| 1940 | 7,319 | 65.6% | |
| 1950 | 6,159 | −15.8% | |
| 1960 | 6,165 | 0.1% | |
| 1970 | 6,187 | 0.4% | |
| 1980 | 7,813 | 26.3% | |
| 1990 | 7,470 | −4.4% | |
| 2000 | 7,909 | 5.9% | |
| 2010 | 7,485 | −5.4% | |
| 2020 | 7,282 | −2.7% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[12] | |||
At the 2000 census there were 7,909 people in 3,249 households, including 2,082 families, in the city. The population density was 1,296.5 inhabitants per square mile (500.6/km2). There were 3,473 housing units at an average density of 569.3 per square mile (219.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.13% White, 0.72% African American, 0.30% Native American, 1.15% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.14% from other races, and 0.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.72%.[13]
Of the 3,249 households, 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.8% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 32.3% of households were one person and 17.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.91.
The age distribution was 23.5% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.9 males.
The median household income was $34,339 and the median family income was $42,070. Males had a median income of $31,811 versus $21,931 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,954. About 6.1% of families and 9.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.2% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Public schools:
- Salem Community High School
- Salem Elementary School District 111, which is split into two separate schools:
- Hawthorn, a Kindergarten through 3rd grade school.
- Franklin Park, a 4th through 8th grade school.
- Selmaville Elementary School
Notable people
- Jim Bredar, basketball player for 1950–51 Illinois team that reached NCAA basketball tournament's Final Four; born in Salem
- Charles W. Bryan, 20th and 23rd governor of Nebraska; younger brother of William Jennings Bryan; born in Salem[14]
- William Jennings Bryan, 41st US Secretary of State; US congressman representing Nebraska's 1st district, 3-time U.S. presidential candidate; born in Salem[15]
- Jim Finks, pro football player and executive; attended high school in Salem
- Merle Harmon, sports broadcaster; born in Salem
- Bill Laswell, bassist, producer, and record label owner
- Jess Marlow, television journalist; born in Salem
- Rockette Morton, musician and bassist with Captain Beefheart and The Magic Band
- John T. Scopes, science teacher who defended the teaching of evolution against William Jennings Bryan in Dayton, Tennessee, at the Scopes Trial
- Morrie Steevens, pitcher for Chicago Cubs and Philadelphia Phillies; born in Salem
- Erastus D. Telford, Illinois state senator and lawyer
Arts and culture
Salem is home to four buildings on the National Register of Historic Places: the Charles and Naomi Bachmann House, the Badollet House, the William Jennings Bryan Boyhood Home, and Grace Methodist Church.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered an address on May 3, 1934, dedicating a statue of William Jennings Bryan created by Gutzon Borglum. The statue originally stood in Washington, D.C., but was displaced by highway construction in 1961 and moved to Salem, Bryan's birthplace, with formal Congressional approval in 1974.[16]
References
- 1 2 3 U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Salem, Illinois
- ↑ "Mayor & City Council | Salem, IL". Archived 2021-08-02 at the Wayback Machine
- 1 2 "2022 U.S. Gazetteer Files: Illinois". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 23, 2023. Archived September 22, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
- 1 2 "P1. Race – Salem city, Illinois: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved February 23, 2023. Archived February 24, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011. Archived 2012-07-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Early History | Salem, IL". www.salemil.us. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
- ↑ Loewen, James W. (2005). Sundown Towns: a hidden dimension of American racism. The New Press. pp. 12–13. ISBN 156584887X.
- ↑ "Illinois History". Illinois Petroleum Resources Board. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
- ↑ "G. I. Bill of Rights | Salem, IL". www.salemil.us. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
- ↑ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 24, 2021. Archived June 5, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Station: Salem, IL". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 24, 2021. Archived 2021-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015. Archived April 26, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008. Archived 2021-07-01 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Charles W. Bryan". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on December 2, 2012. Retrieved September 24, 2012. Archived 30 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Nebraska State Historical Society". Nebraska State Historical Society. Archived from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) Archived 25 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine - ↑ "Address of the President at the Dedication of the Bryan Memorial" (PDF). May 3, 1934. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 11, 2021.
External links
38°37′42″N 88°56′54″W / 38.6282°N 88.9482°W
Municipalities and communities of Marion County, Illinois, United States | ||
|---|---|---|
| Cities |  Map of Illinois highlighting Marion County | |
| Villages | ||
| Townships | ||
| Unincorporated communities | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |