Sebastián Piñera | |
---|---|
34th and 36th President of Chile | |
In office 11 March 2018 – 11 March 2022 | |
Preceded by | Michelle Bachelet |
Succeeded by | Gabriel Boric |
In office 11 March 2010 – 11 March 2014 | |
Preceded by | Michelle Bachelet |
Succeeded by | Michelle Bachelet |
President pro tempore of PROSUR | |
In office 22 March 2019 – 12 December 2020 | |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Iván Duque |
Leader of National Renewal | |
In office 26 May 2001 – 10 March 2004 | |
Preceded by | Alberto Cardemil |
Succeeded by | Sergio Díez |
Senator for Eastern Santiago | |
In office 11 March 1990 – 11 March 1998 | |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Carlos Bombal |
Personal details | |
Born | Miguel Juan Sebastián Piñera Echenique 1 December 1949 Santiago, Chile |
Political party | National Renewal (1989–2010)[lower-alpha 1] Independent (2010–present) |
Other political affiliations | Coalition for Change (2009–2013) Chile Vamos (2015–present) |
Spouse | |
Children | 4 |
Education | Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (BS) Harvard University (MA, PhD) |
Signature | |
Website | Official website |
Miguel Juan Sebastián Piñera Echenique (Spanish: [miˈɣel ˈxwan seβasˈtjam piˈɲeɾa etʃeˈnike] ; born 1 December 1949 ⓘ[1][2]) is a Chilean billionaire businessman and politician who served as president of Chile from 2010 to 2014 and again from 2018 to 2022.
The son of a Christian Democratic politician and diplomat, he studied business administration at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile and economics at Harvard University. As of January 2023, he had an estimated net worth of $2.7 billion, according to Forbes, making him one of the richest people in Chile.[3][4]
A member of the liberal-conservative National Renewal party, he served as a senator for the East Santiago district from 1990 to 1998, running for the presidency in the 2005 election, which he lost to Michelle Bachelet, and again, successfully, in 2010. As a result, he became Chile's first conservative president to be democratically elected since 1958,[5] and the first to hold the office since the departure of Augusto Pinochet in 1990.[6]
Following the social unrest that erupted in late 2019, Piñera's diminished capacity to govern according to the principle of presidentialism led to claims that Chile is in a state of de facto parliamentarism or should become parliamentary.[7][8][9][10][lower-alpha 2]
Early life and education
Piñera is the sixth child of José Piñera Carvallo and Magdalena Echenique Rozas. Among his ancestors on his maternal side is his mother's great-great-grandmother, Luisa Pinto Garmendia, the sister of President Aníbal Pinto Garmendia and daughter of President Francisco Antonio Pinto and Luisa Garmendia Alurralde, who was a descendant of the penultimate Inca emperor, Huayna Capac.[11] He is a nephew of the former oldest living Roman Catholic bishop in the world, Bernardino Piñera, who died in 2020 due to complications from COVID-19.[12][13]
Piñera's family moved to Belgium one year after his birth and later to New York City, where his father was the Chilean ambassador to the United Nations. Piñera returned to Chile in 1955 and enrolled in the Colegio del Verbo Divino ("Divine Word College"), from which he graduated in 1967.[14]
Piñera then enrolled at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, from which he graduated in 1971 with an undergraduate degree in commercial engineering. Upon graduation, he was awarded the Raúl Iver Oxley Prize, which is given to the best overall student in each class.[15]
Piñera continued on to Harvard University on a partial Fulbright Program for postgraduate studies in economics. During his time at Harvard, Piñera and a classmate coauthored an article, "The Old South's Stake in the Inter-Regional Movement of Slaves", for the Journal of Economic History.[16] After three years at Harvard, Piñera graduated with both a Master of Arts and PhD in Economics.[17]
Career
Teaching
Piñera was an economics lecturer from 1971 until 1988 at the University of Chile, the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, and Adolfo Ibáñez University. In 1971, he was in charge of Economic Political Theory in the School of Economics at the University of Chile, and in 1972, at the Valparaiso Business School.[18]
Foundations
In 1989, with Cecilia Morel, Danica Radic, and Paula Délano, Piñera created the Enterprising Women Foundation (Fundación Mujer Emprende), originally called The House of Youth (La Casa de la Juventud). The foundation aims to assist in the development of young women of lower income.[19]
In 1973, Piñera created the foundation Fundación Futuro, of which he is president and whose directors are Cristián Boza D., María Teresa Chadwick P., Hugo Montes B., Cecilia Morel M., Renato Poblete S.J., and Fabio Valdés C. The head director of the foundation is Magdalena Piñera.[20] The foundation's mission is to help in Chile's development of justice, freedom and democracy.[21] The foundation was renamed Fundación Cultura y Sociedad after Piñera was elected president.[22]
Under the Fundación Cultura y Sociedad (formerly Fundación Futuro), the Grupo Tantauco has the mission of environmentalism, and is administered by Juan Carlos Urquidi. It was created to support the proposals Piñera plans to institute during his presidency.[23] In 2005, Piñera created Tantauco Park (Spanish: Parque Tantauco), a 1,180 km2 (456 sq mi) private natural reserve he bought and owns on the south end of Chiloé Island, in order to protect 118,000 hectares of the region's unique ecosystem. His foundation runs the park, which is open to the public and is an ecotourist location.
In fact, Piñera bought the 118,000 hectares in Chiloé through an offshore company in Panama. He has faced pressure to cede eight hectares to sixteen Indian families whose presence pre-dates Piñera's purchase and who have spent years negotiating to obtain title to their familial lands.[24][25]
An additional project, Grupo Tantauco: Derechos Humanos, was proposed in hopes of beginning a reconciliation between the Chilean people who suffered human rights violations during Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship.[26]
Businesses
Piñera was general manager of the Banco de Talca. In 1982, a warrant was issued for his arrest on charges of violating banking law, in an event where over US$38 Million were not paid to the Central Bank of Chile, Piñera being the Banco de Talca's CEO. The money disappeared and was never paid.[27] Piñera spent 24 days in hiding while his brother, José Piñera, appealed the order, making some calls to underestimate the crime. A writ of habeas corpus, first rejected by the Appeals Court but then approved by the Supreme Court, acquitted Piñera.[28]
Piñera once owned 90% of Chilevisión (a terrestrial television channel broadcasting nationwide). He also owned 27% of LAN Airlines (LAN);[29] 13% of Colo-Colo,[30] a football (soccer) club; and other minor stock positions in companies such as Quiñenco, Enersis, and Soquimich.[31][32][33]
In July 2007, Piñera was fined approximately US$680,000 by Chile's securities regulator (SVS) for not withdrawing a purchase order after receiving privileged information (an infraction similar to insider trading) of LAN Airlines stock in mid-2006.[34] Later that month, he resigned from the boards of LAN and Quintec.[35]
To avoid a conflict of interest he sold Chilevisión for $160 million in 2010 to Time Warner.[29][36] He also sold his shares of LAN in several rounds between February and March 2010,[37] as well as his stake in Colo-Colo.
Piñera has built an estimated fortune of $US2.8 billion as of February 2018, according to Forbes magazine.[38] His wealth is greatly due to his involvement in introducing credit cards to Chile in the late 1970s and his subsequent investments, mainly in LAN Airlines stock. Piñera acquired shares of the formerly state-owned company from Scandinavian Airlines in 1994, as part of a joint venture with the Cueto family.[38][39]
Political career
In 1988 as Pinochet had lost the referendum and Chile was returning to democracy Piñera offered his support for the Christian Democrat Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle in his pre-candidacy for president.[40]
In 1998, Piñera opposed the arrest and detention of Augusto Pinochet, in London, initiated by Baltasar Garzón, arguing that it was an attack on the sovereignty and dignity of Chile.[41]
On 14 May 2005, in a surprise move Piñera announced his candidacy for the 2005 presidential election (RN was supposed to support UDI's Lavín.) He has described his political philosophy as Christian humanism.[42]
Presidential elections of 2009–2010
Piñera ran for President of Chile in the 2009–2010 election.[43] Since August 2009, he led in opinion polls, competing with left-of-center candidates Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Marco Enríquez-Ominami and Jorge Arrate. On 13 December 2009 election, Piñera placed first in the results with 44.05% of the votes, while Frei placed second with 29.6% of the votes.[44] Neither candidate received more than half of the total votes; therefore, according to the Constitution, Chileans returned to the polls for a final run-off election on Sunday, 17 January 2010.[45]
That evening, the third and final preliminary results were announced by the Undersecretary of the Interior.[46] These showing accounted for 99.77% of the total ballot boxes. Of the votes, Piñera received 51.61% and Frei received 48.39%.[47]
Piñera invested an estimated US$13.6 million in his presidential campaign, which included items such as a campaign anthem[48] and "Thank You" banners.[49] Piñera's banners and billboards have carried statements throughout the country such as "Delinquents, your party is over," and "Small businesses, Big opportunities".[50] Piñera's campaign released a national TV spot on YouTube featuring a male gay couple, something never seen before in a presidential campaign run in Chile. Amongst his promises were increasing education rates and improving international relations with the neighboring country of Perú.[51]
Piñera's victory meant a shift towards the right,[52] breaking two-decades of center-left political leadership and becoming the first elected right-wing leader in 52 years.[53]
On 28 January, Piñera suspended his membership in National Renewal, becoming unofficially an independent.[54] RN's bylaws require successful presidential candidates from the party to renounce their association to govern the country fairly, foremost with the interest of the people, not with the interest of a political party or particular political philosophy.[55]
Private to public transition
Piñera became the first billionaire to be sworn into the Chilean Presidency.[56] He offered to sell his shares in major corporations before being sworn in on 11 March 2010, to avoid conflicts of interest. Piñera has placed US$400 million in blind trusts.[57]
The Monday following Piñera's election, expectations of sale from his largest holdings created a surge in trade of Axxion and LAN shares, causing three brief suspensions (19–20, 22 January 2010) in the Santiago Stock Exchange to ease trade. Axxion shares more than tripled before falling 39% on Friday, 22 January.[58] Bachelet's Finance Minister Andrés Velasco urged Piñera to get the sale "sorted out quickly."[59] The value of Piñera's interest in Axxion was estimated at US$700 million, of his US$1.2 billion fortune at the beginning of that week.[60]
On 5 February, Piñera confirmed plans to sell his 26.3% stake in LAN airlines at an extraordinary shareholders' meeting for his main holding company, Axxion. Under the pact, Axxion shareholders have agreed to fix the price of the sale, estimated at US$1.5 billion. The Cueto family, who at that point held 25.5% of LAN through their holding company Costa Verde Aeronáutica, had the first option to purchase the stake.[61] On 18 February, Axxion posted a statement on their website confirming the sale of a 21.18% stake in LAN Airlines to the Cueto family for US$1.23 billion. Announcement regarding the sale of the remaining shares was pending until March 2010, when the whole package left Piñera's hands.[62]
Piñera sold his 9.7% stake in the upscale private hospital Clinica Las Condes at a price of 25,113 CLP per share (US$48.00) through his holding company Bancard on Tuesday, 16 February. The total sale of the 792,000 shares grossed US$37.85 million and was purchased by the brokerage firm Celfin.[63] The proceeds from the sale will go to paying off Bancard debt.[64]
Piñera announced on February he had the intention to transfer 100% of his stake in Chilevisión to a non-for-profit organization called Fundación Cultura y Sociedad (formerly Fundación Futuro), of which he is owner.[65] The foundation's board will include some of the station's current executives. Under that proposal, Piñera maintains the right to remove and replace the foundation's president at any given time.[66] Cristián Patricio Larroulet Vignau, current Minister of the Secretariat of the Presidency of Chile, stated that Piñera was honoring his promise of removing himself from private corporations, as Chilevision will become the property of a non-profit organization. MP Cristián Monckeberg (RN), stated there is no law obligating Piñera to do otherwise and thus this decision is legally legitimate.[65]. The option above finally did not take place, Piñera decided to sell the TV station, and after a failed attempt in May 2010 with the Linzor Capital investment fund,[67] the President announced it sold Chilevisión to Time Warner, in late August 2010.
Piñera said he won't sell his 12.5% stake in Blanco y Negro, a company that owns the nation's popular soccer team Colo-Colo. He has stated: "We want big things and not only achieve local victories. The idea is to return the Copa Libertadores to Chile. That is our great goal."[68] Although he will remain part owner, he will take no administrative duties or role while President.[69]
Council of Ministers
Piñera announced his "cabinet of unity" 9 February 2010 in Chile's National Historical Museum. The cabinet is made up of 16 men and 6 women. Amongst Piñera's nominees was Jaime Ravinet, the previous president's defense minister; until accepting Piñera's offer, he had been a member of the Christian Democratic Party. Another nominee was Cristián Larroulet, who was an economic planning adviser under Pinochet.[70] Piñera first met with his new ministers one day later and issued a formal memorandum calling upon all members to renounce their positions in all private companies by 28 February to avoid conflicts of interest. The memorandum also said that in regards to national heritage, secretaries of state whose affiliation with companies having direct receipt of fiscal monies must either remove themselves from those associations or honor the restrictions of their competitors.[71] Ten of his 22 ministers have involvement in companies with significant financial means.
2017 presidential elections
On 17 December 2017, Sebastián Piñera was elected president of Chile for a second term.[72] He received 36% of the votes, the highest percentages among all 8 candidates in the 2017 elections. In the second round, Piñera faced Alejandro Guillier, a television news anchor who represented Bachelet's New Majority (Nueva Mayoría) coalition. Piñera won the elections with 54% of the votes.[43]
First presidency (2010–2014)
Cabinet
The Piñera Cabinet | |||
---|---|---|---|
Office | Name | Party | Term |
President | Sebastián Piñera | Ind. | 11 March 2010–11 March 2014 |
Interior | Rodrigo Hinzpeter | RN | 11 March 2010–5 November 2012 |
Andrés Chadwick | UDI | 5 November 2012–11 March 2014 | |
Foreign Affairs | Alfredo Moreno | Ind. | 11 March 2010–11 March 2014 |
Defense | Jaime Ravinet | Ind. | 11 March 2010–13 January 2011 |
Andrés Allamand | RN | 16 January 2011–5 November 2012 | |
Rodrigo Hinzpeter | RN | 5 November 2012–11 March 2014 | |
Finance | Felipe Larraín | Ind. | 11 March 2010–11 March 2014 |
Gen. Sec. of the Presidency | Cristián Larroulet | Ind. | 11 March 2010–11 March 2014 |
Gen. Sec. of Government | Ena von Baer | UDI | 11 March 2010–18 July 2011 |
Andrés Chadwick | UDI | 18 July 2011–5 November 2012 | |
Cecilia Pérez | RN | 5 November 2012–11 March 2014 | |
Economy | Juan Andrés Fontaine | Ind. | 11 March 2010–18 July 2011 |
Pablo Longueira | UDI | 18 July 2011–30 April 2013 | |
Félix de Vicente | Ind. | 7 May 2013–11 March 2014 | |
Social Development | Felipe Kast | Ind. | 11 March 2010–18 July 2011 |
Joaquín Lavín | UDI | 18 July 2011–6 June 2013 | |
Bruno Baranda | RN | 9 June 2013–11 March 2014 | |
Education | Joaquín Lavín | UDI | 11 March 2010–18 July 2011 |
Felipe Bulnes | RN | 18 July 2011–29 December 2011 | |
Harald Beyer (impeached) | Ind. | 29 December 2011–4 April 2013 | |
Carolina Schmidt | Ind. | 22 April 2013–11 March 2014 | |
Justice | Felipe Bulnes | RN | 11 March 2010–18 July 2011 |
Teodoro Ribera | RN | 18 July 2011–17 December 2012 | |
Patricia Pérez | Ind. | 17 December 2012–11 March 2014 | |
Labor | Camila Merino | Ind. | 11 March 2010–14 January 2011 |
Evelyn Matthei | UDI | 16 January 2011–20 July 2013 | |
Juan Carlos Jobet | RN | 24 July 2013–11 March 2014 | |
Public Works | Hernán de Solminihać | Ind. | 11 March 2010–18 July 2011 |
Laurence Golborne | Ind. | 18 July 2011–5 November 2012 | |
Loreto Silva | Ind. | 5 November 2012–11 March 2014 | |
Health | Jaime Mañalich | Ind. | 11 March 2010–11 March 2014 |
Housing & Urbanism | Magdalena Matte | UDI | 11 March 2010–19 April 2011 |
Rodrigo Pérez Mackenna | Ind. | 19 April 2011–11 March 2014 | |
Agriculture | José Antonio Galilea | RN | 11 March 2010–29 December 2011 |
Luis Mayol | Ind. | 29 December 2011–11 March 2014 | |
Mining | Laurence Golborne | Ind. | 11 March 2010–18 July 2011 |
Hernán de Solminihać | Ind. | 18 July 2011–11 March 2014 | |
Transport & Telecom | Felipe Morandé | Ind. | 11 March 2010–14 January 2011 |
Pedro Pablo Errázuriz | UDI | 16 January 2011–11 March 2014 | |
National Assets | Catalina Parot | RN | 11 March 2010–5 November 2012 |
Rodrigo Pérez Mackenna | Ind. | 5 November 2012–11 March 2014 | |
Energy | Ricardo Raineri | Ind. | 11 March 2010–14 January 2011 |
Laurence Golborne | Ind. | 16 January 2011–18 July 2011 | |
Fernando Echeverría | RN | 18 July 2011–21 July 2011 | |
Rodrigo Álvarez Zenteno | UDI | 22 July 2011–27 March 2012 | |
Jorge Bunster | Ind. | 3 April 2012–11 March 2014 | |
Environment | María Ignacia Benítez | UDI | 11 March 2010–11 March 2014 |
Women | Carolina Schmidt | Ind. | 11 March 2010–22 April 2013 |
Loreto Seguel | Ind. | 22 April 2013–11 March 2014 | |
Culture & the Arts | Luciano Cruz-Coke | Ind. | 11 March 2010–6 June 2013 |
Roberto Ampuero | Ind. | 9 June 2013–11 March 2014 | |
Sports | Gabriel Ruiz-Tagle | UDI | 14 November 2013–11 March 2014 |
Piñera was sworn in as the 34th President of the Republic of Chile on 11 March 2010, in a ceremony held in a plenary session of the National Congress in Valparaíso. In the same ceremony, Piñera's Cabinet ministers were sworn in. The ceremony was also marked by a 6.9 Mw earthquake and subsequent aftershocks that upset the invitees.[73] Shortly after, the National Congress building was evacuated due to a tsunami alert that proved to be false a couple of hours later.
The composition of his government was marked by the presence of former officials of the Pinochet dictatorship. For example, the head of the cabinet of the Undersecretary of Defence, Major Mario Larenas Gutiérrez, was accused by the communist deputy Hugo Gutiérrez of having participated in the Caravan of Death following the 1973 coup.[74] The same deputy recalled the past of the general appointed by Piñera as director of the Gendarmerie, Iván Andrusco, who had worked at DICOMCAR, a repressive body dissolved following the Caso Degollados (1985), and who had been forced to resign.[75][76] While Michelle Bachelet's government had parity, Sebastián Piñera's government has only 18% women.
On 12 October 2010, Piñera rallied his countrymen in the rescue of 33 trapped miners, all of whom were rescued after 70 days following a mining accident. "Chile will never be the same", he said to the miners' foreman, Luis Urzúa, as he (the last of the miners to emerge from the cavern) greeted Piñera, in a broadcast carried live across the globe. Despite much goodwill in Chile following this incident, he faced continuing opposition from Chileans calling for amendments to anti-terrorism laws on the grounds that Mapuche Indians could be treated as terrorists. This matter has led to hunger strikes which started before the mining disaster, and are set to continue afterward.[77]
In January 2011 he faced the protest in Magallanes Region in response to a proposed increase in the price of natural gas there by 16.8%. The protests left more than two thousand cars isolated while trying to cross from the Argentine province of Tierra del Fuego to the province of Santa Cruz through Chilean territory. Another 1,500 tourists were left without movement in Torres del Paine National Park after routes to Puerto Natales and El Calafate were cut.[78] In consequence, on 14 January, Minister Secretary General of Government Ena von Baer announced changes in Sebastián Piñera's government cabinet, including the resignation of Ricardo Raineri as Energy Minister. Laurence Golborne became Mining and Energy Minister, on 16 January.[79]
In March 2011, President Piñera led a state visit to Spain to boost relations between the two countries. While in Spain, President and Mrs Piñera, with Prince Felipe and Princess Letizia, opened the exhibition "Don Qui. El Quijote de Matta", at the Cervantes Institute of Madrid.[80]
Amidst the severe 2011 Chilean student protests Piñera shuffled his cabinet and removed Joaquín Lavín from the post of minister of education. With respect to the protest, Piñera has defended for-profit activity in education and proposed to legalize it, rejecting the students' demands for the public ownership of educational establishments.[81] During August 2011, Piñera's public approval declined precipitously amidst continuous protests, to the extent that some polls indicated that he was the least popular Chilean leader since Augusto Pinochet. His approval ratings dropped to as low as 22% according to a CERC survey.[82] As such, Piñera's chances of passing sought reforms were seen as remote.[83]
As president, Piñera expressed support for the Argentine claim on the Falkland Islands, referring to "the unrenounceable rights of Argentina on the islands".[84]
In March 2012, Piñera visited Vietnam with the intention of increasing cooperation between the two countries in general and with Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam's most populous and largest economic hub, in particular. HCM City also called for a Chilean sister city while receiving Piñera on 23 March. The visit included the signing of a bilateral trade agreement and several cooperation pacts in education, tourism, culture, and finance.[85]
Criticism
Early in 2012, physicist Frank Duarte sharply criticized Piñera's performance in the handling of the Chilean–Peruvian maritime dispute at The Hague, deemed as favoring commercial interests over the interest of the Chilean people, and called for Chile's withdrawal from The Hague.[86] Following the adverse ruling against Chile in 2014, several political figures in Chile, from a variety of political parties, also called for Chile's withdrawal from The Hague that would, in addition, imply a withdrawal from the Pact of Bogota.[87][88]
According to Hermógenes Pérez de Arce Ibieta, President Piñera had pushed for Harold Mayne-Nicholls to be replaced as President of the Chilean Football Board in 2010.[89] Pérez de Arce hold Piñera, owner of football club Colo-Colo, had a long-term interest in removing Mayne-Nicholls from the Presidency of the Chilean Football Board.[89] Marcelo Bielsa, the manager of the Chile national football team, subsequently made headlines for his brief and cold greeting to Piñera in the farewell before the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[90][91] Both Bielsa and Mayne-Nicholls had good relations with former president Michelle Bachelet, Piñera's political rival.[92]
Second presidency (2018–2022)
On 17 December, Piñera won the second round of the 2017 Chilean general election, defeating the left-wing candidate Alejandro Guillier to become President-Elect. Piñera took office for a second time on 11 March 2018, succeeding the outgoing Michelle Bachelet. Environmental NGOs accuse the government of yielding to pressure from the mining lobby to thwart any draft legislation. In 2018, Piñera buried an initiative to ban industrial activities near glaciers. In 2019, a draft law from the ranks of the opposition caused tensions. It is supposed to convert glaciers and their surrounding environment "into protected areas, prohibiting any intervention except scientific and that can benefit sustainable tourism". At least 44 mining projects will likely be completed between 2019 and 2028.[93]
In May 2018, his government adopted "The Women's Agenda" in response to massive feminist demonstrations, which combined a conservative social vision and economic liberalism.[94] In June 2021, Piñera said that he would push for the adoption of a same-sex marriage bill, drawing criticism from his conservative allies.[95]
Cabinet
The Piñera Cabinet | |||
---|---|---|---|
Office | Name | Party | Term |
President | Sebastián Piñera | Ind. | 11 March 2018–11 March 2022 |
Interior | Andrés Chadwick | UDI | 11 March 2018–28 October 2019 |
Gonzalo Blumel | EVOP | 28 October 2019–28 July 2020 | |
Víctor Pérez | UDI | 28 July 2020–3 November 2020 | |
Rodrigo Delgado | UDI | 4 November 2020–11 March 2022 | |
Foreign Affairs | Roberto Ampuero | EVOP | 11 March 2018–13 June 2019 |
Teodoro Ribera | RN | 13 June 2019–28 July 2020 | |
Andrés Allamand | RN | 28 July 2020–6 February 2022 | |
Carolina Valdivia | Ind. | 6 February 2022–11 March 2022 | |
Defense | Alberto Espina | RN | 11 March 2018–28 July 2020 |
Mario Desbordes | RN | 28 July 2020–18 December 2020 | |
Baldo Prokurica | RN | 18 December 2020–11 March 2022 | |
Finance | Felipe Larraín | Ind. | 11 March 2018–28 October 2019 |
Ignacio Briones | EVOP | 28 October 2019–26 January 2021 | |
Rodrigo Cerda | Ind. | 26 January 2021–11 March 2022 | |
Gen. Sec. of the Presidency | Gonzalo Blumel | EVOP | 11 March 2018–28 October 2019 |
Felipe Ward | UDI | 28 October 2019–4 June 2020 | |
Claudio Alvarado | UDI | 4 June 2020–28 July 2020 | |
Cristián Monckeberg | RN | 28 July 2020–6 January 2021 | |
Juan José Ossa | RN | 6 January 2021–11 March 2022 | |
Gen. Sec. of Government | Cecilia Pérez | RN | 11 March 2018–28 October 2019 |
Karla Rubilar | Ind. | 28 October 2019–28 July 2020 | |
Jaime Bellolio | UDI | 28 July 2020–11 March 2022 | |
Economy | José Ramón Valente | Ind. | 11 March 2018–13 June 2019 |
Juan Andrés Fontaine | Ind. | 13 June 2019–28 October 2019 | |
Lucas Palacios | UDI | 28 October 2019–11 March 2022 | |
Social Development | Alfredo Moreno Charme | Ind. | 11 March 2018–13 June 2019 |
Sebastián Sichel | Ind. | 13 June 2019–4 June 2020 | |
Cristián Monckeberg | RN | 4 June 2020–20 July 2020 | |
Karla Rubilar | RN | 28 July 2020–11 March 2022 | |
Education | Gerardo Varela | Ind. | 11 March 2018–9 August 2018 |
Marcela Cubillos | UDI | 19 August 2018–28 February 2020 | |
Raúl Figueroa | Ind. | 28 February 2020–11 March 2022 | |
Justice | Hernán Larraín | UDI | 11 March 2018–11 March 2022 |
Labor | Nicolás Monckeberg | RN | 11 March 2018–28 October 2019 |
María José Zaldívar | Ind. | 28 October 2019–7 April 2021 | |
Patricio Melero | UDI | 7 April 2021–11 March 2022 | |
Public Works | Juan Andrés Fontaine | Ind. | 11 March 2018–13 June 2019 |
Alfredo Moreno Charme | Ind. | 13 June 2019–11 March 2022 | |
Health | Emilio Santelices | Ind. | 11 March 2018–13 June 2019 |
Jaime Mañalich | Ind. | 13 June 2019–13 June 2020 | |
Enrique Paris | Ind. | 13 June 2020–11 March 2022 | |
Housing & Urbanism | Cristián Monckeberg | RN | 11 March 2018–4 June 2020 |
Felipe Ward | UDI | 4 June 2020–11 March 2022 | |
Agriculture | Antonio Walker | Ind. | 11 March 2018–28 October 2019 |
María Emilia Undurraga | EVOP | 6 January 2021–11 March 2022 | |
Mining | Baldo Prokurica | RN | 11 March 2018–18 December 2020 |
Juan Carlos Jobet | Ind. | 18 December 2020–11 March 2022 | |
Transport & Telecom | Gloria Hutt | EVOP | 11 March 2018–11 March 2022 |
National Assets | Felipe Ward | UDI | 11 March 2018–28 October 2019 |
Julio Isamit | UDI | 28 October 2019–11 March 2022 | |
Energy | Susana Jiménez Schuster | Ind. | 11 March 2018–13 June 2019 |
Juan Carlos Jobet | Ind. | 13 June 2019–11 March 2022 | |
Environment | Marcela Cubillos | UDI | 11 March 2018–9 August 2018 |
Carolina Schmidt | Ind. | 9 August 2018–22 November 2021 | |
Javier Naranjo Solano | Ind. | 23 November 2021–11 March 2022 | |
Women | Isabel Plá | UDI | 11 March 2018–13 March 2020 |
Carolina Cuevas Merino | RN | 13 March 2020–6 May 2020 | |
Macarena Santelices | UDI | 6 May 2020–9 June 2020 | |
Mónica Zalaquett | UDI | 9 June 2020–11 March 2022 | |
Culture & the Arts | Alejandra Pérez Lecaros | Ind. | 11 March 2018–9 August 2018 |
Mauricio Rojas | Ind. | 9 August 2018–13 August 2018 | |
Consuelo Valdés | Ind. | 13 August 2018–11 March 2022 | |
Sports | Pauline Kantor | EVOP | 11 March 2018–28 October 2019 |
Cecilia Pérez | RN | 28 October 2019–11 March 2022 |
In January 2018, Piñera unveiled his cabinet to harsh criticism: his interior minister, Andrés Chadwick, was a vocal supporter of Pinochet dictatorship, which had previously appointed him president of the Catholic University Students Federation.[96] In 2012 Chadwick expressed "deep repentance" for this support after discovering "over the years" serious human rights violations committed by the dictatorship, while defending the regime on other grounds.[97]
Chadwick and justice minister Hernán Larraín were also "supporters and defenders of the secretive German enclave Colonia Dignidad, which was established by the fugitive Nazi officer and paedophile Paul Schäfer in the early 60s".[96] Colonia Dignidad was used by Pinochet security officials to torture and murder opponents of the regime.[96][98]
Other appointees with ties to Pinochet include mining minister Baldo Prokurica, a governor in the Pinochet government.
Response to 2019–2020 Chilean protests
Following widespread protests that broke out across Chile in October 2019, due to a poor economy, Piñera declared a state of emergency on 18 October, authorizing the deployment of the Chilean Army across the main regions to enforce order and prevent the destruction of public property, and invoked before the courts the Ley de Seguridad del Estado ("State Security Law") against dozens of detainees.[99] As a result, Piñera was criticized for his actions, resulting in an approval rate of 9% by 24 October, according to a poll by Active Research,[100] although it increased to 13% by 1 June 2020,[101] against 73% disapproval. This consistently low level of support has been attributed to losing support from officials due to failure to restore order and enforce the rule of law.[102] On 12 December 2019 the National Congress rejected an opposition-led motion to impeach him. The impeachment resolution accused him of failing to protect human rights in relation to the protests.[103]
In response to the unrest, Piñera removed Chadwick as Interior and Public Security Minister on 28 October 2019 assigning instead Gonzalo Blumel. On 11 December Chadwick was impeached for his role in the protests, including the many eye injuries attained by protesters.[104][105] Chadwick was banned from holding public office for five years.[105]
Response to COVID-19 Pandemic
As of 19 April 2021, Chile has recorded 1,131,340 cases of COVID-19 and 25,277 deaths from COVID-19, placing the country in the 50th and 31st places by total cases per million and total deaths per million respectively.[106] In response, Piñera has banned events with more than 500 people[107] and issued lock-down orders in certain areas of the country, most notably the Santiago Metropolitan Region.[108] Despite heavy criticism amidst the still ongoing political crisis,[109] Chile managed to achieve one of the fastest vaccination rates worldwide.[110]
Conflict with the Mapuche people
He is facing conflict in the Araucania region, where the Mapuche people are demanding the return of their ancestral lands, which they consider to have been taken over by large companies. Militants have been carrying out attacks and arson attacks on large logging operations, leading the Chilean government to declare a state of emergency in mid-October and to militarise the region. Several civilians are killed as a result of law enforcement actions.[111]
Pandora Papers
In the Pandora Papers leak of 3 October 2021, Piñera was named in the revealed documents.[112] According to Spanish newspaper El País, Chilean media organizations CIPER and LaBot allegedly documented that Piñera was involved in "particularly controversial activity".[112] According to reports, Piñera took money from a prominent mining executive in exchange for government support for Minera Dominga – a controversial mining investment project located in an environmentally sensitive area. The mining executive in question is Piñera's childhood friend Carlos Alberto Délano of Andes Iron.[112][113]
In December 2010, when Piñera had been in the presidential residence, La Moneda Palace, for just nine months, the presidential family sold the business to Délano with a deed signed in Chile for $14 million and another in the Virgin Islands for $138 million. The amount was to be paid in three installments, with a caveat: the last payment was conditional on there not being environmental protection imposed on the mining operations area, as environmental groups were demanding. The decision on the viability of Minera Dominga was left in the hands of the Piñera government, which failed to promote environmental protection, so the third installment was finally paid.
According to Infobae, Piñera's family and other investors allegedly made a 1,000% profit over an eighteen month period on the project that required approval from Piñera's government.[114]
In response, Piñera's business manager said that Piñera had not been in control of his own companies for about twelve years and that he was not aware of the sale of Minera Dominga to his friend Carlos Alberto Délano.[112]
Impeachment
As a consequence of the leaked information by the Pandora Papers; a formal impeachment was launched against him. On 9 November 2021, the lower chamber passed the impeachment and it now moved to the Senate, where two-thirds of the votes are needed to remove Piñera from power.[115][116] On 16 November 2021, Chile's Senate voted against removing President Sebastian Pinera from office, ending an impeachment process.[117]
Public image
Since the return to democracy in 1990 Piñera has been the president with the lowest approval rating in polls.[118] According to diplomat and political scientist Carlos Huneeus, Piñera has shown himself well-prepared in his public appearances with a good command of relevant facts, yet he fails to show empathy.[119] In an interview with Cristián Warnken, Piñera has acknowledged he has difficulties in expressing his feelings.[120] In April 2012, The Economist described Piñera as being considered an "inept politician" by both the opposition and supporters.[121] The Chilean government responded by stating that The Economist's comment was disrespectful.[122]
Jokes and informal style
Many of Piñera's jokes would, according to diplomat and political scientist Oscar Godoy, be attempts to gain sympathy.[123]
In December 2011, during a state visit to Mexico, a joke made by Piñera where he compared women with politicians caused uproar in Chile, sparking criticism from his own minister Carolina Schmidt who said of the joke that it was "[hurtful] to many women".[124] In the joke, Piñera said that "when a lady says "no" it means maybe, when she says maybe it means yes and when she says yes she is not a lady."[125] The Chilean Network Against Domestic and Sexual Violence called the joke "misogynistic" and "a shame for the whole country".[125] Previously on a state visit to Peru in 2011, Piñera received criticism for his informal style after he revealed to Peruvian president-elect Ollanta Humala that he was a descendant of the Inca Huayna Capac.[126] Senator Jorge Pizarro criticized Piñera's comment to Ollanta Humala, calling for more careful and respectful attitudes.[127]
In June 2013, after visiting President Obama in the White House,[128] he said, "I'm going to sit at the President of the United States' desk," breaking the White House's political protocols. Alfredo Moreno Charme, Minister of Foreign Affairs, said "How many other presidents have done the same?" and Obama responded, "This is the only one," causing laughter between those there. Piñera then justified his abrupt actions by stating his daughter was born in the United States.[129]
Bad luck and ridicule
Piñera has often publicly been associated with bad luck.[130] The BBC has listed a series of situations of "bad luck" concerning Piñera's presidency: the 2010 Maule earthquake followed by another quake during Piñera's inauguration ceremony, the mining accident of 2010, the 2010 Santiago prison fire, the 2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption and the 2012 wildfires.[130] His lapses, errors and inconveniences have been labelled "piñericosas" in Chile.[131] Carlos Peña has been deeply critical of Piñera's failed public appearances, calling his improvised visit to Plaza Baquedano, the epicenter of the 2019–2020 protests, in April 2020 an act of "provocation and contempt" and "narcissism bordering on evil" (Spanish: narcicismo cercano a lo maligno).[119]
Chilean impressionist Stefan Kramer has recurrently personified Piñera since at least 2010. This initially caused some displeasure in the Government, which filed a complaint in 2010 to the National Television Council regarding what they saw as a disrespectful portrayal.[132][133] In 2011, Kramer again personified Piñera, alongside his brother Miguel, in the Teletón charity event while Piñera was present in the public.[132][134][135] Judging the situation, journalist Fernando Paulsen said Piñera acted correctly by letting the imitiation pass, while claiming anything else would have been seen as an abuse of authority.[135] Afterwards, organizers were concerned that they put the president in an uncomfortable position, and Kramer chose to not personify Piñera for the 2012 Teletón.[134] However, earlier in 2012, Piñera had been ridiculed again by Kramer in the blockbuster film Stefan versus Kramer.[132] In the movie, Piñera is portrayed as a Machiavellian politician, and is mocked among other things for his real-life impasse with the highly popular football coach Marcelo Bielsa.[132] Some pundits argued, however, that the portrayal may not be merely negative but could have the effect of humanizing him before the public.[136]
José Mujica, president of Uruguay, stated Piñera's low approval ratings might be caused by a lack of "glamour".[137]
Use of bellicose rhetoric
During the 2019–20 Chilean protests Piñera made himself known for the use of a bellicose language.[138] When Piñera addressed the nation on the evening of 20 October during the height of the unrest he remarked that the country was "at war with a powerful and relentless enemy" and announced that the state of emergency would be extended across much of the country.[139] Some opposition politicians described his rhetoric as "irresponsible", while a Latin America editor for BBC News Online expressed concern about the impact his words would have on the protesters and on the chances for meaningful dialogue.[140] Hours shortly after the President's speech, chief of national defense Javier Iturriaga del Campo appeared to contradict this declaration, asserting that he was "content" and "not at war with anyone".[141]
However, the use of bellicose rhetoric can be traced back to at least 2018 when Piñera began his second government.[138] He has referred to a variety of subjects like drug trafficking, terrorism, and organized crime as "powerful and relentless enemies".[138] Besides this Piñera has made frequent use of words like "battle", "conquest", "defeat" and "combat" in his verbal communication.[138] The use of such language is not unique to Piñera but has also been heard from European right-wing populists and George W. Bush.[138] According to economist Carlos Tromben who studied the political discourse of Piñera, the aim of this rhetoric is to rally the nation behind what is perceived as a common interest, but the success of this has been variable.[138] Tromben also views the bellicose rhetoric as a defensive communicational strategy aimed to gain time for a "counterattack".[138]
Personal life
Piñera married Cecilia Morel in 1973. They were neighbors in the Avenida Américo Vespucio, Santiago. They have four children, born in 1975, 1978, 1982, and 1984. All of them have university degrees.[142]
Piñera is also a member of Washington D.C.-based think tank, the Inter-American Dialogue.[143] He supported President Javier Milei's victory in the 2023 Argentine general election.[144]
Styles, honours and arms
Presidential styles of Sebastián Piñera Echenique | |
---|---|
Reference style | His Excellency |
Spoken style | Your Excellency |
Alternative style | Mr. President |
National honours
- Grand-Master (2010-2014 and 2018–2022) and Collar of the Order of Merit
- Grand-Master (2010-2014 and 2018–2022) and Collar of the Order of Bernardo O'Higgins
Foreign honours
- Norway: Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Olav (27 March 2019)[145]
- Peru: Grand Cross with Diamonds of the Order of the Sun (25 November 2010)[146]
- Spain: Collar of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (4 March 2011)[147]
Arms
In popular culture
Actor Bob Gunton portrays Piñera in the 2015 film The 33, directed by Patricia Riggen.
Notes
- ↑ Membership suspended while President.
- ↑ Other observers claim instead the Piñera administration had become increasingly presidential as result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile.[10]
References
- ↑ Piñera Echenique, Miguel Juan Sebastián (19 December 1949). "Certificado de Nacimiento" (PDF). Registro Civil de Chile. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ↑ BuscaBiografias.com. "Miguel Juan Sebastián Piñera Echenique". Archived from the original on 15 February 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
- ↑ "Sebastian Piñera". Forbes. Archived from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
- ↑ Araneda, Juan-Carlos (6 March 2018). "Ranking de multimillonarios Forbes: ¿Quiénes son los 11 chilenos que figuran en la lista 2018?" (in Spanish). El Mercurio. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
- ↑ Covarrubias, Bárbara (1 January 2010). "Piñera firma acta que lo proclama como Presidente de la República". El Mercurio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
- ↑ Araneda, Juan-Carlos (4 July 2002). "Hitos de la vida pública de Pinochet". El Mercurio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
- ↑ "Presidente de la Sofofa cree que existe un "parlamentarismo de facto" que está "causando estragos"". El Mostrador (in Spanish). 17 November 2020. Archived from the original on 18 November 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
- ↑ "Presidente del Senado: "Si Piñera quiere seguir debe aceptar un parlamentarismo de facto"". Canal 13. 14 March 2020. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
- ↑ "Will Chile's Pension Withdrawals Cause Long-Term Pain?". The Dialogue. 17 December 2020. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- 1 2 Court, Josefina; Correa, José Tomás (24 June 2020). "Chile's Political and Institutional Response to COVID-19". The Regulatory Review. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ↑ Retamal Favereau, Julio; Celis Atria, Carlos; y Muñoz Correa, Juan Guillermo – "Familias Fundadoras de Chile, 1540–1600", Editorial Universitaria, Santiago, 1992. pg. 789
- ↑ Delgado, Felipe (21 June 2020). "Bernardino Piñera murió por neumonía por Covid-19, según certificado de defunción". BioBioChile (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 23 June 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ↑ "Monseñor Bernardino Piñera y la relación con su sobrino Presidente". periodicoencuentro.cl. Archived from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
- ↑ (in Spanish) Universia Sebastián Piñera Perfil Archived 7 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Caminos cruzados", El Mercurio (in Spanish), archived from the original on 8 December 2015, retrieved 18 January 2010.
- ↑ Kotlikoff, Laurence J. & Piñera, Sebastián (1977), "The Old South's Stake in the Inter-Regional Movement of Slaves, 1850–1860", Journal of Economic History, 37 (2): 434–450, doi:10.1017/s002205070009700x, JSTOR 2118765, S2CID 153416059
- ↑ Sandoval, Roberto Castillo (30 July 2009), "La tesis doctoral de Sebastián Piñera", Noticias secretas (in Spanish), archived from the original on 8 July 2011, retrieved 20 December 2009
- ↑ "Sebastián Piñera Echeñique — Senador", Reseñas parlamentarias — Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile (in Spanish), 2020, archived from the original on 26 July 2007, retrieved 21 December 2009
- ↑ (in Spanish) Fundacion Mujer Emprende Quienes Somos Archived 15 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine
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- ↑ (in Spanish) Fundanción Futuro Quienes Somos Archived 6 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ (in Spanish) Terra Semana clave para fundación a la que Piñera traspasará propiedad de Chilevisión Archived 14 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ (in Spanish) Piñera2010 Conoce las propuestas medioambientales del Grupo Tantauco Archived 7 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Mystical islanders divided over Chile's giant bridge project". Reuters. 1 March 2018. Archived from the original on 20 April 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020 – via www.reuters.com.
- ↑ Mostrador, El (9 June 2017). "Familias que viven en Tantauco presionan a Piñera para que entregue hectáreas antes de las primarias". El Mostrador. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ↑ (in Spanish) Piñera2010 Grupo Tantauco: Derechos Humanos Archived 16 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Infogate". Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
- ↑ "lnd.cl". Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- 1 2 "Chilean president to sell holding in television network: 160 million USD". MercoPress. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ↑ "Piñera aumenta participación en Colo Colo", La Nación (in Spanish), 21 August 2007, archived from the original on 4 June 2011
- ↑ Durante, Nicolás (19 May 2017). "Quiñenco, AntarChile y Andina: las principales acciones de Piñera". La Tercera (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile. Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
- ↑ Skoknic, Francisca (15 May 2017). "Las sociedades en que se funde la fortuna de la familia Piñera Morel". Ciper Chile (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile. Archived from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
- ↑ "Piñera vende US$70 millones en acciones de sociedades controladoras de SQM". La Tercera (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile. 22 May 2008. Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
- ↑ Ethisphere Magazine: Insider Trading Archived 10 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Piñera deja el directorio de Lan y su socio Cueto inicia apelación por multa de SVS", La Nación (in Spanish), 1 August 2007, archived from the original on 4 June 2011
- ↑ "Time Warner buys Chile TV network". Financial Times. 25 August 2010. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ↑ "UPDATE 4-Chile's Pinera to sell remaining LAN stake". Reuters. 24 March 2010. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
- 1 2 "Sebastian Pinera — Forbes", Forbes: The World's Billionaires, 27 February 2018, archived from the original on 29 September 2017, retrieved 11 September 2017
- ↑ "LAN Airlines 2007 annual report, p. 29 Archived 13 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine" .
- ↑ COPESA, Consorcio Periodistico de Chile S.A. "La Tercera". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ↑ Piñera y su acalorado apoyo a Pinochet en 1998 Archived 22 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. La Nación, 10 de diciembre de 2009 (part of the speech can be seen at Video on YouTube).
- ↑ "Sebastián Piñera: la nueva derecha que se desprende de la dictadura" [Sebastián Piñera: the new right that sets apart from the dictatorship] (in Spanish). El Mundo. 16 January 2006. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Sebastian Pinera | Biography, Facts, & Presidency". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ↑ "Election Resources on the Internet: Presidential and Legislative Elections in Chile – Results Lookup". electionresources.org. Archived from the original on 15 October 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ↑ Moffett, Matt (14 December 2009), "Billionaire Leads Chile Election", Wall Street Journal, archived from the original on 21 December 2017, retrieved 8 August 2017
- ↑ "Tercer cómputo oficial: Sebastián Piñera 51,60%; Eduardo Frei 48,39%". ADN Radio Chile (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile. 18 January 2010. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ↑ (in Spanish) Republica de Chile Votación Candidatos por País Archived 23 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Piñera's Campaign Anthem". Archived from the original on 17 December 2009.
- ↑ "Piñera's Thank you Banners". Archived from the original on 18 December 2009.
- ↑ "Piñera Campaign Billboard". Archived from the original on 4 February 2012.
- ↑ "Peru this Week". Archived from the original on 28 January 2010. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ↑ Gardner, Simon (9 December 2009), "Chile right seen ousting left in first since Pinochet", Reuters, archived from the original on 8 March 2021, retrieved 1 July 2017
- ↑ PBS Newshour Chile Elects First Right-Wing President in 52 Years Archived 18 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Covarrubias, Bárbara (28 January 2010). "Tras 20 años de militancia, Sebastián Piñera concreta renuncia a RN". El Mercurio (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
- ↑ (in Spanish) El Economista http://eleconomista.com.mx/internacional/2010/01/28/pinera-renuncia-su-militancia-gobernar Piñera renuncia a su militancia para gobernar Archived 22 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Rohter, Larry (15 January 2006), "Chile Is Ready to Elect a President Unlike Any Other", New York Times, archived from the original on 22 May 2013, retrieved 23 February 2017
- ↑ Reuters UPDATE 1-Chile's Piñera begins LAN stake sale process Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ The Wall Street Journal Chile Piñera's Axxion Falls 39% After Trading Resumes
- ↑ Bloomberg Business Week Axxion Falls After Post-Election Surge as Halt Lifted (Update2) Archived 4 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Canada.com Chile's billionaire new president profits from share surge Archived 22 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Reuters Piñera's Axxion approves LAN stake sale Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Reuters UPDATE 2-Chile's Pinera offers Cuetos $1.23 bln LAN stake Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ (in Spanish) La Universal Piñera vende acciones de clínica en Chile Archived 26 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Bloomberg Pinera to Auction 36 million USD Las Condes Stake (Update1)
- 1 2 (in Spanish) La Nacion Cuestionan fórmula de fundación para Chilevisión Archived 22 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ (in Spanish) Radio Bio Bio Ex "Fundación Futuro" cambia de función y queda como dueña de las acciones de Chilevisión Archived 10 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Chilean President Pinera sells TV station". Reuters. 15 May 2010. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
- ↑ El Economista Colo-Colo, la pasión de Piñera Archived 23 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ (in Spanish) El Diario Exterior El presidente empresario Archived 18 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Financial Times Chile’s Piñera unveils ‘cabinet of unity’ Archived 3 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ (in Spanish) Europa Press Piñera pide a sus futuros ministros renunciar a sus cargos en empresas antes del 28 de febrero Archived 13 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Conservative is Chilean president again". BBC News. 18 December 2017. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
- ↑ "Not the only one: Ex-Chilean leader among other billionaires who turned to politics". Fox News. 6 November 2016. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ↑ Cooperativa.cl. "Diputado denunció que alto funcionario de Defensa fue fusilero de la Caravana de la Muerte". Cooperativa.cl (in Spanish).
- ↑ Cooperativa.cl. "Diputado Hugo Gutiérrez solicitó la salida del nuevo director de Gendarmería". Cooperativa.cl (in Spanish).
- ↑ Cooperativa.cl. "Renunció director de Gendarmería, Iván Andrusco". Cooperativa.cl (in Spanish).
- ↑ "Mapuche hunger strike in Chile highlights the real problem facing President Sebastián Piñera". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ↑ "Minuto a minuto: Masivo acto en apoyo a Magallanes frente a La Moneda" (in Spanish). The Clinic. 11 January 2011. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
- ↑ "Piñera concreta su primer cambio de gabinete al aceptar la renuncia a otros tres ministros". El Mercurio Online. 14 January 2011. Archived from the original on 1 October 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
- ↑ Cervantes, Instituto. "Los Príncipes y el presidente de Chile inauguran en el Instituto Cervantes "Don Qui. El Quijote de Matta". Notas de prensa 2011. Sala de prensa. Instituto Cervantes". www.Cervantes.es (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ↑ "Cadena Nacional de Radio y Televisión: Presidente Piñera anunció Gran Acuerdo Nacional por la Educación". www.Gob.cl (in Spanish). 5 July 2011. Archived from the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ↑ http://www.cerc.cl Archived 21 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Teen shot in Chile anti-Piñera protest dies Archived 3 December 2021 at the Wayback Machine Financial Times. 26 August 2011. 26 August 2011
- ↑ Chile y las Malvinas Archived 9 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Juan Gabriel Valdés. Blogs El Mercurio. 6 January 2012.
- ↑ "Vietnam, Chile seek stronger ties". Baomoi.com. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013.
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- ↑ S.A.P., El Mercurio (27 January 2014). "Fuertes críticas de parlamentarios: "Aquí Chile no ha ganado nada... hemos perdido"". LaSegunda.com. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ↑ "Página 4 – La Estrella de Arica – 27.01.2014". EstrellaArica.cl. 27 January 2014. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Hermógenes Pérez de Arce: Piñera interfirió en levantar oposición a Mayne-Nicholls". Emol. 5 November 2010. Archived from the original on 5 June 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Viñas, Silvia (2 July 2010). "Chile: Bielsa and Piñera, When Football Meets Politics". Global Voices. Archived from the original on 5 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
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En una breve carta dirigida la país, el Director Técnico de la Selección chilena, Marcelo Bielsa, buscó terminar con la polémica suscita por su frío saludo al Presidente Sebastián Piñera, durante la visita oficial del plantel a La Moneda.
- ↑ "Chileans Worry for Future After Marcelo Bielsa Exit". Inside Futbol. 10 November 2010. Archived from the original on 5 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
- ↑ "L'industrie minière ou les glaciers, le Chili va devoir choisir". Reporterre, le quotidien de l'écologie. Archived from the original on 9 December 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
- ↑ Gaudichaud, Franck (1 May 2019). "Chile's day of women". Le Monde diplomatique. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
- ↑ "Chilean President to Push Same-Sex Marriage Bill Stalled in Congress | 3 June 2021". The Daily NewsBrief. 3 June 2021. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- 1 2 3 Kozak, Piotr (23 January 2018). "Chile president-elect reveals hardline cabinet with ties to Pinochet". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2018 – via www.theguardian.com.
- ↑ "Chadwick por su rol en dictadura: Me arrepiento de no haber hecho algo más". Cooperativa.cl. Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ↑ "Tales of torture". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ↑ "Chile vivió segundo día en toque de queda tras nueva jornada de protestas". France 24. 20 October 2019. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ↑ "Por los suelos: Encuesta Activa Research revela demoledora evaluación del gabinete de Piñera en el manejo de la crisis". El Mostrador (in Spanish). 24 October 2019. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ↑ "Investigación de mercado y Opinión Pública". CNN (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ↑ "José Antonio Kast: No hay, no existe una relación con el Presidente Piñera". pauta (in Spanish). 4 March 2020. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ↑ "Chile's Congress rejects move to impeach President Pinera over rights abuses". reuters.com. 12 December 2019. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ↑ "Ministros de Salud y Defensa exponen en comisión sobre acusación constitucional contra Chadwick". Cámara de Diputadas y Diputados. 20 November 2019. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
- 1 2 "Senado aprueba acusación constitucional en contra de Andrés Chadwick: exministro no podrá ejercer cargos públicos por cinco años". La Tercera (in Spanish). 11 December 2019. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- ↑ "Chile Coronavirus: 532,604 Cases and 14,863 Deaths - Worldometer". www.worldometers.info. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ↑ "Chile bans large public events over coronavirus fears, ahead of planned protests". Reuters. 14 March 2020. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2020 – via www.reuters.com.
- ↑ Chile, C. N. N. "Anuncian cuarentena total para 38 comunas de la Región Metropolitana e Iquique y Alto Hospicio". CNN Chile. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ↑ "Chile: pandemic highlights health crisis as lockdown halts inequality protests". the Guardian. 5 May 2020. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
- ↑ "Chile emerges as global leader in Covid inoculations with 'pragmatic strategy'". the Guardian. 28 February 2021. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
- ↑ Elections in Chile: Fabiola Campillai, a candidate fighting for social reforms, RFI, 20 November 2021
- 1 2 3 4 5 Lafuente, Javier; Martínez Ahrens, Jan (3 October 2021). "Pandora Papers in Latin America: Three active heads of state and 11 former presidents operated in tax havens". El País. Archived from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
- ↑ "Pandora Papers: Delano and Piñera families sealed the Minera Dominga deal at the British Virgin Islands". CIPER (in European Spanish). 4 October 2021. Archived from the original on 4 October 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
- ↑ "Familias Piñera y Délano sellaron millonaria compraventa de Minera Dominga en Islas Vírgenes Británicas". Infobae (in European Spanish). 3 October 2021. Archived from the original on 4 October 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
- ↑ Montes, Rocío (9 November 2021). "La Cámara de Diputados de Chile aprueba celebrar un juicio político para destituir al presidente Piñera" [The Chilean Chamber of Deputies approves holding a political trial to remove President Piñera]. El País (in Spanish). Santiago de Chile. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ↑ Ramos Miranda, Natalia A. (9 November 2021). "Chile impeachment vote heads to Senate after lower-house approval". Thomson Reuters. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ↑ Miranda, Natalia A. Ramos; Cambero, Fabian (16 November 2021). "Chile's Pinera safe after Senate votes down impeachment bid | Reuters". Reuters. Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ↑ Guerrero Jiménez, Bernardo; Pérez Mora, Alexander (13 September 2020). "Estallido social y pandemia: de los cabildos a las ollas comunes. El caso del Norte Grande de Chile". Espacio abierto. Universidad del Zulia. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
- 1 2 Huneeus, Carlos (16 April 2020). "Las seis debilidades presidenciales de Sebastián Piñera: algo más que simples "piñericosas"". El Mostrador (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ↑ "Revive EN PERSONA, invitado Excmo. Señor Sebastián Piñera, Presidente de la República de Chile". ICARE. 28 August 2020. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
- ↑ Progress and its discontents Archived 17 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine. The Economist'
- ↑ "Gobierno responde a The Economist sobre epítetos a Presidente Piñera". Emol. 13 April 2012. Archived from the original on 31 May 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ↑ Álamo, Claudia (3 June 2021). "Oscar Godoy, cientista político: "A Piñera le faltó ejercer su autoridad"". The Clinic. Archived from the original on 4 June 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
- ↑ Ministra Schmidt por broma de Piñera: "El chiste no sólo es fome, sino que hiriente para muchas mujeres" Archived 9 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine, La Tercera.
- 1 2 Sebastián Piñera criticado por chiste machista en cumbre de México Archived 7 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, El Comercio.
- ↑ ""Las Piñerías o Piñericosas siguen siendo el hazmerreir del gobierno. Piñera asegura ser descendiente de un emperador inca. Sociólogo Pablo Hunneus, senador Jorge Pizarro y diputado Fidel Espinoza le critican la escasa dignidad que imprime al cargo". June 16, 2011. Cambio 21". Archived from the original on 19 June 2011.
- ↑ "Para Humala, Piñera es descendiente del inca Huayna Cápac". El Comercio. 15 June 2011. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ↑ Souza, Pete (4 June 2013). "P060413PS-0549". The White House Flickr Photostream. Archived from the original on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
- ↑ "Piñera volvió a meter la pata – Edición Impresa – Opinión". www.ellitoral.com. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- 1 2 Piñera y los presidentes tachados de "mala suerte" Archived 1 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine. BBC.
- ↑ Saleh, Felipe (7 March 2011). "Por qué Piñera habla como telepredicador". El Mostrador. Archived from the original on 18 December 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 Vergara, Carlos (18 August 2012). "Chile. Furor por una película que parodia a Piñera". La Nación (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- ↑ Troubled political debate for personification from Kramer to Piñera on TVN Archived 10 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine La Nación. 7 de julio de 2010. Revised on 3 August 2010
- 1 2 "Kramer prepara videos y omite imitación a Piñera en show de cierre de la Teletón". La Tercera (in Spanish). 28 November 2012. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- 1 2 "Paulsen sobre Piñera durante imitación de Kramer: La opción menos dañina fue sentarse y disfrutar el evento". ADN Radio (in Spanish). 5 December 2011. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ↑ Cartajena, Matías (22 August 2012). "Stefan versus NO". El Mostrador (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- ↑ "José Mujica: "De repente Piñera tiene poco glamour"". Cooperativa.cl. 2 February 2013. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Espinoza, Camilo (15 April 2020). ""Enemigo poderoso e implacable que no respeta a nada ni a nadie": Qué hay detrás del discurso que repite Piñera". The Clinic (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
- ↑ "Presidente Piñera: "Estoy seguro de que, con la unidad de todos los chilenos, vamos a derrotar a los violentistas y vamos a recuperar el país en paz y el país con libertad que todos queremos"". Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
- ↑ "Cost of living protests in Chile take deadly toll". BBC News. 21 October 2019. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
- ↑ ""La verdad es que no estoy en guerra con nadie": General Iturriaga se desmarca de dichos del Presidente Piñera". La Tercera (in Spanish). 2 October 2019. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
- ↑ "Gobierno de Chile". Archived from the original on 26 February 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ↑ "Inter-American Dialogue | Sebastián Piñera". www.thedialogue.org. Archived from the original on 20 April 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
- ↑ https://elpais.com/argentina/2023-11-12/los-expresidentes-rajoy-pinera-duque-y-calderon-piden-el-voto-para-el-ultraderechista-milei-en-argentina.html
- ↑ "Tildelinger av ordener og medaljer". www.kongehuset.no. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ↑ "Condecoran al presidente de Chile con el Gran Collar de la Orden El Sol del Perú". Andina (in Spanish). Lima, Peru. 25 November 2010. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
- ↑ "Boletín Oficial del Estado" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- 1 2 Meléndez Valero, Francisco Javier (2012). "Linajes de Piñera en Ubiarco y de Lombera en Limpias, antepasados cántabros de Sebastián Piñera, presidente de Chile". Revista de la Asociación Cántabra de Genealogía (in Spanish) (7): 143. ISSN 1989-5267. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
External links
- Official website
- (in Spanish) Extended biography by CIDOB Foundation
- (in Spanish) Biographical notes, in Spanish
- (in Spanish) Genealogy of the Piñera family in Chile