Sharps Formation
Stratigraphic range: Paleogene
TypeGeological formation
Sub-unitsRockyford Member[1]
UnderliesMonroe Creek Formation[1]
OverliesBrule Formation[1]
Location
Region South Dakota
Country United States

The Sharps Formation is a geologic formation in South Dakota. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene.[1]

The Sharps Formation is the namesake of the community of Sharps Corner, South Dakota.[2]

Fossil content

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
 Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Mammals

Carnivorans

Carnivorans reported from the Sharps Formation
GenusSpeciesLocation Stratigraphic position MaterialNotesImages
Archaeocyon A. leptodus Shannon & Jackson counties, South Dakota.[3] Middle & upper part of the formation.[3] Skull elements.[3] A borophagine dog.
A. pavidus Southeast corner of Sheep Mountain, Shannon County, South Dakota.[3] Lower part of the formation.[3] 2 partial skeletons.[3] A borophagine dog.
Cormocyon C. haydeni Wounded Knee area, Shannon County, South Dakota.[3] Upper part of the formation.[3] Left maxillary (F:AM 49436).[3] A borophagine dog.
Cynarctoides C. lemur Shannon County, South Dakota.[3] Lower & upper parts of the formation.[3] Jaw elements.[3] A borophagine dog also known from the John Day, Brule & Browns Park formations.
C. roii Wounded Knee Area, Shannon County, South Dakota.[1][3] Upper part of the formation.[3] Skull elements.[1][3] A borophagine dog also known from the lower Arikaree Group
Cynodesmus C. cooki Wounded Knee Area.[1] Mandibles.[1] Reassigned to the genus Otarocyon.[3]
Ekgmoiteptecela E. olsontau Wounded Knee Area.[1] Rockyford Member.[1] Right ramus (SDSM 54247).[1] Junior synonym of Hoplophoneus cerebralis.[4]
Enhydrocyon E. crassidens Wounded Knee Area.[1] Crania.[1] A hesperocyonine dog also known from the Harrison Formation.
E. pahinsintewakpa Wounded Knee Area.[1][5] Near the top of the formation.[5] Right mandible.[1][5] A hesperocyonine dog.
Hesperocyon H. leptodus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull elements.[1] Reassigned to the genus Archaeocyon.[3]
Hoplophoneus H. cerebralis Wounded Knee Area, South Dakota.[1][4] Rockyford Member.[1] Right ramus (SDSM 54247).[1] A nimravid.
Leptocyon L. douglassi Wounded Knee Area.[6] Maxillary fragments.[6] A canine dog also known from the Toston & John Day formations.
Mesocyon M. robustus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Mandibles.[1] A hesperocyonine dog.
"M." temnodon Shannon County, South Dakota.[5] Basal part and near the top of the formation.[5] Rami.[5] A hesperocyonine dog.
Nothocyon N. geismarianus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw elements.[1] An arctoid formerly thought to be a canid, also known from the Monroe Creek Formation.
N. lemur Wounded Knee Area.[1][3] Jaw elements.[1][3] Reassigned to Cynarctoides.
N. roii Wounded Knee Area.[1][3] Skull elements.[1][3] Reassigned to Cynarctoides.
Otarocyon O. cooki Wounded Knee Area, Shannon County, South Dakota.[3] Upper part of the formation.[3] Partial rami.[3] A small borophagine dog also known from the lower Arikaree Group.
Palaeogale P. dorothiae Wounded Knee Area.[1] Fragment of right mandible (SDSM 53326).[1] A palaeogalid.
Paradaphoenus P. tooheyi South Dakota.[7] Maxilla (LACM 21649).[7] A bear-dog.
Philotrox P. condoni Wounded Knee area, Shannon County & Quiver Hill localities, Washabaugh County.[5] Middle member.[5] Skull and jaw remains.[5] A hesperocyonine dog also found in the John Day Formation.
Sunkahetanka S. geringensis Wounded Knee Area, Shannon & Jackson counties.[1][5] Middle member.[5] Jaw elements.[1][5] A hesperocyonine dog also known from the topmost part of the Brule Formation.
S. pahinsintewakpa Wounded Knee Area.[1] Right mandible.[1] Reassigned to Enhydrocyon.

Eulipotyphlans

Eulipotyphlans reported from the Sharps Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Arctoryctes A. terrenus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Humeri.[1] A proscalopid also found in the Rosebud Formation.
Domnina D. dakotensis Wounded Knee Area.[8] Mandible.[8] A shrew.
D. greeni Wounded Knee Area.[1][8] Fragment of left mandible (SDSM 5895).[1] A shrew.
Domninoides D. evelynae Wounded Knee Area.[1] Mandibles.[1] Species reassigned to Proscalops.[8]
Ocajila O. makpiyahe Wounded Knee Area.[1] Fragment of left mandible (SDSM 56105) & LACM 9491.[1][8] A gymnure.
Palaeoscalopus P. pineridgensis Wounded Knee Area.[8] 2 dentaries.[8] Junior synonym of Quadrodens wilsoni.[8]
Proscalops P. evelynae Wounded Knee Area.[8] A proscalopid.
Quadrodens Q. wilsoni Wounded Knee Area.[8] Dentaries.[8] A talpid mole.
Talpidae Genus indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] Fragments of 2 upper molars (SDSM 5898).[1] A talpid mole.
Trimylus T. sp. Wounded Knee Area.[8] A dentary fragment (LACM 9380) formerly assigned to Ocajila.[8] A shrew.

Lagomorphs

Lagomorphs reported from the Sharps Formation
GenusSpeciesLocation Stratigraphic position MaterialNotesImages
Megalagus M. primitivus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Mandibles.[1] A leporid.
?Palaeolaginae Wounded Knee Area.[1] Fragment of left mandible (SDSM 5542).[1] A leporid.
Palaeolagus P. hypsodus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull & jaw elements.[1] A leporid.
P. philoi Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw elements.[1] A leporid.

Metatherians

Metatherians reported from the Sharps Formation
GenusSpeciesLocation Stratigraphic position MaterialNotesImages
Herpetotherium H. youngi Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw elements & teeth.[1] A herpetotheriid originally reported as Peratherium spindleri.[9]
Peratherium P. spindleri Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw elements & teeth.[1] Junior synonym of Herpetotherium youngi.[9]

Primates

Primates reported from the Sharps Formation
GenusSpeciesLocation Stratigraphic position MaterialNotesImages
Ekgmowechashala E. philotau Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw elements.[1] An adapiform.

Rodents

Rodents reported from the Sharps Formation
GenusSpeciesLocation Stratigraphic position MaterialNotesImages
Capacikala C. gradatus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull elements.[1] A castorid also known from the John Day Formation.
Capatanka C. cankpeopi Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull elements.[1] A castorid.
Eumys E. blacki Wounded Knee Area.[1] Right ramus (SDSM 5574).[1] A cricetid.
E. woodi Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw elements.[1] A cricetid.
Florentiamys F. agnewi Wounded Knee Area.[1] Fragment of left ramus (SDSM 55120).[1] A florentiamyid.
Grangerimus G. dakotensis Wounded Knee Area.[1] Crania.[1] A geomyid.
Heliscomys H. species indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] 4 isolated molars (SDSM 54365).[1] A heliscomyid.
Hitonkala H. andersontau Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull elements.[1] A heteromyid.
Meniscomys M. hippodus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Left ramus (SDSM 56113).[1] An aplodontid.
Palaeocastor P. nebrascensis Wounded Knee Area.[1] Numerous skull elements.[1] A castorid.
Pleurolicus P. clasoni Wounded Knee Area.[1] Fragment of right ramus (SDSM 54388).[1] A geomyid.
P. leptophrys Wounded Knee Area.[1] Right ramus (SDSM 53380).[1] A geomyid also known from the Rosebud Formation.
Proheteromys P. bumpi Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw elements & teeth.[1] A heteromyid.
P. fedti Wounded Knee Area.[1] Right ramus (SDSM 56121).[1] A heteromyid.
P. gremmelsi Wounded Knee Area.[1] Left ramus (SDSM 5574).[1] A heteromyid.
Prosciurus P. dawsonae Wounded Knee Area.[1] Rami.[1] An ischyromyid.
?P. dawsonae Wounded Knee Area.[1] Maxillary fragment (SDSM 5598).[1] An ischyromyid.
Scottimus S. sp. indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] 2 isolated upper molars (SDSM 58101).[1] A cricetid.
Tamias Species indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] 9 isolated cheek teeth (SDSM 58100).[1] A chipmunk.

Ungulates

Ungulates reported from the Sharps Formation
GenusSpeciesLocation Stratigraphic position MaterialNotesImages
Agriochoerus A. sp. indet. Wounded Knee Area.[1] Maxillary fragments & lower jaws (SDSM 54161).[1] A tylopod.
Arretotherium A. sp. indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] Isolated molars.[1] An anthracothere.
Cyclopidius C. schucherti Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull elements.[1]
C. simus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull elements.[1]
Daeodon D. sp. Cedar Pass, Badlands National Monument, South Dakota.[10] Anterior portion of a skull (SDSM 675).[10] An entelodont, originally reported as Dinohyus.
Desmatochoerus D. hatcheri geringensis Wounded Knee Area.[1] 2 specimens.[1] An oreodont.
D. (Paradesmatochoerus) wyomingensis Wounded Knee Area.[1] Partial cranium.[1] An oreodont.
Diceratherium D. armatum Wounded Knee Area.[1] Middle & very top of the formation.[1] Skull & tooth.[1] A rhinoceros.
D. gregorii Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull elements.[1] A rhinoceros.
D. cf. gregorii Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw elements.[1] A rhinoceros.
Dinohyus D. sp. Cedar Pass, Badlands National Monument, South Dakota.[10] Anterior portion of a skull (SDSM 675).[10] Junior synonym of Daeodon.
Hyracodon H. apertus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Lower part of the formation.[1] Partial skull (SDSM 54141).[1] A hyracodontid.
? H. sp. indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] Rockyford Member.[1] Partial mandible (SDSM 54183).[1] A hyracodontid.
Leptochoerus L. sp. indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] Fragment of ramus (SDSM 56101).[1] A leptochoerid.
Leptomeryx L. sp. indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] Ramus fragments.[1] A leptomerycine.
Mesoreodon M. megalodon cf. sweeti Wounded Knee Area.[1] Partial cranium (SDSM 54220).[1] An oreodont.
Miohippus M. equiceps Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull elements.[1] An equid.
M. near equinanus Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw elements.[1] An equid.
Nanotragulus N. intermedius Wounded Knee Area.[1] Spread throughout the greater portion of the formation.[1] Numerous jaw elements.[1] A hypertragulid.
N. cf. loomisi Wounded Knee Area.[1] Mandibular & maxillary fragments.[1] A hypertragulid.
Oxydactylus O. cf. wyomingensis Wounded Knee Area.[1] Skull elements.[1] A camelid.
?O. sp. indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] Mandible fragments of adults.[1] A camelid.

Reptiles

Squamates

Squamates reported from the Sharps Formation
GenusSpeciesLocation Stratigraphic position MaterialNotesImages
Amphisbaenidae Genus indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] 2 jaw fragments (SDSM 5897).[1] A worm lizard.
Anguidae Genus indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] 30 jaw fragments (SDSM 5896).[1] An anguid lizard.
Iguanidae Genus indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] 11 jaw fragments (SDSM 5829).[1] An iguanid lizard.
Macrorhineura M. skinneri Wounded Knee, Shannon County, South Dakota.[11] Anterior portion of skull (LACM 9249).[11] A worm lizard.
Peltosaurus P. granulosus Sharps Corner, South Dakota.[12] Upper part of the formation.[12] Multiple specimens.[12] A glyptosaurine lizard also known from the Monroe Creek Formation.
?P. sp. indeterminate Wounded Knee Area.[1] Jaw fragment (SDSM 5578).[1] A glyptosaurine lizard.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 Macdonald, J. R. (James Reid); Thomson, Albert Report of the expedition of 1906 to the Miocene on Pine Ridge Indian Reservation (1963). "The Miocene faunas from the Wounded Knee area of western South Dakota. article 3". Bulletin of the AMNH. 125. hdl:2246/1259.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ↑ Harksen, J. C.; Macdonald, J. R.; Sevon, W. D. (1961). "New Miocene Formation in South Dakota" (PDF). p. 2. Retrieved 2022-10-05 – via South Dakota Geological Survey.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H.; Taylor, Beryl E. (1999). "Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora, Canidae)". Bulletin of the AMNH (243): 9–391. hdl:2246/1588.
  4. 1 2 Barrett, Paul Z. (2016-02-09). "Taxonomic and systematic revisions to the North American Nimravidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)". PeerJ. 4: e1658. doi:10.7717/peerj.1658. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4756750. PMID 26893959.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Wang, Xiaoming (1994). "Phylogenetic systematics of the Hesperocyoninae (Carnivora, Canidae)". Bulletin of the AMNH (221). hdl:2246/829.
  6. 1 2 Tedford, Richard H.; Wang, Xiaoming; Taylor, Beryl E. (2009). Phylogenetic systematics of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora, Canidae). (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 325). [New York] : American Museum of Natural History. hdl:2246/5999.
  7. 1 2 Hunt, Robert M. (2001). "Small Oligocene amphicyonids from North America (Paradaphoenus, Mammalia, Carnivora)". American Museum Novitates (3331): 1–20. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2001)330<0001:BAOTLL>2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/2884. S2CID 83979855.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Hutchison, J. Howard (1972-12-29). "Review of the Insectivora from early Miocene Sharps formation of South Dakota". Contributions in Science. 235: 1––16. doi:10.5962/p.241219. ISSN 0459-8113. S2CID 134450974.
  9. 1 2 Korth, William W. (1994). "Middle Tertiary Marsupials (Mammalia) from North America". Journal of Paleontology. 68 (2): 376–397. doi:10.1017/S0022336000022952. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1306077. S2CID 130386546.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Parris, David C.; Green, Morton (1969). "Dinohyus (Mammalia: Entelodontidae) in the Sharps Formation, South Dakota". Journal of Paleontology. 43 (5): 1277–1279. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1302440.
  11. 1 2 Hembree, Daniel I. (April 30, 2007). "Phylogenetic revision of Rhineuridae (Reptilia: Squamata: Amphisbaenia) from the Eocene to Miocene of North America". The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions (15): 1–20. doi:10.17161/PCNS.1808.3763. S2CID 59354440.
  12. 1 2 3 Scarpetta, Simon G. (October 2019). "Peltosaurus granulosus (Squamata, Anguidae) from the Middle Oligocene of Sharps Corner, South Dakota, and the Youngest Known Chronostratigraphic Occurrence of Glyptosaurinae". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (3): e1622129. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1622129. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 196690362.


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