Shunde
顺德区
Shuntak; Shunte
District
Ronggui Subdistrict in Shunde
Ronggui Subdistrict in Shunde
Coordinates: 22°50′11″N 113°15′09″E / 22.83639°N 113.25250°E / 22.83639; 113.25250
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceGuangdong
Prefecture-level cityFoshan
Area
 • Total806 km2 (311 sq mi)
 [1]
Population
 (2010)[1]
 • Total2,464,784
 • Density3,100/km2 (7,900/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
528300
Website(in Chinese) www.shunde.gov.cn
Shunde, Foshan
Simplified Chinese顺德区
Traditional Chinese順德區
Jyutpingseon6 dak1 keoi1
Cantonese YaleSeuhndāk Kēui
Hanyu PinyinShùndé Qū
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese顺德
Traditional Chinese順德
Jyutpingseon6 dak1
Cantonese YaleSeuhndāk
Hanyu PinyinShùndé
PostalShuntak

Shunde (Shuntak in Cantonese) is a district of the city of Foshan, Guangdong province, located in the Pearl River Delta. It had a population of 2,464,784 as of the 2010 census.[2] Once a traditional agricultural county, it has become one of the most affluent counties in Guangdong and mainland China. Since 2009 it has been administered independently of Foshan city, answerable directly to the Guangdong provincial government.

History

According to archaeological discoveries, human settlements appeared during the Spring and Autumn period. In the third year of Jinghai era (1452 AD), after the Ming dynasty suppressed the rebellion led by Huang Xiao Yang (黃蕭養), Shunde county was formally established. Before that, this area was part of Nam Hoi county (Nanhai Xian) and Sun Hui county (Xinhui Xian).

The people of Daliang subdistrict of Shunde have a long history of consuming water buffalo cheese and milk products (particularly double skin milk dessert), which is why the township had begun promoting itself as the “Township of Milk and Honey”[3]

Shunde was a center for the development of the mulberry and sericulture industry in Guangdong province during the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. It was at this time that the Comb Sister culture emerged from Shunde in opposition to the strict patriarchal feudal system, allowing unmarried women to live financially independent with the social pressure of marriage lifted. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911, the feudal system and the silk production industry collapsed, ending the local Comb Sister custom.

The first outbreak of the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak was recorded in Shunde on 16 November 2002.[4]

Administration divisions

Shunde was a county-level city until 8 December 2002, when it became a district of Foshan prefecture-level city.[5] Shunde has direct jurisdiction over four subdistricts and six towns:

NameChinese (S)Hanyu PinyinPopulation (2010)[6]Area (km2)
Daliang Subdistrict大良街道Dàliáng Jiēdào404,30980.19
Ronggui Subdistrict容桂街道Róngguì Jiēdào449,68780.17
Leliu Subdistrict勒流街道Lēiliú Jiēdào252,36490.84
Lunjiao Subdistrict伦教街道Lúnjiào Jiēdào184,47959.21
Beijiao town北滘镇Běijiào Zhèn270,31092.41
Lecong town乐从镇Lècóng Zhèn259,79577.55
Jun'an town均安镇Jūn'ān Zhèn141,73679.36
Xingtan town杏坛镇Xìngtán Zhèn144,537122.07
Chencun town陈村镇Chéncūn Zhèn135,68650.92
Longjiang town龙江镇Lóngjiāng Zhèn221,88173.78

Unique as a district of any prefecture-level city in China, Shunde has been granted a degree of prefecture-level administrative autonomy over certain matters, notably economic development, independent of Foshan city, and has been answerable directly to the Guangdong Provincial government since 2009.[5]

Climate

Climate data for Shunde (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 28.4
(83.1)		 30.6
(87.1)		 32.0
(89.6)		 34.0
(93.2)		 39.5
(103.1)		 37.9
(100.2)		 38.7
(101.7)		 37.9
(100.2)		 37.2
(99.0)		 36.3
(97.3)		 32.5
(90.5)		 29.4
(84.9)		 39.5
(103.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 18.7
(65.7)		 20.2
(68.4)		 22.7
(72.9)		 27.0
(80.6)		 30.6
(87.1)		 32.5
(90.5)		 33.8
(92.8)		 33.5
(92.3)		 32.3
(90.1)		 29.4
(84.9)		 25.3
(77.5)		 20.6
(69.1)		 27.2
(81.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 14.8
(58.6)		 16.3
(61.3)		 19.0
(66.2)		 23.2
(73.8)		 26.6
(79.9)		 28.5
(83.3)		 29.5
(85.1)		 29.3
(84.7)		 28.3
(82.9)		 25.6
(78.1)		 21.3
(70.3)		 16.6
(61.9)		 23.3
(73.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 12.1
(53.8)		 13.7
(56.7)		 16.5
(61.7)		 20.6
(69.1)		 23.9
(75.0)		 25.9
(78.6)		 26.6
(79.9)		 26.5
(79.7)		 25.5
(77.9)		 22.8
(73.0)		 18.5
(65.3)		 13.8
(56.8)		 20.5
(69.0)
Record low °C (°F) 3.2
(37.8)		 4.8
(40.6)		 6.1
(43.0)		 10.4
(50.7)		 16.1
(61.0)		 19.4
(66.9)		 22.4
(72.3)		 22.9
(73.2)		 19.3
(66.7)		 15.1
(59.2)		 7.1
(44.8)		 2.8
(37.0)		 2.8
(37.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 48.8
(1.92)		 51.0
(2.01)		 83.7
(3.30)		 174.0
(6.85)		 279.4
(11.00)		 312.8
(12.31)		 220.7
(8.69)		 259.6
(10.22)		 197.1
(7.76)		 72.7
(2.86)		 36.4
(1.43)		 36.4
(1.43)		 1,772.6
(69.78)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 7.0 9.5 13.7 14.4 17.1 18.3 16.3 16.2 12.1 5.7 5.3 5.4 141
Average relative humidity (%) 70 75 79 80 80 81 78 78 74 66 66 63 74
Mean monthly sunshine hours 117.2 89.4 73.0 87.5 128.9 153.8 208.4 192.1 179.2 191.3 164.0 154.5 1,739.3
Percent possible sunshine 35 28 20 23 31 38 51 48 49 54 50 47 40
Source: China Meteorological Administration[7][8]

Economy

Situated in the fertile Pearl River Delta, its economy was once dominated by agriculture, fisheries and silk farming. Since the implementation of policies related to reform and openness began in 1978, the people of this area were given full control over their geographical position and culture. This has allowed Shunde to gradually develop into a modern industrial boomtown, especially the manufacturing of furniture and electric appliances.[9] Major Mainland Chinese product brands are headquartered in Shunde with major production facilities. Recently a new technology industrial park has also been opened in this area, featuring car manufacturers such as Toyota.

Major Chinese companies such as Galanz,[10] Kelon, Country Garden[11] and Midea, has its headquarters in Shunde District.

Shunde was approved as a pilot city for the comprehensive reform of Guangdong in 1993,[5] and also for taking the lead in accomplishing modernization in 1999. From 2000 to 2003, Shunde was ranked first among China's top 100 counties for Basic Economic Competitiveness for four consecutive years (released by National Bureau of Statistics of China). In 2005, Shunde's GDP was 2,170 billion yuan.[12]

Today, this area has become one of the most affluent counties in Guangdong and mainland China (according to official information from the Chinese government and the United Nations). The GDP reached 127.5 billion yuan in 2007, an annual increase of 18%, and GDP per capita reached 107,991 yuan (ca. US$14,200).

Tourism

Tourist attractions include the Qinghui Garden, which features fish ponds surrounded by osmanthus, bamboo and mulberry bushes,[13] as well as the Bruce Lee Memorial Museum located in Jun'an. Shunfengshan Park was opened to the public in 2004 and has a memorial archway which is 88 metres (289 ft) wide and 38 metres (125 ft) high. Baolin Temple is accessible through the park.[14]

Travelling from Shunde is easy with many different options. There are ferries and buses that go directly to Hong Kong, including an option to Hong Kong International Airport. Bus tickets can be purchased at the New World Centre Hotel. Macau is easily accessible by train, taking less than an hour. Guangzhou is accessible by train, taxi or bus.[15]

UNESCO Creative Cities

China’s southern city of Shunde joined the UNESCO Creative Cities Network as the city of gastronomy on Monday. Another 27 cities from 19 countries were also added to the list.

Shunde has long been widely regarded as the basis for exquisite Cantonese cuisine and the cradle of Cantonese cuisine chefs. While the cuisine of Guangzhou has been historically very minimalist in terms of flavorings, food from Shunde is known for its liberal use of ingredients such as sun dried tangerine peel and dates, resulting in simple but powerful flavors.

Launched in 2004, the UNESCO Creative Cities Network is celebrating its 10th anniversary this year. The network aims to foster international cooperation between cities committed to investing in creativity as a driver for sustainable urban development, social inclusion and enhanced cultural influence in the world.

By joining the network, cities commit to collaborate and develop partnerships with a view to promoting creativity and cultural industries, to share best practices, to strengthen participation in cultural life and to integrate culture in economic and social development plans.

The network covers seven thematic areas: craft and folk arts, design, film, gastronomy, Literature, media arts and music. It aims to promote international cooperation and encourage the sharing of experiences and resources to promote local development through culture and creativity.

With these new designations, the number of UNESCO Creative Cities Network members now totals 69.

Famous residents and people from the area

Martial artist Bruce Lee's ancestral roots are traced to Gwan'on (Jun'an) in Seundak (Shunde). A street in the village is named after the actor, and his ancestral home is open to the public.

Others include:

References

  1. 1 2 顺德基本概况 (in Chinese). Shunde People's Government of Foshan. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  2. ↑ Tabulation on the 2010 population census of the people's republic of China by township (1st ed.). Beijing: China Statistics Print. 2012. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.
  3. ↑ Mak, Sau-Wa (2 October 2014). "The Revival of Traditional Water Buffalo Cheese Consumption: Class, Heritage and Modernity in Contemporary China". Food and Foodways. 22 (4): 322–347. doi:10.1080/07409710.2014.973797. ISSN 0740-9710. S2CID 143971568.
  4. ↑ "A Chronicle on the SARS Epidemic". Chinese Law & Government. 36 (4): 12–15. July–August 2003. doi:10.2753/CLG0009-4609360412. ISSN 0009-4609. S2CID 219305114. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 历史沿革 (in Chinese). Government of Shunde. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
  6. ↑ shi, Guo wu yuan ren kou pu cha ban gong; council, Guo jia tong ji ju ren kou he jiu ye tong ji si bian = Tabulation on the 2010 population census of the people's republic of China by township / compiled by Population census office under the state; population, Department of; statistics, employment statistics national bureau of (2012). Zhongguo 2010 nian ren kou pu cha fen xiang, zhen, jie dao zi liao (Di 1 ban. ed.). Beijing Shi: Zhongguo tong ji chu ban she. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  7. ↑ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  8. ↑ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  9. ↑ 传统产业 (in Chinese). Government of Shunde. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
  10. ↑ "Contact Us." Galanz. Retrieved on 23 May 2015. "Address: No.25, Ronggui South Rd, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China" and Chinese address: Foshan: "地址：广东省佛山市顺德区容桂大道南25号"
  11. ↑ "OFFICE". Country Garden. Retrieved 5 February 2021. Headquarters Address: Country Garden Center，1 Country Garden Road，Beijiao Town, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong 528312 PRC
  12. ↑ "广东GDP总量超新加坡香港" (in Chinese). Government of Shunde. 26 January 2006.
  13. ↑ "Qinghui Garden". CITS.net. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
  14. ↑ "Shunde China guide: tips for travelling, tours, attractions, excursions, hotels reservation". www.shunde-hotels.com. Archived from the original on 6 May 2006.
  15. ↑ 顺峰山简介 (in Chinese). 24 July 2009. Archived from the original on 10 April 2012.
  16. ↑ "Bloomberg Billionaires Index". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
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