Sidney Finkelstein
BornSidney Walter Finkelstein
(1909-07-04)July 4, 1909
Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
DiedJanuary 14, 1974(1974-01-14) (aged 64)
Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
Occupationwriter
LanguageEnglish
NationalityAmerican
EducationCity College of New York, New York University
Alma materColumbia University
GenreMusic
SubjectJazz
Years active1930s-1973
Notable worksJazz, A People's Music (1948), How Music Expresses Ideas (1952)
Website
scua.library.umass.edu/umarmot/finkelstein-sidney/

Sidney Finkelstein (1909–1974) was an American writer of music who specialized in jazz and was best known for his books Jazz, A People's Music (1948) and How Music Expresses Ideas (1952).[1] Along with Charles Seeger (father of Pete Seeger), Finkelstein is considered "one of two American Marxist musical theoreticians of consequence."[2][3] He has also been compared to British jazz writer "Francis Newton," pseudonym for British Marxist historian Eric Hobsbawn.[4]

Background

Finkelstein received an MA in 1932 at Columbia University (here panorama)

Sidney Walter Finkelstein was born on July 4, 1909, in Brooklyn, New York. In 1929, he received a BA from the City College of New York. In 1932, he received an MA from Columbia University. (In 1955, he received a second MA from New York University.)[1][3]

Career

Finkelstein wrote for the New Masses (here, cover by Hugo Gellert, May 1926)

In the 1930s, Finkelstein was a book reviewer for the Brooklyn Daily Eagle while also working for the United States Postal Service. In the 1940s, he joined staff of the New York Herald Tribune as a music reviewer, while also contributing to publications including the New Masses and its successor Masses and Mainstream (where he remained until its close in 1963[5]).[1][3]

In 1951, Finkelstein joined the staff of Vanguard Records, a New York record label for in jazz and classical music, where he worked until 1973.[1][3]

Finkelstein, "a former newspaper writer turned Marxist art critic,"[2] was an active member of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA), serving as the Party's musical and cultural theoretician. He applied Socialist Realism in his books.[1]

Investigation

Francis E. Walter chaired HUAC when Finkelstein testified in 1957

In 1957, the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) subpoenaed Finkelstein for testimony and cited his Communist party affiliation.[1] In its subsequent report, HUAC specifically identified him as "cultural spokesman for the Communist Party" and was a member of the board of directors of the Metropolitan Music School of New York City, which HUAC claimed was "controlled by identified Communists." The school's founder and director, Lilly Popper, refused to answer questions about Party affiliation. Mildred Roth accompanied Finkelstein as legal counsel. Finkelstein said he had been a board member 1955-1957 and had previously taught at the school. He would not disclose where else he had taught (specifically the Jefferson School of Social Science). He refused to comment about affiliation with the CPUSA or on HUAC's repeated questions about "communist conspiracy." With regard to conspiracy against the Nation [sic], Finkelstein retorted, "The Nation might be reduced to the terrible procedure of having to jail people for crimes only if it found that they actually committed them or found that they did something criminal, not just thinking." HUAC cited the Jefferson School as a subversive according to the Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations of 2 January 1957.[6]

Immediately following his testimony, Finkelstein's name appeared in three issues of the anti-communist newsletter Counterattack as a member of the board of directors of the Metropolitan Music School.[7] In 1964, The Weekly Crusader noted the HUAC findings and commented:

...on October 2, 1920, Lenin informed the conspirators that they must re-work "the culture created by the whole development of mankind..." He told these young communists that "only by re-working this culture, is it possible to build proletarian (communist) culture..." Music, of course, is misused as a part of this communist "cultural" war against mankind. In a book published by the communist publishing house, International Publishers, during 1952, and entitled How Music Expresses Ideas, the author Sidney Finkelstein used the above quote by Lenin in relation to music.[8]

Personal life and death

While friends did not know whether Finkelstein had a family of his own, two of his closest friends were Phillip Bonosky and Herbert Aptheker.[9]

In his 1922 novel Babbitt, Sinclair Lewis included a character named "Sidney Finkelstein" (a ladies' ready-to-wear buyer for Parcher & Stein's department store) — no relation.

Sidney Finkelstein died age 64 on January 14, 1974, in Brooklyn, New York.[1][3]

Finkelstein had two brothers who survived him.[3]

Works

Finkelstein wrote nearly a dozen books and scores of articles.[3]

Books
  • Art and Society (1947)[10]
  • Jazz, A People's Music (1948)[11]
    • Jazz, A People's Music (1975)[12]
    • Jazz, A People's Music (2018)[13]
  • Jazz (1951)[14]
  • How Music Expresses Ideas (1952)[15]
    • How Music Expresses Ideas (1952? Australia)[16]
    • How Music Expresses Ideas (1952 UK)[17]
    • How Music Expresses Ideas (1970)[18]
  • Realism in Art (1954)[19]
  • Charles White: Ein Künstler Amerikas (1955)[20]
  • Composer and Nation: The Folk Heritage of Music (1960)[21]
  • Existentialism and Alienation in American Literature (1965)[22]
  • Sense and Nonsense of McLuhan (1968)[23]
  • The Young Picasso (1969)
  • Who Needs Shakespeare? (1973)[24]


Contributions
  • James Fenimore Cooper: Short Stories from His Novels (1970)[25]


Articles
  • "The Folk Song is Back to Stay," Worker Magazine (6 March 1949)
  • "Answering Attack on Marxism – New York City," Daily Worker (14 October 1949)[6]
  • "Charles White's Humanist Art," Masses & Mainstream (1953)[26]
  • "How Art Began," Masses & Mainstream (1954)[27]

Legacy

Finkelstein remains an ongoing expert source on jazz. In 2015, the New York Times cited him in an article on William Dieterle.[29] In 2018, Culture Matters wrote an appreciation of him, which summarized by saying, "Analyses of jazz and society will therefore run aground if they fail to consult Jazz: A People’s Music."[9] Finkelstein's analysis of Charles White (artist) has continued to receive citations up to 2020.[30]

The University of Massachusetts Amherst houses Finkelstein's papers, which include correspondence with publisher Angus Cameron, artist Rockwell Kent, writer John Howard Lawson, educator Howard Selsam, and music composer Virgil Thomson.[1]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Finkelstein, Sidney Walter, 1909-1974". University of Massachusetts Amherst. 1947. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  2. 1 2 Richard A. Reuss; JoAnne C. Reuss; Ralph Lee Smith; Ronald C. Cohen, eds. (2000). American Folk Music and Left-wing Politics, 1927-1957. Scarecrow Press. pp. 51 (consequence), 242 (turned), 269 (turned). ISBN 9780810836846. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Sidney Finkelstein, Music Critic, Dead". New York Times. 15 January 1974. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  4. ↑ Godel, Greg (22 August 2017). "Coltrane's revolutionary musical journey". Culture Matters. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  5. ↑ Peter Brooker; Andrew Thacker, eds. (2009). The Oxford Critical and Cultural History of Modernist Magazines: Volume II: North America 1894-1960. Oxford University Press. p. 854. ISBN 9780810836846. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  6. 1 2 Investigation of Communism in the Metropolitan Music School, Inc., and Related Fields. USGPO. April 1957. pp. vii (synopsis), 624 (Popper), 672–680 (testimony). Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  7. ↑ "Counterattack". American Business Consultants. 1957: 57 (12 April 1947), 116 (19 July 1957), 2 (unclear date 1957). Retrieved 30 July 2021. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. ↑ "The Weekly Crusader, Volume 5". Christian Crusade. 1964: 3–4. Retrieved 30 July 2021. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. 1 2 Rosenberg, Daniel (12 January 2018). "Sidney Finkelstein: an appreciation of the great Marxist cultural critic". Culture Matters. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  10. ↑ Finkelstein, Sidney (1947). Art and Society. International Publishers. LCCN 47011604. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  11. ↑ Finkelstein, Sidney (1948). "illustrations by Jules Halfant". Jazz: A People's Music. Citadel Press. LCCN 48009687. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  12. ↑ Finkelstein, Sidney (1975). Jazz: A People's Music. Da Capo Press. LCCN 74023386. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  13. ↑ Finkelstein, Sidney (2018). "illustrations by Jules Halfant, new foreword by Geoffrey Jacques". Jazz: A People's Music. International Publishers. LCCN 2018031298. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  14. ↑ Finkelstein, Sidney (1951). Jazz. G. Hatje. LCCN 53023723. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  15. ↑ Finkelstein, Sidney (1952). How Music Expresses Ideas. International Publishers. LCCN 52007579. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  16. ↑ Finkelstein, Sidney (1952). How Music Expresses Ideas. Current Book Distributors. LCCN 55032558. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  17. ↑ Finkelstein, Sidney (1952). How Music Expresses Ideas. Lawrence & Wishart. LCCN 55031597. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  18. ↑ Finkelstein, Sidney (1970). How Music Expresses Ideas. Lawrence & Wishart. LCCN 70115168. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  19. ↑ Finkelstein, Sidney (1954). Realism in Art. International Publishers. LCCN 54012924. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  20. ↑ Finkelstein, Sidney (1955). Charles White: Ein Künstler Amerikas. Verlag d. Kunst. p. 67. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  21. ↑ Finkelstein, Sidney (1960). "foreword and afterword by Carmelo Peter Comberiati". Composer and Nation: The Folk Heritage of Music. International Publishers. LCCN 60009947. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  22. ↑ Finkelstein, Sidney (1965). Existentialism and Alienation in American Literature. International Publishers. LCCN 65016394. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  23. ↑ Finkelstein, Sidney (1968). Sense and Nonsense of McLuhan. International Publishers. LCCN 68054524. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  24. ↑ Finkelstein, Sidney (1973). Who Needs Shakespeare?. International Publishers. LCCN 79018760. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  25. ↑ Cooper, James Fenimore (1970). "excerpts and introduction by Sidney Finkelstein". James Fenimore Cooper: Short Stories from His Novels. International Publishers. LCCN 79018760. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  26. ↑ Finkelstein, Sidney (1953). "Charles White's Humanist Art". Masses & Mainstream. Retrieved 1 August 2021. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  27. ↑ Finkelstein, Sidney (June 1954). "How Art Began". Masses & Mainstream: 15–26. Retrieved 2 August 2021. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  28. ↑ Finkelstein, Sidney (March 1957). "Notes on Contemporary Music" (PDF). Political Affairs. Retrieved 1 August 2021. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  29. ↑ Hoberman, J (27 February 2015). "William Dieterle's 'Syncopation' on DVD: Bending Notes and Jazz History". New York Times. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  30. ↑ Harris, Serafina (4 July 2020). "Charles White and the Purpose of Education". Organization for Positive Peace. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
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