In optics, smear is used to refer to motion that has low temporal frequency relative to the integration/exposure time. This typically results from a relative rate of the image with respect to the detector (e.g., caused by movement in the scene). Smear is typically differentiated from jitter, which has a higher frequency relative to the integration time.^[1] Whereas smear refers to a relatively constant rate during the integration/exposure time, jitter refers to a relatively sinusoidal motion during the integration/exposure time.

The equation for the optical modulation transfer function associated with smear is the standard sinc function associated with an extended sample

${\displaystyle \mathrm {MTF} _{\mathrm {smear} }(u)={\frac {\sin(\pi \alpha u)}{\pi \alpha u}}}$

where u is the spatial frequency and ${\displaystyle \alpha }$ is the amplitude of the smear in pixels.^[2]

References