This is an index of religious honorifics from various religions.

Buddhism

Buddhist honorifics and titles
Role Description
Dalai Lama
Gaden Tripa
Panchen Lama
Ani
Dob-dob
Dorje Lopön
Gyalwang Drukpa
Gelongma
Geshe
Je Khenpo
Karmapa
Khenpo
Lama The teachers of Dharma in Tibet.
Pandita
Rinpoche
Third Bardor Tulku Rinpoche
Shabdrung
Shamarpa
Tai Situpa
Tulku In Tibetan Buddhism, a Lama who has through phowa and siddhi consciously determined to be reborn, often many times, in order to continue their Bodhisattva vow.
Acharya
Agga Maha Pandita
Ajahn
Ajari
Anāgāmi
Anagarika
Arhat
Ayya
Bhikkhu
Bhikkhuni
Bodhisattva
Chakravartin
Dhammacari
Dharmarakṣita (Sanskrit "Protected by the Dharma")
Jisha
Kaisan
Maha Kapphina
Mae ji
Mahasiddha
Oshō
Pratyekabuddha
Rōshi
Sakadagami
Samanera
Samaneri
Sāvakabuddha
Sayadaw
Sensei
Sikkhamānā
Singhai
Sotāpanna
Śrāvaka
Sunim
Temple boy
Tenzo
Thero
Thilashin
Unsui
Upajjhaya
Upāsaka and Upāsikā
Vajracharya

Christianity

Eastern Orthodox

Eastern Orthodox honorifics and titles
Role Description
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Ecumenical Patriarch [insert name], His All-Holiness, Your All-Holiness.
Successor of Saint Andrew the Apostle, one of the 12 Apostles of Jesus Christ
Patriarch Patriarch [insert name] of [place], Patriarch, His Beatitude, Your Beatitude.

The Patriarch of Alexandria is successor of Mark the Evangelist, author of the Gospel of Mark.
The Patriarch of Antioch is one of the successors of Saint Peter, one of the Apostle of Jesus Christ.
The Patriarch of Jerusalem is successor of Saint James the Just, one of Apostles of Jesus Christ.

Archbishop of an independent Church The Most Reverend Archbishop [insert name] of [place], Archbishop John, His Beatitude, Your Beatitude.
Archbishop of a sub-national Church The Most Reverend Archbishop [insert name] of [place], Archbishop John, His Eminence, Your Eminence.
Metropolitan The Most Reverend Metropolitan [insert name] of [place], Metropolitan John, His Eminence, Your Eminence.
Titular Metropolitan The Most Reverend Metropolitan [insert name] of [place], His Excellency, Your Excellency. Some Metropolitans use the style "The Very Most Reverend", and a Metropolitan who is the head of an independent Church is addressed as "Beatitude" rather than "Excellency".
Bishop The Most Reverend Bishop [insert name] of [place], Bishop [insert name], His Grace, Your Grace.
Titular/Auxiliary Bishop Same as for Bishops, above, and in other languages Sayedna (Arabic), Despota (Greek), Vladika (Russian).
Priest (Presbyter) The Reverend Father or Father.
Protopriest The Very Reverend Protopriest or Father.
Archpriest The Very Reverend Archpriest [insert name] or Father.
Archimandrite The Very Reverend Archimandrite [insert name], or The Right Reverend Archimandrite, or Father.
Hieromonk (Priest-monk) The Reverend Hieromonk or Father. In other languages Abouna (Arabic), Pappas (Greek), Batushka (Russian)
Priest's Wife Presbytera Mary (Greek), Khouria Mary (Arabic), Matushka Mary (Russian), Popadiya Mary (Serbian), Panimatushka (Ukrainian)
Deacon The Reverend Father [insert name], Deacon [insert name], Father [insert name], Deacon Father [insert name], Deacon [insert name]
Protodeacon The Reverend Protodeacon [insert name], Father [insert name], Deacon Father [insert name], Deacon [insert name]
Archdeacon The Reverend Archdeacon [insert name], Father [insert name], Deacon Father [insert name], Deacon [insert name].
Hierodeacon (Deacon-monk) The Reverend Hierodeacon [insert name], Father [insert name]
Deacon's Wife Diakonissa Mary (Greek), or the same titles as a priest's wife
Abbot The Right Reverend Abbot [insert name], Abbot [insert name], Father [insert name]
Abbess The Reverend Mother Superior [insert name], The Very Reverend Abbess [insert name], Reverend Mother [insert name], Mother [insert name]
Monk Monk [insert name], Father [insert name]
Rassophore Monk Rassophore Monk [insert name], Father [insert name]
Stavrophore Monk Stavrophore Monk [insert name], Father [insert name]
Schemamonk Schemamonk [insert name], Father [insert name]
Novice Novice [insert name]; or Brother [insert name]. The title "Brother" is a result of Latin influence; the title is only given to some novices with a special blessing.
Nun Nun [insert name], Mother [insert name]
Rassophore Nun Rassophore Nun [insert name], Sister [insert name]
Novice Sister [insert name]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Latter Day Saints honorifics and titles
Role Description
Apostle "Elder [surname]"
President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (or Acting President) "President [surname]"
Bishop "Bishop [surname]" (the title is often retained as a courtesy after the individual is released from the calling)
Counselors in a Bishopric "Brother [surname]"
Presiding Bishop and counselors in the Presiding Bishopric "Bishop [surname]" (the title is often retained as a courtesy after the individual is released from the calling)
Branch president "President [surname]"
Counselors in a branch presidency "Brother [surname]"
Deacon "Brother [surname]"
District President and counselors in a district presidency "President [surname]"
Elder "Brother [surname]" (except for full-time missionaries, in which case it is "Elder [surname]")
High priest "Brother [surname]" (except for full-time missionaries, in which case it is "Elder [surname]")
Full-time missionaries (female) "Sister [surname]"
Full-time missionaries (male) "Elder [surname]"
Mission president "President [surname]"
Counselors in a mission presidency "President [surname]"
Mission president's wife "Sister [surname]"
Patriarch "Brother [surname]" or "Patriarch [surname]"
Presiding Patriarch "Elder [surname]" or "Patriarch [surname]"
Priest "Brother [surname]"
President of the Church and counselors in the First Presidency "President [surname]"
Presidents of the Seventy "Elder [surname]"
Seventy "Elder [surname]"
Local and general Relief Society, Young Women, Young Men, Sunday School, and Primary presidents "President [surname]"
Stake President and counselors in a stake presidency "President [surname]"
Teacher "Brother [surname]"
Temple president "President [surname]"
Counselors in a temple presidency "President [surname]"
Matron (temple president's wife) "Sister [surname]"
Assistant to the Matron (wife of a temple presidency counselor) "Sister [surname]"
President (LDS Church honorific) "President [surname]" is used for most positions that use the word "President" in the title (including all quorum presidents), with the following exceptions:
  • "Elder [surname]" is used for members of the Presidency of the Seventy
  • People in positions that use the word "Presiding" in the formal name are never called "President [surname]"

Protestantism

Protestant Christian honorifics and titles
Role Description
Preacher Some churches in the United States
Pastor
Reverend
Elder Some Presbyterian denominations distinguish between Teaching Elder (aka Minister of Word and Sacrament or Pastor) and Ruling Elder. Teaching Elders are ordained by the Presbytery and fill the role of pastor. Ruling Elders are ordained by the local church and serve on a board that leads the church.
Deacon
Priestess A sect called Church of Christian Spiritualism & Lifestyle *Exclusive to Women (transinclusive)
Bishop See also Bishop (Catholic Church)
Archbishop
Resident Bishop This title is exclusive to the United Methodist Church.
Doctor Most common in non-mainline churches (Doctor of Metaphysics (D.o.M. or Latin Dr. mph.) and Doctor of Divinity (D.o.D., alternative: D.D.). High ranking teachers in certain evangelical institutions bear the title "Scolasticus Theologicae" or “Professor” (ecclesiastical) (Pundit/Clerical professor of Theology). These are clerical titles, not academic.

Catholicism

Catholicism titles
Role Description
Pope Successor of Saint Peter, one of the 12 Apostles of Jesus. Bishop of Rome and ultimate head of the Roman Catholic Church.
Presbyter In the Latin Rite, this is a rarely-used synonym for priest.
Chaplain A cleric (usually a bishop or priest) who has been entrusted with the spiritual care of some specific organization.
Chancellor
Bishop Most bishops are the head of a diocese with geographical boundaries, having authority over all of the priests and parishes within that diocese.
Abbot The monk in charge of a monastery.
Patriarch The head of an autocephalous, sui iuris, or autonomous church. Not frequently used in the Latin Rite.
Primate A primate is a bishop to whom the title has been officially granted, usually the bishop of the oldest church of a nation. In the past the title carried jurisdiction over metropolitan bishops, but today usually it is purely honorific.
Major archbishop Major archbishops are the heads of some of the Eastern Catholic Churches. Their authority within their sui juris church is equal to that of a patriarch, but they receive fewer ceremonial honors.
Metropolitan bishop A metropolitan bishop is an archbishop in charge of an ecclesiastical province, or group of dioceses, and in addition to having immediate jurisdiction over his own archdiocese, also exercises some oversight over the other dioceses within that province. Sometimes a metropolitan may also be the head of an autocephalous, sui iuris, or autonomous church when the number of adherents of that tradition are small. In the Latin Rite, metropolitans are always archbishops; in many Eastern churches, the title is "metropolitan," with some of these churches using "archbishop" as a separate office.
Archbishop An archbishop is the bishop of an archdiocese. This is usually a prestigious diocese with an important place in local church history. In the Roman Catholic Church, the title is purely honorific and carries no extra jurisdiction, though most archbishops are also metropolitan bishops, as above.
Suffragan bishop A suffragan bishop is a bishop subordinate to a Metropolitan. He has direct authority within his own diocese but is subject to some oversight by a Metropolitan.
Titular bishop A titular bishop is a bishop appointed to an episcopal see that is not governed by a residential (a titular see). He may serve as an auxiliary bishop of a diocese or as an official of the Roman Curia.
Auxiliary bishop An auxiliary bishop is a titular bishop who is an assistant to a diocesan bishop. He is to be appointed as a vicar general or at least as an episcopal vicar of the diocese in which he serves.[1]
Coadjutor bishop A coadjutor bishop is an assistant bishop who has the automatic right to succeed the incumbent diocesan bishop. The appointment of coadjutors is often seen as a means of providing for continuity of church leadership.
Chorbishop A chorbishop is an official of a diocese in some Eastern Christian churches. Chorbishops are not generally ordained bishops – they are not given the sacrament of Holy Orders in that degree – but function as assistants to the diocesan bishop with certain honorary privileges.
Priest The priest is the one who runs the services and is in charge of the church.
Cardinal Referred to as His Eminence; Your Eminence
Cardinal who is also an archbishop His Eminence; Your Eminence
Abbot Referred to as The Right Reverend; Father Abbot, others depending on personal and abbey custom.
Abbess, Prioress, superior of a religious order of women or a province Referred to as Reverend Mother or Mother Abbess
Protonotary Apostolic, Honorary Prelate, Chaplain of His Holiness Referred to as The Reverend Monsignor. Postnominals are rarely used for Honorary Prelates or Chaplains of His Holiness.
Vicar General Referred to as The Very Reverend or Father
Judicial Vicar, Ecclesiastical Judge, Episcopal Vicar, Vicar Forane, Dean, Provincial Superior, Rector Referred to as The Very Reverend or Father.
Monsignor Referred to as Monsignor or The Reverend Monsignor. Generally no longer bestowed.
Canon Referred to as The Very Reverend Canon[2]
Prior Referred to as The Very Reverend or Father.
Pastor of a Catholic parish The priest in charge of a parish. Referred to as The Reverend or Father.
Parochial Vicar A priest assigned to assist at a parish, under the authority of the pastor.
Permanent Deacon Referred to as or Reverend Mr. or Deacon.
Lay Ecclesial Ministers Referred to by appropriate civil titles (Dr., Mr., Ms., etc.)
Religious Brothers, including monks Referred to as Brother.
Religious Sister, including nuns Referred to as Sister. they are also one of god, they give their clothes to ones who need it more than they do.
Transitional Deacon Referred to as Reverend Mister or Deacon.
Seminarian, deacon candidate, other theology students Referred to by appropriate civil titles (Dr., Mr., Ms., etc.)

Hinduism

Hinduism honorifics and titles
Role Description
Abhyasi "One who studies"
Acharya Head of Organization (can marry and have children)
Bhagat Devotee
Chakravartin the emperor of whole earth
Shankaracharya
Devadasi a woman devotee who is living for god
Dvija
Firekeeper
Godman The Godman is a Hindu ascetic
Goswami
Guru Originally referring in Sanskrit to Brihaspati, a Hindu divine figure, today the term is commonly used in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism, as well as in many new religious movements.
Gymnosophists
Jagad guru world guru or world teacher
Mahamandaleshwar
Mahant Head of an Organization (could be an Acharya or Sadhu)
Maharshi great sage Or great rishi
Mantrik a priest who knows black magic
Melshanthi
Pandit Brahmin scholar or teacher or any person who is scholar in anything
Paramahamsa Refers to the 500 Paramhamsa (Sadhus) initiated by Purna Purushottam Nārāyan (Bhagwan Swaminarayan)
Paramguru the ultimate teacher or ultimate guru
Pujari a priest who does worship to god or goddess
Rajarshi the king of all sage, or a king who lives like a sage
Rishi or "Sadhu"
Rishi Muni same as "Rishi"
Sadhaka higher level of disciple, student who is of highest level in knowledge or on path of enlightenment
Sadhu Religious ascetic or holy person. Dressed in saffron clothes. Sadhus live a life free from greed, ego, lust, anger, and other panchvishays (pleasure senses). Placed at the top of the caste pyramid. Also known as Monks, Yogi, Saints, Sant, Santos, or Sadhus.
Saint Also known as Sadhu, Sant, Santos.
Sannyasa Leaving one's life and joining Sainthood. Becoming a Sadhu.
Sant Also known as Sadhu, Saint, Santos.
Satguru "True Guru"
Shaunaka
Shishya disciple, student of guru
Swami An ascetic or yogi who has been initiated into the religious monastic order founded by Adi Sankara,[3] or to a religious teacher.[4] When used as a prefix with a monastic name, "Swami" usually refers to men who have taken the oath of renunciation and abandoned their social status. The monastic name is usually a single word without a first and last name.
Yogi "One who meditates" Also a word for Sadhu, Saint, Sant, Monk.

Islam

Islamic honorifics and titles
Role Description
ʿAlayhiṣ ṣalāt wa as salām Means "Upon him prayer and peace"; used for all earlier Prophets and Angels.
ʿAlayhi wa ʿalā ālihi aṣ ṣalāt wa as salām Means "Upon him and his family be prayer and peace"
Salawāt Allah ʿalayhi wa ālihi Means "The exaltations of God shall be upon him and his family"
Salawat Allah wa Salamuhu 'Alayhi wa Alihi Means "The exaltations and peace of God be upon him and his family"
Salla 'llah 'Alayhi wa Alihi wa Sahbihi wa sallam Means, "May God exalt and bring peace upon him, his family, and his companions"
Salla 'llah 'alayhi wa Alihi wa sallam Means, "May God exalt and bring peace upon him and his progeny"
Radiya Allaho 'anho Means "May God be pleased with him"; Used for companions of prophet as well as scholars
Akhoond
Allamah A Sunni Islam term meaning the most respected of the Marjas; it is a Persian name for teacher that is also used by some to denote a teacher of extraordinary respect.
Amir al-Mu'minin Leader of the faithful (only used for four Rashidun Caliphate)
Ash Shakur
Ayatollah In Shi'a Islam, a high ranking title given to clerics.
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques was Used By Saladin, Sultan Of the Ottoman Empire and Recently used By the King of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Dervish One who never disappoint beggars
Emir
Habib
Hadrat Honorific title for all Muslims
Hajji One who performed the Hajj Pilgrimage
Imam In Shi'a Islam, the Imam is appointed by God, and Muhammed was informed that the number of Imams after him will be 12.
Karram-Allah-u Wajhahu Other Honorific title of Ali Ibn Abi Talib
Khwaja Teacher of All Saints at that time
Khoja A Turkestani word
Mahdi The 12th Imam will come either as a first time appearance or as a reappearance after a long occultation. The Mahdi is the greatest teacher, the Messiah of the Islamic World, and the Maitreya of Buddhism.
Makhdoom
Marabout A spiritual teacher of Islam as it is taught in the West Africa and Maghreb, The word comes from the Berber concept of Saint. The "marabout" is known as "Sayyed" (سيد) to the Arabic speaking Maghribians.
Marja In Shi'a Islam, The name means source to follow.
Mawlawi A Persian word for teacher meaning Master.
Mawlānā Learned one of Qur'an And Hadhith
Moinuddin Helper of Religion (used only for Gharib Nawaz, Most famous Sufi of India
Mu'min Highest Rank For followers of Qur'Aan and Hadhith
Mufti A guide on the Path to the Source of living Water (the divine sharia law) is called Mufti.
Muhaddith Someone who has profound knowledge of the Haddith, and teaches by Narration, or storytelling.
Mullah The title of the teachers at the Madrasahs, Islamic schools. Mullah is a teacher in regard of being respected as a vicar and guardian of Qur'an and the Islamic traditions.
Mujaddid Someone sent by God to aid the Umma and revive Islam at the beginning of every century .
Murshid Spiritual Teacher
Otin
Peace be upon him Used for Friends of Allah
Pir Spiritual Leader [Male]
Pirani Spiritual Leader [Female]
Qalandar Mystic
Radhiallahu 'anhu Used for Friends of Allah with Highest Rank
Rahimahullah Used for Friends of Allah
Rais Chief, Leader (Arabic)
Sayyid Descendant of Prophet Muhammad's Daughter Named Fatima Al Zahra
Sharif To Give Respect
Sheikh An Arabic honorific term that literally means Elder. It is a long historic debate in many cultures whether the elder in itself denotes the role and status of a teacher.
Sheikh ul-Islam
Subhanahu wa ta'ala
Sultan King
Sultana King [Female] Used only for Razia Sultan of Delhi Sultanat
Thangal
Ulema/Ulama Ulema or Ulama are usually referred to as the docters of the Sacred Islamic Religion and Law.[5]
Ustaz Teacher (in Arabic)

Judaism

Jewish honorifics and titles
Role Description
Rabbi Literally means ‘great one’. The word Rabbi is derived from the Hebrew root word רַב, rav, which in biblical Hebrew means ‘great’ or ‘distinguished (in knowledge)’.
Av Beit Din
Chief Rabbi
Choizer
Fellow Student
Gadol
Gaon
Hakham
Hakham Bashi
Illui
Kohen Gadol
Lamdan
Maggid
Maran
Mashgiach ruchani
Mashpia
Meiniach
Nagid
Posek
Rav
Rebbe
Rishon LeZion
Rosh yeshiva
Savoraim
Segan
Talmid Chacham
Tzadik
Archipheracite
Badchen
Cantor This title has a different meaning in Reform Judaism.
Gabbai
Kohen
Mashgiach
Mashgiach ruchani
Mashpia
Melamed
Meshulach
Mohel
Cantorate This position had a different meaning to the Reform Jewish in the 19th Century.
Rosh yeshiva
Sandek
Schulklopfer
Shaliah
Shechita
Sofer
The status quo Kohen
Tzadikim Nistarim
Rebbitzen
Rabbah
Maharat
Rabbanit
Yeshiva
Admo"r "Admor" is an acronym for "Adonainu, Morainu, VeRabbeinu," a phrase meaning "Our Master, Our Teacher, and Our Rebbe." This is an honorific title given to scholarly leaders of a Jewish community. In writing, this title is placed before the name, as in "Admor of Pinsk" or "R' (stands for Rabbi, Rav, or Reb) Ploni Almoni, Admor of Redomsk."
Shlit"a 'Shlit"a' is an acronym for "Sheyikhye Lirot Yamim Tovim Arukim/Amen," "May he live a good long life" or "May he live a good life, Amen," given to a revered rabbi or to someone's child's Rebbe (teacher). This title is usually placed before the name.
K'vod K'dushat "K'vod K'dushat," meaning "The honor of [his] holiness". This title is usually placed before the name. It is found as early as in the 1531 edition of the Arukh.[6]
Shy' "Shy'" is an acronym for "Sheyikhye," meaning "May he live". This title is usually placed after the name.

Neopaganism

Pagan honorifics and titles
Role Description
Volkhvy Heathen priests among the pre-Christian Rus' people.
Zhrets Sacrificial and divinatory priests within the Slavic Religion
Gothi/Gythia A title sometimes used by adherents of Heathenism, referring to a priest or ceremonial leader.
Witch A title used by someone who practices Witchcraft. Many Wiccans are Witches because of the inclusion of witchcraft in many Wiccan traditions. Most Witches are not Wiccans and practice Traditional Craft or folk magic.
Priest/Priestess A title that may be used within various forms of Paganism. In Wicca, it denotes a male or female who has been initiated into the priesthood in the 1st or 2nd degree depending on the tradition.
High Priest/High Priestess A Wiccan role. One becomes a High Priest/ess once they attain the second or third degree, depending upon which tradition of Wicca they belong to.
Bard 1st degree (after candidacy/initiation) title used by the Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids that is primarily centered on song, spoken word, memory, tradition, and poetry.[7]
Ovate 2nd degree used by the Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids. It is the centered on healing, divination, and herbalism.[8]
Druid A masculine term for someone who practices druidry, the indigenous spirituality of the Celts. People who belong to a grove or are members of a druid order will use this term generically regardless of gender to indicate they practice the overall faith instead of a holding the rank of a specific degree title. In the Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids, druid is the gender neutral 3rd degree, the priest title, centered on teaching, philosophy, mysticism, and other leadership roles.[9]
Druidess The female form of the word druid. A woman who practices the druid spirituality. Mainly found in Irish mythology.
Archdruid A title that is held by the chief or head of a druid order. Sometimes independent groves (druid form of circle/coven) may have an archdruid, but generally this is reserved for the head of an entire organization such as the Reformed Druids of North America (RDNA),[10] The Ancient Order of Druids in America (AODA),[11] Ár nDraíocht Féin: A Druid Fellowship (our own druidism in Irish),[12] and the Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids in England.[13]
Solitary practitioner A person who practices Neopaganism alone and does not belong to a group, circle, grove or organization. Sometimes they may belong to a group or organization, but may live too far from other members to attend and chose to do a solitary practice. This is often the case with druid orders that are national and international organizations and have members spread out across the globe. Members of groups and organizations who attend functions will often have a solitary practice but this is not a "solitary practitioner".
Santero/Santera A person who is the priest or priestess clergy in Santeria.
Houngan/Mambo A person who is the priest or priestess in Haitian Voodoo.

Raëlism

Raëlism honorifics and titles
Role Description
'Guide of Guides' The main head of Raëlian faith and self-described as 'Planetary Guide'
Bishop (Raëlism) Head of continental, national and regional chapters and self-subscribed as 'Continental head, National and Regional guides'
Priest (Raëlism) Head of National and regional chapters and self-subscribed as 'National and Regional guides'
Assistant Priest Head of Regional chapter and self-subscribed as 'Regional guide'
Organizer Leader of the organized Raëlian group.
Assistant Organizer Assistant to a leader of the Raëlian group.

Scientology

Scientology honorifics and titles
Role Description
Chairman (Scientology) The main head of Scientologist faith, Religious Technology Center, and Church of Spiritual Technology
Officer (Scientology) The head of Sea Org
President (Scientology) The head of most all Scientology-related organizations like the Church of Scientology International

Serer

Serer honorifics and titles
Role Description
Lamane "Master of the land". Ancient lamanic class of the Serer people. Guardians of Serer religion, laws and ethics. Extinct (see States headed by ancient Serer Lamanes).
Saltigue "Ministers of the religious cult". The Serer priestly class.

Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrianism honorifics and titles
Role Description
Mobad, Mobedyar
Herbad
Dastur

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Canon 406". Code of Canon Law. The Holy See. 1983. Retrieved 2009-06-15.
  2. ↑ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ecclesiastical Addresses". Newadvent.org. Retrieved 2015-12-24.
  3. ↑ Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Religion, page 958.
  4. ↑ Ebenezer Cobham Brewer (2009). Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Chambers Harrap Publishers. ISBN 978-0-550-10411-3.
  5. ↑ "Ulema Definition & Meaning". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2022-05-09.
  6. ↑ https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=42537&st=&pgnum=2 (Hebrew)
  7. ↑ "What is a Bard?". The Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  8. ↑ "What is an Ovate?". The Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  9. ↑ "What is a Druid?". The Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  10. ↑ "Reformed Druids of North America". Reformed Druids of North America. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  11. ↑ "AODA". Ancient Order of Druids in America. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  12. ↑ "Ár nDraíocht Féin: A Druid Fellowship". Ár nDraíocht Féin: A Druid Fellowship. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  13. ↑ "OBOD". The Order of Bards, Ovates, and Druids. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
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