The Stability Pact for Southeastern Europe was an institution aimed at strengthening peace, democracy, human rights and economy in the countries of South Eastern Europe from 1999 to 2008. It was replaced by the Regional Cooperation Council (RCC) in February 2008. The RCC replaced it because it is more "regionally owned" than the Stability Pact, which was driven more by outside partners such as the EU.

Membership

Stability Pact member states
  members
  observers
  supporting partners

Creation

The pact was created at the initiative of the European Union on June 10, 1999, in Cologne. All of the countries of the region, except for Serbia and Montenegro (then FR Yugoslavia) and Moldova, were present at the founding conference. Representatives of Bulgaria, Romania, Russia, Turkey, United States, all members of the EU at the time, OSCE, Council of Europe and European Commission were also considered active participants.

Representatives of Canada, Japan, United Nations, UNHCR, NATO, OECD, Western European Union, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, European Investment Bank and European Bank for Reconstruction and Development were present as facilitators.

The pact was created following the escalation of Kosovo War; stability of Kosovo was among the primary objectives.

In 2006 it was announced that the Stability Pact should be succeeded in early 2008 by a more regionally owned co-operation framework, the Regional Cooperation Council (RCC) formed by the countries of the region themselves, but with continued support and advice from the international community. The South-East European Cooperation Process should be playing an important role in this process.

The last meeting of the SPSEE took place on 28 February 2008, in Sofia, Bulgaria when it was succeeded by the Regional Cooperation Council.[1]

Organization

The Special Coordinator was a head of the Stability Pact. The first Special Coordinator was Bodo Hombach. Since 2002, the position was held by Erhard Busek.

The pact was divided among three Working Tables, with the fourth, Regional Working Table, coordinating actions between them.

Working Table 1 Working Table 2 Working Table 3
Chair Goran Svilanović Fabrizio Saccomanni Janez Premoze
Director Marijana Grandits Mary O'Mahony Pieter Verbeek
Main issues Democratization and human rights
  • Rights of minorities
  • Freedom of media
  • Civil society
  • Rule of law and law enforcement
  • Institutions, administration and governance
  • Refugees
 Economic reconstruction, development and cooperation
  • Promotion of free trade areas
  • International transport
  • Energy supply and savings
  • Deregulation and transparency
  • Infrastructure
  • Promotion of private sector business
  • Environmental issues
  • Reintegration of refugees
 Security issues
  • Justice, home affairs and migration
  • Organized crime, corruption and terrorism
  • Transboundary environmental hazards
  • Cooperation on defence and military issues

Each of the Working Tables was responsible for a set of issues, working with participant countries' governments and NGOs on resolving them.

Achievements

Regional Table

Working Table 1

Consists of five task forces: Media, Education and Youth, Local Democracy and Cross Border Cooperation, Parliamentary Cooperation and Gender Issues.

Apart from its Director WT I relies on the work of two experts Srđan Cvijić and Talia Boati.

Working Table 2

Working Table 3

Working Table III deals with questions of both internal and external security. The aim is to establish a stable security environment in the region and to promote regional co-operation in fighting organised crime and corruption and on migration issues. It is divided into two sub-tables. The first one deals with Justice and Home Affairs and the second one with Defence and Security Sector Reform issues.

FTA progress (until February 2008)

Matrix of the Free Trade Agreements in the region.
  European Union associated Other Stability pact partners
(to be merged into CEFTA)		 Other European Neighbourhood Policy partners
EU EFTA Turkey CU Croatia Republic of North Macedonia Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbia and Montenegro Kosovo Moldova Ukraine Georgia Armenia Azerbaijan
EU FTA 1973 CU 1996 SAA 2005 SAA 2004 SAA SAA SAA STM
EFTA FTA 1973 FTA 1992 FTA 2002 FTA 2001  ?
Turkey CU CU 1996 FTA 1992 FTA 2003 FTA 2000 FTA 2003  ?  ?
Croatia SAA 2005 FTA 2002 FTA 2003 SEE-FTA 2002
CEFTA 2006		 SEE-FTA 2003 SEE-FTA 2005 SEE-FTA 2004 SEE-FTA 2006 SEE-FTA 2004
Republic of North Macedonia SAA 2004 FTA 2001 FTA 2000 SEE-FTA 2002
CEFTA 2006		 SEE-FTA 2002 SEE-FTA 2002 SEE-FTA 2006 SEE-FTA 2006 SEE-FTA 2005
Albania SAA SEE-FTA 2003 SEE-FTA 2002 SEE-FTA 2004 SEE-FTA 2004 SEE-FTA 2003 SEE-FTA 2004    
Bosnia and Herzegovina SAA FTA 2003 SEE-FTA 2005 SEE-FTA 2002 SEE-FTA 2004 SEE-FTA 2002 SEE-FTA 2006 SEE-FTA 2004
Serbia and Montenegro SAA  ? SEE-FTA 2004 SEE-FTA 2006 SEE-FTA 2004 SEE-FTA 2002 SEE-FTA 2004
Kosovo STM  ?  ? SEE-FTA 2006 SEE-FTA 2006 SEE-FTA 2003 SEE-FTA 2006  ?
Moldova SEE-FTA 2004 SEE-FTA 2005 SEE-FTA 2004 SEE-FTA 2004 SEE-FTA 2004  ? FTA 1995
Ukraine     FTA 1996 FTA 1996
Georgia FTA 1996 FTA 1998 FTA 1996
Armenia FTA 1995 FTA 1996 FTA 1998
Azerbaijan FTA 1996
  instrument and year of entry into force
  instrument and year of provisional entry into force
  in negotiations
  strained diplomatic relations over Kosovo (SiM–UNMIK), Nagorno-Karabakh (Armenia–Azerbaijan, Armenia–Turkey) and the Armenian genocide (Armenia–Turkey)

See also

References

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