Stretham
Stretham Windmill
Stretham is located in Cambridgeshire
Stretham
Stretham
Location within Cambridgeshire
Area6.27 sq mi (16.2 km2) [1]
Population1,831 [2]
• Density292/sq mi (113/km2)
OS grid referenceTL513747
• London64 mi (103 km) S
Civil parish
  • Stretham
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townELY
Postcode districtCB6
Dialling code01353
PoliceCambridgeshire
FireCambridgeshire
AmbulanceEast of England
UK Parliament
Websitewww.strethampc.org.uk

Stretham /ˈstrɛtəm/[note 1] is a village and civil parish 4 miles (6 km) south-south-west of Ely in Cambridgeshire, England, about 74 miles (119 km) by road from London. Its main attraction is Stretham Old Engine, a steam-powered pump used to drain the fens. The pump is still in use today although converted to electric power. It has open days throughout the year.

History

The torque from the hoard in the Hunt Museum

A Bronze Age hoard consisting of gold jewellery including a torque, bracelet, six ribbed-rings as well as a bronze rapier was discovered in Granta Fen near Stretham in 1850. Dating to between 1300 and 1000 BC, the torque is in the Hunt Museum in Limerick while the remainder of the treasure is in the British Museum.[3]

Early 15th century.[4] This sketch by Sylvanus Urban (Pseud.) from The Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle[5] 1832

Stretham means homestead[6] or village[7] on the road (possibly Roman); Latin strata for paved road or old English ystrad for road plus old English ham for village.[8] The route of the Roman road from Cambridge is uncertain beyond Waterbeach.[9]

Brythnoth (the first Abbot of the Benedictine monastery at Ely Abbey) and Æthelwold (Bishop of Winchester) purchased the Stretham estate, among others including Haddenham, Wilburton and Witchford, after the restoration of the monastery in 970 with the encouragement of King Edgar.[10][11] The Domesday Book records the village as "Stradham: Abbot of Ely. Fisheries."[12]

Several fires have occurred in the village. In 1696 damage assessed at £2,170 was caused and a general collection was made. A more serious fire broke out on May Day 1844 in a hovel next to the blacksmith's shop. The whole of 'Bell Street' was destroyed and £20,000 worth of damage was caused. There was no engine in the village. About two o'clock the Haddenham engine arrived, and good use made of it, under the most active and energetic directions of the Rev. S. Banks, incumbent of Haddenham may be attributed the saving of a great part of the village. A fire of a similar character occurred in Stretham seventy-three years earlier, going over very nearly the same ground. This occurred early on a Sunday morning in May 1771, and in a short time consumed four houses, a malting and a barn, causing considerable losses for the owners.[13][14] In the autumn of 1850 four fires, the work of incendiaries, occurred at Stretham in as many weeks, "by which property to a large amount was sacrificed." A detective from London made investigations, but the culprit was not discovered.[15] In the September 1850 fire it was reported that the Red Lion Inn had been totally consumed.[16]

The Stretham steam pumping engine, built in 1831 by Butterley Company, was one of the largest beam engines in the Fens; at 15 rpm it generated 105 horsepower lifting 30 tons of water per revolution, or 450 tons per minute.[17]

The village was the site of an observation post of the Royal Observer Corps, in use during the Cold War from 1962 to 1968. The post is situated near the windmill, which also served as an aircraft post from 1936.[18]

The river floods that began in mid-March 1947 affected over 1,000 square miles (2,600 km2) of England, impacting thirty counties. It was the worst UK flooding event for over 200 years.[19] The winter of 1946–1947 had been very severe, with mean average temperatures 4 °C (7 °F) below normal, for that time of year.[20] Snow had been falling continuously since 23 January, with drifts up to 23 feet (7.0 m) deep in places. As the thaw began in mid-March, the warmer weather brought heavy rains. The rain running off the frozen ground, combined with the thaw, overwhelmed multiple rivers in England and eastern Wales, which flooded. The pumping station at Chear Fen, near Stretham, ran only for a short time during the floods, when one of the boilers broke down completely and the other boiler could not raise pressure. In 1950, a new pumping station was opened.[21]

On 21 May 1954 a Swift, a jet flying out of RAF Waterbeach crashed onto the Chittering Farm Estate in Stretham Fen. Flying Officer Neil Hamilton Thornton, the pilot, was killed.[22] The skeletal remains of a 130-million-year-old Upper Jurassic Pliosaur were discovered in a 5 feet (1.5 m) deep Kimmeridge Clay pit in the village in 1952 by workers of the Great Ouse River Board.[23] These carnivores could reach up to 65 feet (20 m) in length and pliosaur teeth are a common fossil; full skeletons are however rare.[24] This particular 23 feet (7 m) example was named Stretosaurus macromerus in honour of the village where it was found.[25][26]

Stretham Feast Sunday

A Stretham Feast Sunday was celebrated in the village and continued into the second half of the 20th century. It provided an opportunity for family reunions. The event included a parade by local bands, local friendly societies, Mother's Union, Women's Institute, British Legion and decorated lorries.[27][28]

Governance

Stretham Old Engine, alongside the River Great Ouse

Stretham has a parish council. Parish council meetings are held in the village hall situated in the parish.[29] Parish council services include bus shelters, cemeteries, shared equity housing, local planning consultation, play areas, village halls, and war memorials.

The area formed part of Ely Rural District from 1894 until 1974.[30] East Cambridgeshire District Council (ECDC) was formed in 1974 with administration buildings in Ely. The district council collects council tax, provides services such as building regulations and local planning, leisure and tourism, handles issues strategic to the district, and many other services. The village (as at 2022) is in the ECDC Stretham Ward. Cambridgeshire County Council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, libraries and heritage, and strategic planning.[29]

A mobile library (as at 2022) visits 3 locations in the village every 1st Wednesday monthly.

The parish (as of 2022) is part of the South East Cambridgeshire parliamentary constituency.

Geography

Geology

The village is on an east–west running boulder clay (middle-Pleistocene till) ridge sitting on a belt of mainly Jurassic Kimmerigian clays running south-west from The Wash. To the east is a north–south running belt of geologically more recent Upper-Cretaceous Lower Greensand capped by Lower-Cretaceous Gault Clay; the whole area is surrounded by even more recent fen deposits. A rich layer of phosphate fossils, known locally as coprolite and mined for its fertiliser value, is to be found at the junction of Lower Greensand and Gault Clay. Further east is a north-east—south-west running belt of Cretaceous chalk. To the west, again running north-east—south-west, is a scarp belt of middle-Jurassic sedimentary rocks including limestone and sandstone.[31][32]

The flat fenland countryside around the village, typical for this part of the region, lies about 16 feet (5 m) above sea-level. The highest point in the village is 53 feet (16 m) above sea-level and the highest point in the area is 85 feet (26 m) at Ely, three-mile (6 km) north-north-east.[33] In contrast, the highest point in Cambridgeshire, 479 feet (146 m) above sea-level, is at Great Chishill, 23 miles (37 km) almost due south. Holme at nine feet (2.75 m) below sea-level is East Cambridgeshire's (and the United Kingdom's) lowest point, and is 23 miles (37 km) north-west.[34]

Boundaries

The eastern border is formed by the River Cam. The River Great Ouse forms the south-west border then, at the Stretham Ferry Bridge, cuts through the south-eastern corner joining the River Cam at the north-east corner of the village. The A10 road crosses the River Great Ouse at close to the Stretham Ferry Bridge at the southern border of the village then, running firstly due north, cuts the village in half running north-east on towards Little Thetford then Ely. Newmarket road, in this area the west–east running A1123 from Huntingdon, joins the village coming from the west out of Wilburton through the village crossing the River Great Ouse at Gravel Farm then on towards Wicken.

Climate

The average annual rainfall of 24 inches (600 mm) makes Cambridgeshire one of the driest counties in the British Isles. Protected from the cool onshore coastal breezes east of the region, Cambridgeshire is warm in summer and cold and frosty in winter.[35] Regional weather forecasting and historical summaries are available from the UK Met Office.[36] The nearest Met Office weather station is Cambridge.[37]

Climate data for Cambridge (1971–2000 averages)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.0
(44.6)		 7.4
(45.3)		 10.2
(50.4)		 12.6
(54.7)		 16.5
(61.7)		 19.4
(66.9)		 22.2
(72.0)		 22.3
(72.1)		 18.9
(66.0)		 14.6
(58.3)		 9.9
(49.8)		 7.8
(46.0)		 14.1
(57.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.3
(34.3)		 1.1
(34.0)		 2.9
(37.2)		 4.0
(39.2)		 6.7
(44.1)		 9.8
(49.6)		 12.0
(53.6)		 11.9
(53.4)		 10.1
(50.2)		 7.1
(44.8)		 3.7
(38.7)		 2.3
(36.1)		 6.1
(43.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 45.0
(1.77)		 32.7
(1.29)		 41.5
(1.63)		 43.1
(1.70)		 44.5
(1.75)		 53.8
(2.12)		 38.2
(1.50)		 48.8
(1.92)		 51.0
(2.01)		 53.8
(2.12)		 51.1
(2.01)		 50.0
(1.97)		 553.5
(21.79)
Source: Met Office

Demography

Stretham is in output area classification zones (CGM) one through five; mainly classified as type three-C, accessible countryside, though about one third of the area is classed as three-A, village life.[38] In both these classifications, most residents work from home employed in agriculture of fishing. The areas in this classification are less densely populated than other areas of the country. The usually detached households generally have two or more cars. Varied ethnic backgrounds are less likely in such areas.[39]

Historical population of Stretham
Year 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1861 1871 1881 1891 1901
Population 636 697 875 916 1107 1231 1156 1145 1076 1055 1000
Year 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Population 961 897 993 [note 2] 970 1009 990 1197 1439 1685 1831
Census: 1801 – 2001[1] 2011[2]

Architecture

In 1763 an agreement was reached to build a bridge across the River Great Ouse for the Ely-Cambridge turnpike at Stretham Ferry.[40] The original bridge was replaced in 1925, and the road was realigned in 1976 so this bridge is no longer used by traffic between Ely and Cambridge.

Notable buildings

To the east of the 12th century site of St James' Church[41] stands an early 15th century cross[42] "...the most perfect surviving example in the country.";[43] it was restored in 1910.[44] Parts of St James's Church are 14th century though it was heavily restored in the 19th century. A church clock was fitted in 1877. It chimes on two bells after the ordinary way, except when the hour is up, when it does not chime, but strikes on the large bell; the face is round, with two hands and an attractive appearance.[45] Monuments include a tomb lid with an inscription which refers to Nicholas de Kyngestone, rector late 13th century; a brass to Joan Swan, 1497; a black marble slab for Anne Brunsell, 1667, wife of a rector, and sister of Sir Christopher Wren.[46] The church is part of the Ely team ministry along with the nearby St George's Church, Little Thetford.[47]

The Stretham Windmill (now a private home) at the top of High Street where it meets the A10 is a Grade II Listed Building (listed in 1988). It dates from 1881 and consists of four storeys of tarred brick and a metal ogee cap and fantail.[48] The Royal Observer Corps were based adjacent to it from 1962 till 1968 and used the windmill itself as an aircraft observation post from 1936.[49][50] The windmill is a notable landmark on the A10 road.

The Red Lion public house is a former coaching inn[51] which had been operating since at least 1763.[40]

The village store includes a post office.[52]

Transport

The village was once served by a railway station on the Ely and St Ives Railway. The line between Ely station and Sutton was opened 16 April 1866 under Great Eastern Railway (GER) operation. On 10 May 1878 the line was completed when the Needingworth junction, on the St Ives to March line, was linked to the Ely–St Ives branch. Although passenger traffic was always poor; the line closed to passengers 22 February 1931, seasonal freight traffic of sugar-beet and fruit kept the line going until it finally closed 5 October 1964.[53] The new bridge for the A10 at Stretham Ferry was constructed in 1975 diverting the road over the River Great Ouse at Chear Lode.[54]

Education

Former school building

Stretham Community Primary School serves the community.

Notable people

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Locally, the /t/ is a glottal stop: ['str???m] or even ['str??m]
  2. ↑ No census 1941 due to World War II

References

  1. 1 2 "Historic Census Population Figures". Cambridgeshire County Council. 2010. Archived from the original (XLS) on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2010.
  2. 1 2 "Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics. Area: Stretham (Parish)". ONS. 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  3. ↑ British Museum Collection
  4. ↑ Historic England. "- Village cross (early 15th century) Grade II* (1126992)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
  5. ↑ Urban, Sylvanus (1832). The Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Review. p. 108. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
  6. ↑ OED (2010) Homestead: "The place (town, village, etc.) in which one's dwelling is"
  7. ↑ OED (2010) Village: "A collection of dwelling-houses and other buildings, forming a centre of habitation in a country district"
  8. ↑ Mills (1991) Stretham
  9. ↑ "The Roman roads of Britain – map". Archive of www.romans-in-britain.org.uk. Archived from the original on 11 January 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  10. ↑ Bentham, James (1771). The History and Antiquities of the Conventual and Cathedral Church of Ely, From the Foundation of the Monastery, A.D. 673. To the Year 1771. Cambridge University Press. p. 75.
  11. ↑ Pugh (ed)(1953) p. 152 col 2
  12. ↑ "Cambridgeshire, Stretham". The Domesday Book Online. 1999–2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  13. ↑ "Ely". Ipswich Journal. 25 May 1771. p. 3.
  14. ↑ "Awfully Destructive Fire at Stretham". Westmorland Gazette. 11 May 1844. p. 1.
  15. ↑ "Stretham and Thetford". British History Online. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  16. ↑ "Destructive Fire". Cambridge General Advertiser. 25 September 1850. p. 3.
  17. ↑ Ashby, Michael F; Jones, David R H (2005). Engineering Materials 1:Case Study 3: fatigue of a cracked component—the safety of the Stretham engine. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 264–265. ISBN 0-7506-6380-4.
  18. ↑ Osborne (2002) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Royal Observer Corps Post, Stretham
  19. ↑ "U.K. River Floods: 60-Year Retrospective" (PDF). Risk Management Solutions. 2007. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
  20. ↑ "Serious snowfall in the winter of 1947". Severe winters. Met Office. 2010. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
  21. ↑ Petty, Mike (April 2009). "Looking back stories:1950". Cambridgeshire & the fens. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
  22. ↑ "Aircraft Uncontrollable, Baling Out". Ely Standard. 21 May 1954.
  23. ↑ "Prehistoric Find at Stretham". The Ely Standard and Cambridgeshire Times. 13 June 1952.
  24. ↑ Wroot, Sarah (2000). Stretham Geology. Cambridgeshire Heritage Associates.
  25. ↑ Tarlo, L B (1959). "Stretosaurus Gen. Nov., A Giant Pliosaur from the Kimmeridge Clay". Palaeontology. 2 (1): 39–55.
  26. ↑ "Plesiosaurus remains discovered in clay pit". Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  27. ↑ "Stretham". Ely Standard. 20 May 1965.
  28. ↑ "Stretham". Ely Standard. 20 May 1955. p. 2.
  29. 1 2 Leaflet:Councillors, committees & meeting dates. East Cambridgeshire District Council. February 2010.
  30. ↑ A Vision of Britain Administrative unit:Ely RD:Local Government District
  31. ↑ Darby (1940) p. 3 fig. 1
  32. ↑ Geological Survey of Great Britain (Map) (Based on 1st series 1:50000 map part of sheet 143 – 1974 ed.). Ordnance Survey. 1981. § Cambridge, Sheet 188.
  33. ↑ Grid reference TL5123374792
  34. ↑ "UK's lowest spot is getting lower". England: BBC. 29 November 2002. p. 1. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  35. ↑ Greig (1998) p. 305
  36. ↑ "Forecast:East of England". UK Climate Forecasts. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  37. ↑ "Historical Data:Regional:Cambridge NIAB". UK Climate Summaries. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  38. ↑ "Geodmographic tool" (Map). Output Area Classification (OAC). Cambridgeshire County Council. 2008. Archived from the original (Flash) on 6 August 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
  39. ↑ "Supergroup 3: Countryside" (PDF). Cambridgeshire Atlas: Output Area Classification (OAC): Notes. Cambridgeshire County Council. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
  40. 1 2 "Articles of agreement to construct the dams needed for building Stretham Ferry bridge". National Archives. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  41. ↑ Pigot (1875) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Saint James' Church, Stretham (12th century to Modern—1101–2050 AD)
  42. ↑ Rutler (1947) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Village Cross, Stretham (Medieval 1066–1539 AD)
  43. ↑ Pugh (ed)(1953) p. 152 col 1
  44. ↑ Kelly, Lindsay A (1929). Cambridgeshire:Stretham. Kelly's Directories. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  45. ↑ "Stretham". Lynn News & County Press. 24 February 1877. p. 6.
  46. ↑ Pevsner, Nikolaus (1970). The buildings of England: Cambridgeshire (2nd ed.). Penguin Books. p. 462. ISBN 0-14-071010-8.
  47. ↑ Shaw, Tony (n.d.), The Friends of St. George's Church, Leaflet
  48. ↑ "Windmill, Stretham". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  49. ↑ "Stretham". Online survey of ROC.
  50. ↑ "Cambridgeshire HER". Heritage Gateway. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  51. ↑ "The Red Lion". redlionstretham.com. Red Lion. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  52. ↑ "Village description". www.strethampc.org.uk. Stretham Parish Council. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  53. ↑ Oppitz (1989) pp. 58–59
  54. ↑ Petty, Mike (April 2009). "Looking back stories:Cambridgeshire News, Wednesday 27 July 1975". Cambridgeshire & the fens. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  55. ↑ Owen (2004) ODNB Hervey (subscription required)
  56. ↑ Shaw, William Arthur (1896). "Ridley, Lancelot" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 48. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  57. ↑ James Gairdner, James (1908). Lollardy and the Reformation in England: An Historical Survey: Book III The fall of the monasteries. p. 359. ISBN 9781103041756.
  58. ↑ Shaw (2004) ODNB Lancelot Ridley (subscription required)
  59. ↑ Wright (2004) ODNB John Parker (subscription required)
  60. ↑ Stone (2004) ODNB Mark Ridley (subscription required)
  61. ↑ Wolffe (2004) ODNB Ralph Brownrigg (subscription required)
  62. ↑ "A Cambridge Alumni Database". University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 16 March 2015.
  63. ↑ "Thomas Gray Archive : Resources : Glossary : Personal Names".
  64. ↑ Mack, pp. 211-2 and p. 657.
  65. ↑ Harris (2004) ODNB Henry Hervey Baber (subscription required)
  66. ↑ Hills (2004) ODNB Joseph Glynn (subscription required)
  67. ↑ Boase (2004) ODNB Philip Freeman (subscription required)
  68. ↑ Vetch (2004) ODNB Sir George Harry Smith Willis (subscription required)
  69. ↑ "South Witchford Hundred: Stretham and Thetford". British History Online.
  70. ↑ "Stretham – Extract from Imperial Gazetteer". Vision of Britain. 1870.

Bibliography

  • "Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record (CHER)". Heritage Gateway. 2006. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  • Mills, A.D. (1991). A dictionary of British place-names. Oxford University press. ISBN 0-19-852758-6.
  • Oppitz, Leslie (1989). East Anglia railways remembered. Countryside Books, Newbury, Berkshire. pp. 58–59. ISBN 1-85306-040-2.
  • Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004–2010.(subscription required)
  • Oxford English Dictionary (OED) (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2010.(subscription required)
  • T.D. Atkinson; Ethel M. Hampson; E.T. Long; C.A.F. Meekings; Edward Miller; H.B. Wells; G.M.G. Woodgate (1953). Pugh, R.B. (ed.). The Victoria History of the Counties of England: Cambridge and the isle of Ely. Vol. IV. Oxford University Press. pp. 151–159.
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