Susanna Zerbini (born 1948) is an Italian geophysicist, geodesist, and geodynamicist. She is known as a pioneer in developing and applying satellite geodesy for research in geodynamics and Earth system sciences.[1]

Education and career

Zerbini completed classical secondary school education (including Latin and Greek) and then decided to become a scientist.[2] In 1972 she graduated from the University of Bologna with a Ph.D. (Laurea) in physics. From 1973 to 1981 she was supported by fellowships from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italian National Council of Research) and Zonta International. From 1975 to 1976 and again from 1978 to 1979 she held appointments as a visiting scientist in geoastronomy at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. At the University of Bologna, she was from 1981 to 1987 a research associate, from 1987 to 2011 an associate professor of geodesy, and from 2011 to 2018 a full professor in the department of physics. In 2018 she retired as professor emerita. [3]

Zerbini played a key role in explaining anomalous orbital effects for PAGEOS (PAssive Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite) — a balloon satellite was launched by NASA in June 1966. PAGEOS was important in research on direct solar radiation and terrestrial albedo radiation. She identified the flux of micrometeoroids in the near-Earth environment as the cause of unexpected oblateness and precession of PAGEOS.[4] She developed models for precise computations of the orbits of LAGEOS-1 and LAGEOS-2. Her research was important for using the LAGEOS data for precisely determining Earth's crustal motion, especially for the Mediterranean region and the San Andreas Fault.[1][5][6] She was the leader for Italy's science participation in the LAGEOS-2 mission jointly sponsored by the USA (via NASA) and by Italy.[1]

Beginning in the 1990s, much of Zerbini's research has focused on studies of changes in sea levels. She was one of the main organizers of the European Union project SEa Level Fluctuations (SELF), consisting of two parts: SELF-1 and SELF-2, designed to study sea-level variations of the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. In the SELF project from 1993 to 1998, scientists from Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Bulgaria, and Russia used GPS techniques to measure sea-level variations to an accuracy of a few millimeters per year. The SELF scientists made use of tide gauges, satellite-oriented reference and intermediate stations, and water vapor radiometers (WVRs). The basic aim of SELF-1 and SELF-2 was the synchronization by GPS of a large, coordinated ensemble of tide gauges surrounding the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea – thus allowing, in data analysis, the separation of sea-level changes from tectonic movements.[1][7][8] In the first decade of the 21st century, she and her colleagues used GPS and large, coordinated ensembles of superconducting gravimeters to study changes in Earth's mascons for the purpose of better understanding of tectonic movements.[1]

In more recent years, she has done research on sea-level changes by rescuing and analyzing data from tide gauge data dating back to 1873. For better understanding of climate change, she and her colleagues compare tide gauge data with long-period time series of GPS heights and gravity data acquired at the radio observatory in Medicina.[2][9][10]

Zerbini has served on numerous scientific committees, panels, and advisory boards. She was from 2007 to 2008 a member of the Board of Administrators of the Italian Space Agency (ASI), from 2008 to 2010 a member of the Waldo E. Smith Medal Committee of the American Geophysical Union (AGU), and from 2009 to 2011 the chair of the Vening Meinesz Medal Committee of the European Geosciences Union (EGU). She was from 1992 to 1996 an associated editor for geodesy in the AGU's Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth. For Elsevier's Journal of Geodynamics, she was from 1996 to 2002 an associate editor and is since 2002 a member of the journal's editorial board.[3]

Zerbini was elected in 1999 a Fellow of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). In 2001 she was awarded the "Gold Badge" of the European Geophysical Society (EGS), which was merged in 2002 into the European Geosciences Union (EGU).[3] In 2009 she was awarded the EGU's Vening Meinesz Medal.[1]

Selected publications

Articles

Books

  • Baldi, Paolo; Zerbini, Susanna, eds. (1988). Proceedings on the Third International Conference on WEGENER/MEDLAS Project: Bologna, May 25, 26, 27, 1987. Vol. 3. University of Bologna. Bologna: Esculapio Editore. ISBN 8885040071. OL 17697461M.
  • Mueller, Ivan I.; Zerbini, Susanna, eds. (1989). The Interdisciplinary Role of Space Geodesy: Proceedings of an international workshop held at "Ettore Majorana" Center for Scientific Culture, International School of Geodesy, Director, Enzo Boschi, Erice, Sicily, Italy, July 23-29, 1988. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences. Vol. 22. Springer. ISBN 3-540-51161-X. LCCN 89011266. ebook edition
  • Smith, David E.; Raper, Sarah B.; Zerbini, Susanna; et al., eds. Sea level change and coastal processes. Implications for Europe. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. 2000. ISBN 9789282890233.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "2009 Vening Meinesz Medal is awarded to Susanna Zerbini". European Geosciences Union (EGU).
  2. 1 2 Steffen, Rebekka; Koç, Öykü; Kvas, Andreas (May 15, 2023). "Women in Geodesy: Susanna Zerbini". EGU Blogs, European Geosciences Union. (interview)
  3. 1 2 3 "Susanna Zerbini — University of Bologna — Curriculum vitae".
  4. ↑ Zerbini, Susanna (February 12, 1979). Direct solar and Earth-albedo radiation-pressure effects on the orbit of Pageos 1. Rsearch in Space Science, SAO Special Report No. 383. Smithsonian Astronomical Observatory; vii+45 pages{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  5. ↑ Zerbini, Susanna (1993). "Crustal motions from short-arc analysis of LAGEOS data". In Smith, David E.; Turcotte, Donald L. (eds.). Contributions of Space Geodesy to Geodynamics: Crustal Dynamics. Geodynamics Series. Vol. 23. pp. 371–387. doi:10.1029/GD023p0371. ISBN 0-87590-523-4.
  6. ↑ Zerbini, Susanna (1989). "Appendix 5 the LAGEOS II project". In Mueller, I. I.; Zerbini, S. (eds.). The Interdisciplinary Role of Space Geodesy. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences. Vol. 22. pp. 269–273. doi:10.1007/BFb0049656. ISBN 3-540-51161-X.
  7. ↑ Zerbini, Susanna; Plag, Hans-Peter; Baker, Trevor; Becker, Matthias; Billiris, Harris; Bürki, Beat; Kahle, Hans-Gert; Marson, Iginio; Pezzoli, Laura; Richter, Bernd; Romagnoli, Claudia; Sztobryn, Marzenna; Tomasi, Paolo; Tsimplis, Michael; Veis, George; Verrone, Grazia (1996). "Sea level in the Mediterranean: A first step towards separating crustal movements and absolute sea-level variations". Global and Planetary Change. 14 (1–2): 1–48. Bibcode:1996GPC....14....1Z. doi:10.1016/0921-8181(96)00003-3.
  8. ↑ Becker, M.; Zerbini, S.; Baker, T.; Bürki, B.; Galanis, J.; Garate, J.; Georgiev, I.; Kahle, H. -G.; Kotzev, V.; Lobazov, V.; Marson, I.; Negusini, M.; Richter, B.; Veis, G.; Yuzefovich, P. (2002). "Assessment of height variations by GPS at Mediterranean and Black Sea coast tide gauges from the SELF projects". Global and Planetary Change. 34 (1–2): 5–35. Bibcode:2002GPC....34....5B. doi:10.1016/S0921-8181(02)00103-0.
  9. ↑ Zerbini, Susanna; Raicich, Fabio; Prati, Claudio Maria; Bruni, Sara; Del Conte, Sara; Errico, Maddalena; Santi, Efisio (2017). "Sea-level change in the Northern Mediterranean Sea from long-period tide gauge time series". Earth-Science Reviews. 167: 72–87. Bibcode:2017ESRv..167...72Z. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.02.009.
  10. ↑ Bruni, Sara; Zerbini, Susanna; Raicich, Fabio; Errico, Maddalena (2019). "Rescue of the 1873–1922 high and low waters of the Porto Corsini/Marina di Ravenna (Northern Adriatic, Italy) tide gauge". Journal of Geodesy. 93 (8): 1227–1244. Bibcode:2019JGeod..93.1227B. doi:10.1007/s00190-019-01238-w. S2CID 126998879.
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