Suzanne W. Simard
Simard in 2018
Alma materOregon State University
AwardsSigurd Olson Nature Writing Award (2021)[1]
George Lawson Medal (2022)[2]
Scientific career
FieldsForest ecology, mycorrhizal networks
InstitutionsUniversity of British Columbia
ThesisInterspecific Carbon Transfer in Ectomycorrhizal Tree Species Mixtures (1995)
Doctoral advisorDavid A. Perry

Suzanne Simard (born 1960)[3] is a Canadian scientist who is a professor in the Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences at the University of British Columbia.[4] After growing up in the Monashee Mountains, British Columbia,[3][5][6] she received her PhD in Forest Sciences at Oregon State University.[4] Prior to teaching at the University of British Columbia, Simard worked as a research scientist at the British Columbia Ministry of Forests.[4]

Simard is best known for the research she conducted on the underground networks of forests characterized by fungi and roots.[4] She studies how these fungi and roots facilitate communication and interaction between trees and plants of an ecosystem.[4] Within the communication between trees and plants is the exchange of carbon, water, nutrients and defense signals between trees.[4] Simard is also a leader of TerreWEB, an initiative set to train graduate students and post-doctoral fellows in global change science and its communication.[7][4]

She used rare carbon isotopes as tracers in both field and greenhouse experiments to measure the flow and sharing of carbon between individual trees and species, and discovered, for instance, that birch and Douglas fir share carbon. Birch trees receive extra carbon from Douglas firs when the birch trees lose their leaves, and birch trees supply carbon to Douglas fir trees that are in the shade.

Mother trees

Simard identified something called a hub tree, or "mother tree". Mother trees are the largest trees in forests that act as central hubs for vast below-ground mycorrhizal networks. A mother tree supports seedlings by infecting them with fungi and supplying them with the nutrients they need to grow.[8]

She discovered that Douglas firs provide carbon to baby firs. She found that there was more carbon sent to baby firs that came from that specific mother tree, than random baby firs not related to that specific fir tree. It was also found that the mother trees change their root structure to make room for baby trees.[9]

Her book Finding the Mother Tree asserts that forest ecologies are interdependent with fungal mycelium. She asserts that trees (and other plants) exchange sugars through their respective root systems and through interconnected fungal mycelial structures to share (and at times trade) micronutrients.[10][11] This is significant in terms of the way existing woods and forests are managed and new plantations established.[12]

Interspecies cooperation

Simard found that "fir trees were using the fungal web to trade nutrients with paper-bark birch trees over the course of the season".[13] For example, tree species can loan one another sugars as deficits occur within seasonal changes. This is a particularly beneficial exchange between deciduous and coniferous trees as their energy deficits occur during different periods. The benefit "of this cooperative underground economy appears to be better over-all health, more total photosynthesis, and greater resilience in the face of disturbance".[13][14]

Science communication

Suzanne Simard is an advocate of science communication. At the University of British Columbia she initiated with colleagues Dr. Julia Dordel and Dr. Maja Krzic the Communication of Science Program TerreWEB,[15] which has been training graduate students to become better communicators of their research since 2011. Simard has appeared in videos intended for general audiences, including three TED talks,[16][17] the short documentary Do trees communicate?,[18] [19] and the longer documentary films Intelligent Trees[20] (where she appears alongside forester and author Peter Wohlleben) and Fantastic Fungi.[21] New Scientist magazine interviewed Simard in 2021.[6] Suzanne Simard has published a book where she reviews her discoveries about the life of trees and forests along with autobiographical notes.[12]

Simard discussed her work and her book Finding the Mother Tree on BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour in March 2022.[22]

Simard's life and work served as the primary inspiration for Patricia Westerford, a central character in Richard Powers' 2018 Pulitzer Prize winning novel The Overstory, in which Westerford pioneers the controversial idea that trees can communicate with each other, and is ridiculed by fellow scientists before eventually being vindicated.[23][24]

Simard's work was referenced in Season 2, Episode 11 of the Apple TV+ series Ted Lasso when Coach Beard says: "You know, we used to believe that trees competed with each other for light. Suzanne Simard's field work challenged that perception, and we now realize that the forest is a socialist community. Trees work in harmony to share the sunlight."

In 2022 Simard appeared as a panelist in Canada Reads, advocating for Clayton Thomas-Müller's book Life in the City of Dirty Water.[25]

Published work

Finding the Mother Tree: Uncovering the Wisdom and Intelligence of the Forest, Penguin, ISBN 978-0141990286, (2022)

See also

References

  1. ↑ "2021 Sigurd Olson Nature Writing Awards Announced". April 4, 2022.
  2. ↑ "Past Recipients of the Lawson Medal". Canadian Botanical Association/L'Association Botanique du Canada.
  3. 1 2 Cori Vanchierim, 'An ecologist’s new book gets at the root of trees’ social lives,' Science News 28 June 2021
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Biography of Suzanne Simard for Appearances, Speaking Engagements". www.allamericanspeakers.com. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  5. ↑ "The Wolf Tree and the World Wide Web". WIRED magazine. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
  6. 1 2 Hooper, Rowan (May 1, 2021). "The wisdom of the woods". New Scientist. 250 (3332): 39–43. doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(21)00747-8. ISSN 0262-4079. S2CID 236545643. Online title: Suzanne Simard interview: How I uncovered the hidden language of trees.
  7. ↑ "TerreWEB - UBC Wiki". wiki.ubc.ca. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  8. ↑ "Prof. Suzanne Simard talks about "Mother Trees"". May 16, 2011.
  9. ↑ Simard, Suzanne W.; Perry, David A.; Jones, Melanie D.; Myrold, David D.; Durall, Daniel M.; Molina, Randy (August 1997). "Net transfer of carbon between ectomycorrhizal tree species in the field". Nature. 388 (6642): 579–582. doi:10.1038/41557
  10. ↑ Slaught, Jonathan C. (May 3, 2021). "The Woman Who Looked at a Forest and Saw a Community". The New York Times. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  11. ↑ Bone, Eugenia (May 7, 2021). "BOOKSHELF 'Finding the Mother Tree' Review: Seeing the Forest". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  12. 1 2 Finding the Mother Tree: Discovering the Wisdom of the Forest. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 2021.
  13. 1 2 Pollan, Michael (December 16, 2013). "The Intelligent Plant". The New Yorker.
  14. ↑ Simard, S.W. et al. (2012). "Mycorrhizal networks: Mechanisms, ecology and modeling". Fungal Biology Reviews. 26: 39–60. doi:10.1016/j.fbr.2012.01.001
  15. ↑ "TerreWEB". terreweb.ubc.ca.
  16. ↑ "How trees talk to each other". July 22, 2016.
  17. ↑ "The networked beauty of forests - Suzanne Simard". TED-Ed.
  18. ↑ "Do Trees Communicate?" – via www.imdb.com.
  19. ↑ "Nature's internet: how trees talk to each other in a healthy forest – TEDxSeattle". tedxseattle.com.
  20. ↑ "Intelligent Trees - The Documentary".
  21. ↑ Morgenstern, Joe (October 24, 2019). "'Fantastic Fungi' Review: Magic Mushrooms". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  22. ↑ "Dr Suzanne Simard & plant intelligence, Refugee women, Scottish govt & GRC, Inheritance laws & abusers, Sexist uniforms". Woman's Hour. March 2, 2022. 23:18 minutes in. BBC Radio 4. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
  23. ↑ Jabr, Ferris (December 2, 2020). "The Social Life of Forests". The New York Times. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  24. ↑ Fabiani, Louise (2018). "It's Not the Trees That Need Saving: The Overstory (Review)". Earth Island Journal. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  25. ↑ "Meet the Canada Reads 2022 contenders". CBC Books, January 26, 2022.
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