Takahashi (高橋, lit. "high bridge") is the third most common Japanese surname.[1] Less common variants include 髙橋, 高梁, 孝橋, 鷹橋, 高槁, 高端, 鷹啄, 喬橋 and 鷹羽司.
Notable people with the surname Takahashi
- Aaron Takahashi, American actor
- Ai Takahashi (高橋 愛, born 1986), Japanese singer and actress
- Ai Takahashi (kickboxer) (高橋 藍, born 1982), Japanese kickboxer
- Aki Takahashi (高橋 アキ, born 1944), Japanese classical pianist
- Akiya Takahashi (高橋 明也, born 1953), Japanese art historian
- Akifumi Takahashi (高橋 聡文, born 1983), Japanese baseball player
- Ao Takahashi (高梁 碧, born 1979), Japanese voice actress
- Asuka Takahashi (髙橋 明日香, born 1999), Japanese badminton player
- Atsushi Takahashi (高橋 篤史, born 1965), Japanese astronomer
- Ayaka Takahashi (高橋 礼華, born 1990), Japanese badminton player
- Ayuo Takahashi (born 1960), Japanese-American musician
- Banmei Takahashi (高橋 伴明, born 1949), Japanese film director
- Belinda Takahashi, professor and creator of the Juno Baby product line
- Bo Takahashi (born 1997), Brazilian baseball player
- Bruna Takahashi (born 2000), Brazilian table tennis player
- Chiaki Takahashi (actress) (たかはし 智秋, born 1977), Japanese voice actress
- Chiaki Takahashi (politician) (高橋 千秋, born 1956), Japanese politician
- Chiemi Takahashi (高橋 千恵美, born 1976), Japanese long-distance runner
- Chiyoko Takahashi (1912–1994), American lawyer
- Chizuko Takahashi (高橋 千鶴子, born 1959), Japanese politician
- Daigo Takahashi (髙橋 大悟, born 1999), Japanese footballer
- Daiji Takahashi (born 1977), Japanese mixed martial artist
- Daisuke Takahashi (髙橋 大輔, born 1986), Japanese figure skater
- Daisuke Takahashi (footballer) (高橋 大輔, born 1983), Japanese footballer
- Daisuke Takahashi (mathematician), Japanese mathematician
- Daito Takahashi (高橋 大斗, born 1980), Japanese Nordic combined skier
- Eiki Takahashi (高橋 英輝, born 1992), Japanese racewalker
- Erina Takahashi, English ballerina
- Ganari Takahashi (高橋 がなり, born 1958), Japanese businessman
- Genichi Takahashi (高橋 厳一, born 1980), Japanese footballer
- Genichiro Takahashi (高橋 源一郎, born 1951), Japanese writer
- Gentaro Takahashi (高橋 元太郎, born 1974), Japanese professional wrestler
- Hana Takahashi (高橋 はな, born 2000), Japanese women's footballer
- Harumi Takahashi (高橋 はるみ, born 1954), Japanese politician
- Harunori Takahashi (高橋 治則, died 2005), Japanese billionaire real estate developer
- Haruto Takahashi (髙橋 遥人, born 1995), Japanese baseball player
- Hideki Takahashi (高橋 英樹, born 1944), Japanese actor
- Hideko Takahashi, Japanese illustrator
- Hideto Takahashi (高橋 秀人, born 1987), Japanese footballer
- Hidetoki Takahashi (高橋 英辰, 1916–2000), Japanese footballer and manager
- Hidezo Takahashi (高橋 秀蔵, born 1934), Japanese cross-country skier
- Hikaru Takahashi (髙橋 ひかる, born 2001), Japanese actress and model
- Hiro Takahashi (高橋 ひろ, 1964–2005), Japanese singer-songwriter and composer
- Hiroaki Takahashi (高橋 宏明, born 1976), Japanese judoka
- Hiroatsu Takahashi (高橋 弘篤, born 1984), Japanese skeleton racer
- Hiroki Takahashi (高橋 広樹, born 1974), Japanese actor, voice actor and singer
- Hiroko Takahashi (cross-country skier) (高橋 弘子, born 1942), Japanese cross-country skier
- Hiroko Takahashi (高橋 裕子, born 1979), better known as Ao Takahashi, Japanese voice actress
- Hiroko Takahashi (高橋 浩子, 1969–2013), better known as Kaoru Shimamura, Japanese voice actress
- Hiromitsu Takahashi (高橋 宏光, born 1959), Japanese artist
- Hiromu Takahashi (高橋 広夢, born 1989), Japanese professional wrestler
- Hiroshi Takahashi (architect) (高橋 ヒロシ, born 1953), Japanese architect
- Hiroshi Takahashi (artist) (高橋 ヒロシ, born 1965), Japanese manga artist
- Hiroshi Takahashi (table tennis) (高橋 浩), Japanese table tennis player
- Hiroyuki Takahashi (footballer) (高橋 宏幸, born 1983), Japanese footballer
- Hiroyuki Takahashi (game producer) (高橋 宏之, born 1957), Japanese video game producer and designer
- Hisako Takahashi (高橋 久子, 1927–2013), Japanese judge
- Hisanori Takahashi (高橋 尚成, born 1975), Japanese baseball player
- Hitomi Takahashi (actress) (高橋 ひとみ, born 1961), Japanese actress
- Hitomi Takahashi (singer) (高橋 瞳, born 1989), Japanese singer
- Ibō Takahashi (高橋 伊望, 1888–1947), Imperial Japanese Navy admiral
- Ikuro Takahashi (高橋 幾郎), Japanese drummer
- Ikuro Takahashi (botanist) (高橋 郁郎, 1892–1981), Japanese botanist
- Issei Takahashi (footballer) (髙橋 壱晟, born 1998), Japanese footballer
- Issey Takahashi (高橋 一生, born 1980), Japanese actor
- Joseph Takahashi (born 1951), Japanese-American neurobiologist and geneticist
- Jun Takahashi (高橋 盾, born 1969), Japanese fashion designer
- Junya Takahashi (高橋 潤哉, born 1997), Japanese footballer
- Juri Takahashi (高橋 朱里, born 1997), Japanese Singer and K-Pop idol from Rocket Punch
- Kakuichi Takahashi (高橋 赫一, 1906–1942), Imperial Japanese Navy officer
- Kaneko Takahashi (高橋 カネ子, born 1942), Japanese speed skater
- Kaori Takahashi (actress) (高橋 かおり, born 1975), Japanese actress
- Kaori Takahashi (synchronised swimmer) (高橋 馨, born 1974), Japanese synchronized swimmer
- Karin Takahashi (髙橋 果鈴, born 2000), Japanese actress and singer
- Karin Takahashi (voice actress) (高橋 花林, born 1994), Japanese voice actress
- Kasumi Takahashi (born 1980), Japanese-Australian rhythmic gymnast
- Katsuhiko Takahashi (高橋 克彦, born 1947), Japanese writer
- Katsunari Takahashi (高橋 勝成, born 1950), Japanese golfer
- Katsunori Takahashi (高橋 克典, born 1964), Japanese singer and actor
- Katsuya Takahashi, conspirator in the Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway
- Kazuaki Takahashi (高橋 一彰, born 1968), Japanese rugby union player
- Kazue Takahashi (高橋 和枝, 1929–1999), Japanese voice actress
- Kazuhiro Takahashi (高橋 和廣, born 1978), Japanese sledge hockey player
- Kazuki Takahashi (高橋 和希, 1961–2022), Japanese manga artist and game creator
- Kazumi Takahashi (高橋 和巳, 1931–1971), Japanese writer
- Kazumi Takahashi (baseball) (高橋 一三, 1946–2015), Japanese baseball player
- Kazuo Takahashi (高橋 和生, born 1969), Japanese mixed martial artist
- Kazuya Takahashi (高橋 和也, born 1969), Japanese actor
- Kei Takahashi (高橋 敬, born 1979), Japanese luger
- Keiji Takahashi (高橋 奎二, born 1997), Japanese baseball player
- Keiko Takahashi (高橋 惠子, born 1955), Japanese actress
- Keita Takahashi (高橋 慶太, born 1975), Japanese game designer and artist
- Keitarou Takahashi (高橋 慶太郎), Japanese manga artist
- Ken Takahashi (高橋 建, born 1969), Japanese baseball player
- Kenichi Takahashi (高橋 健一, born 1973), Japanese long-distance runner
- Kenichi Takahashi (basketball) (高橋 憲一, born 1980), Japanese basketball player
- Kenji Takahashi (footballer, born 1970) (高橋 健二), Japanese footballer
- Kenji Takahashi (footballer, born 1985) (髙橋 健史), Japanese footballer
- Kenji Takahashi (sailor) (高橋 賢次, born 1982), Japanese sailor
- Kensuke Takahashi (futsal player) (高橋 健介, born 1982), Japanese futsal player
- Kensuke Takahashi (actor) (高橋 健介, born 1994), Japanese actor
- Keihan Takahashi (高橋 慶帆, born 2003), Japanese male volleyball player
- Kentaro Takahashi (高橋 健太郎, born 1995), Japanese volleyball player
- Kenya Takahashi (髙橋 建也, born 1995), Japanese footballer
- Kiyomi Takahashi (高橋 清美, born 1966), Japanese swimmer
- Kōji Takahashi (高橋 幸治, born 1935), Japanese actor
- Kona Takahashi (高橋 光成, born 1997), Japanese baseball player
- Kosaku Takahashi (高橋 耕作, born 1944), Japanese cyclist
- Kosuke Takahashi (高橋 浩祐, born 1968), Japanese journalist
- Takahashi Korekiyo (高橋 是清, 1854–1936), Japanese politician and Prime Minister of Japan
- Kouki Takahashi (高橋 江紀, 1987–2011), Japanese motorcycle racer
- Kōzō Takahashi (高橋 幸造, born 1982), Japanese volleyball player
- Kumiko Takahashi (animator) (高橋 久美子), Japanese animator and character designer
- Kumiko Takahashi (singer) (高橋 久美子, born 1954), Japanese singer
- Kumiko Takahashi (writer) (高橋 久美子, born 1982), Japanese writer
- Kuni Takahashi (高橋 邦典, born 1966), Japanese photojournalist
- Kuniaki Takahashi (高橋 邦明, born 1972), Japanese drifting driver
- Kunihiko Takahashi (高橋 邦彦, born 1969), Japanese pool player
- Kunimitsu Takahashi (高橋 国光, 1940–2022), Japanese motorcycle racer and racing driver
- Kuniyuki Takahashi, Japanese DJ and music producer
- Mai Takahashi (高橋 真唯, born 1984), Japanese actress and model
- Makoto Takahashi (高橋 信), Japanese voice actor
- Mamoru Takahashi (born 1956), Japanese golfer
- Manato Takahashi (高橋 真登), Japanese footballer
- Mariko Takahashi (gymnast) (高橋 麻理子, born 1988), Japanese gymnast
- Mariko Takahashi (model and actress) (高橋 マリ子, born 1984), Japanese model and actress
- Mariko Takahashi (singer) (高橋 真梨子, born 1949), Japanese singer
- Maryjun Takahashi (高橋 メアリージュン, born 1987), Japanese actress and model
- Masahiro Takahashi (高橋 昌大, born 1985), Japanese footballer
- Masanao Takahashi (高橋 正直, born 1982), Japanese equestrian
- Masanori Takahashi, commonly known as Kitaro
- Masao Takahashi (born 1929), Canadian judoka
- Masayo Takahashi (高橋 政代, born 1961), Japanese physician, ophthalmologist and stem cell researcher
- Matsuyoshi Takahashi (高橋 松吉, born 1955), Japanese cyclist
- Masayuki Takahashi (高橋 雅之, born 1962), Japanese sailor
- Michael Takahashi (born 1974), Japanese-American basketball player
- Michiaki Takahashi (高橋 理明, 1928–2013), Japanese virologist
- Michio Takahashi (高橋 道雄, born 1960), Japanese shogi player
- Midori Takahashi (高橋 翠, born 1980), Japanese volleyball player
- Migaku Takahashi, Japanese engineer
- Miho Takahashi (高橋 美帆, born 1992), Japanese swimmer
- Mikako Takahashi (高橋 美佳子, born 1980), Japanese voice actor and singer
- Miki Takahashi (高橋 美紀), Japanese voice actress and singer
- Minami Takahashi (高橋 みなみ, born 1991), Japanese singer, idol and actress
- Minami Takahashi (voice actress) (高橋 未奈美, born 1990), Japanese voice actress
- Mitsuomi Takahashi (高橋 光臣, born 1982), Japanese actor
- Miyuki Takahashi (高橋 みゆき, born 1978), Japanese volleyball player
- Miyuki Takahashi (athlete) (高橋 美由紀, born 1946), Japanese pentathlete
- Takahashi Mizuko (高橋 瑞子, 1852–1927), Japanese physician
- Momoko Takahashi (高橋 萌木子, born 1988), Japanese sprinter
- Morio Takahashi (高橋 守雄, 1883–1957), Japanese politician
- Takahashi Motokichi (高橋 元吉, 1893–1965), Japanese poet
- Motosuke Takahashi (高橋 資祐, 1941–2007), Japanese animator and anime director
- Takahashi no Mushimaro (高橋 虫麻呂), 8th-century Japanese poet
- Mutsumi Takahashi, Canadian journalist
- Mutsuo Takahashi (高橋 睦郎, born 1937), Japanese poet and writer
- Nanae Takahashi (高橋 奈苗, born 1978), Japanese professional wrestler
- Naoki Takahashi (高橋 直樹, born 1976), Japanese footballer
- NaoKo TakaHashi (高橋 尚子, born 1973), Japanese artist
- Naoko Takahashi (高橋 尚子, born 1972), Japanese long-distance runner
- Naoya Takahashi (髙橋 直也, born 2001), Japanese footballer
- Naozumi Takahashi (高橋 直純, born 1971), Japanese singer and voice actor
- Naruki Takahashi (高橋 成樹, born 1998), Japanese footballer
- Narumi Takahashi (高橋 成美, born 1992), Japanese figure skater
- Natsuko Takahashi (高橋ナツコ), Japanese screenwriter
- Nobuko Takahashi (ambassador) Ambassador to Denmark
- Norio Takahashi (高橋 範夫, born 1971), Japanese footballer
- Takahashi Oden (高橋 お伝, 1848–1879), Japanese murderer
- Phil Takahashi (born 1957), Canadian judoka
- Ran Takahashi (髙橋 藍, born 2001), Japanese male volleyball player
- Ray Takahashi (born 1958), Canadian sport wrestler and judoka
- Rei Takahashi (高橋 礼, born 1995), Japanese baseball player
- Rie Takahashi (高橋 李依, born 1994), Japanese voice actress and singer
- Rieko Takahashi (高橋 理恵子, born 1967), Japanese actress and voice actress
- Rokuro Takahashi (高橋 六郎, 1909–?), Japanese rower
- Rumiko Takahashi (高橋 留美子, born 1957), Japanese manga artist
- Ryo Takahashi (footballer, born 1993) (高橋 諒), Japanese footballer
- Ryo Takahashi (footballer, born 2000) (高橋 亮), Japanese footballer
- Ryō Takahashi (musician) (高橋諒, born 1985), Japanese musician and composer
- Ryoichi Takahashi (高橋 良一, 1898–1963), Japanese entomologist
- Ryoko Takahashi (高橋 涼子, born 1973), Japanese biathlete
- Ryōsuke Takahashi (高橋 良輔, born 1943), Japanese anime director, screenwriter, and producer
- Ryota Takahashi (高橋 良太, born 1986), Japanese footballer
- Ryuki Takahashi (高橋 龍輝, born 1993), Japanese actor
- Sadamu Takahashi (高橋 定), Japanese naval aviator
- Saiko Takahashi (高橋 彩子, born 1976), Japanese women's footballer
- Sakae Takahashi, (1919–2001), Japanese American politician
- Sakae Takahashi (高橋 栄), Japanese footballer
- Sakuye Takahashi (高橋 作衛, c. 1865 – 1920), Japanese international law scholar
- Sankichi Takahashi (高橋 三吉, 1882–1966), Imperial Japanese Navy admiral
- Saori Takahashi (高橋 沙織, born 1992), Japanese volleyball player
- Sayaka Takahashi (高橋 沙也加, born 1992), Japanese badminton player
- Satoshi Takahashi (born 1968), Japanese karateka
- Seiji Takahashi (高橋 聖二, born 1993), Japanese ice hockey player
- Shigehiro Takahashi (高橋 繁浩, born 1961), Japanese swimmer
- Shigeo Takahashi (高橋 成夫, 1912–1990), Japanese swimmer
- Shigeru Takahashi (高橋 茂), Japanese footballer
- Takahashi Shigetane (高橋 紹運, 1548–1586), Japanese samurai
- Shin Takahashi (高橋 しん, born 1967), Japanese manga artist
- Shinichiro Takahashi (高橋 真一郎, born 1957), Japanese footballer and manager
- Shinji Takahashi (baseball) (高橋 信二, born 1978), Japanese baseball player
- Shinji Takahashi (religious leader) (高橋 信次, 1927–1976), Japanese religious leader
- Shinji Takahashi (sport shooter) (高橋 信司, born 1937), Japanese sport shooter
- Shinji Takahashi (volleyball) (髙橋 慎治, born 1980), Japanese volleyball player
- Shinkichi Takahashi (高橋 新吉, 1901–1987), Japanese poet
- Shohei Takahashi (高橋 祥平, born 1991), Japanese footballer
- Shoko Takahashi (高橋 省子), Japanese table tennis player
- Shunki Takahashi (高橋 峻希, born 1990), Japanese footballer
- Takahashi Shōtei (高橋 松亭, 1871–1945), Japanese artist
- Shuhei Takahashi (高橋 周平, born 1994), Japanese baseball player
- Shunta Takahashi (高橋 駿太, born 1989), Japanese footballer
- Shuta Takahashi (高橋 周大, born 1983), Japanese footballer
- Soya Takahashi (高橋 壮也, born 1996), Japanese footballer
- Subaru Takahashi (高橋 昴, 1902–1992), Japanese cross-country skier
- Susumu Takahashi (高橋 進, 1920–2001), Japanese middle-distance runner
- Tadayuki Takahashi (高橋 忠之, born 1956), Japanese ice dancer and coach
- Takako Takahashi (高橋 たか子, 1932–2013), Japanese writer
- Takanobu Takahashi (高橋 孝信, born 1951), Japanese academic and translator
- Takeo Takahashi (高橋 丈夫), Japanese anime director
- Takeo Takahashi (footballer) (高橋 武夫, born 1947), Japanese footballer and manager
- Taku Takahashi (高橋 拓, born 1974), Japanese musician and record producer
- Takumi Takahashi (高橋 巧, born 1989), Japanese motorcycle racer
- Takuya Takahashi (高橋 拓也, born 1989), Japanese footballer
- Tatsuhiko Takahashi (髙橋 竜彦, born 1974), Japanese golfer
- Tatsuo Takahashi (高橋 辰夫, 1928–2001), Japanese politician
- Tatsuya Takahashi (髙橋 龍也, born 1970), Japanese writer for anime
- Teiji Takahashi (高橋 貞二, 1926–1959), Japanese actor
- Teruo Takahashi (高橋 輝男, born 1941), Japanese wrestling referee and writer
- Tetsuya Takahashi (高橋 哲哉, born 1966), Japanese video game conceptor
- Tetsuya Takahashi (composer) (高橋 哲也), Japanese composer
- Tina Takahashi, Canadian judoka
- Tomoko Takahashi (born 1966), Japanese artist
- Tomomi Takahashi (baseball) (高橋 朋己, born 1988), Japanese baseball player
- Tomomi Takahashi (pole vaulter) (高橋 卓巳, born 1956), Japanese pole vaulter
- Tomotaka Takahashi (高橋 智隆, born 1975), Japanese roboticist
- Toru Takahashi (baseball) (高橋 徹, born 1987), Japanese baseball player
- Toru Takahashi (Internet) (高橋 徹, born 1941), Japanese computer network researcher and businessman
- Toru Takahashi (racing driver) (高橋 徹, 1960–1983), Japanese racing driver
- Toshiki Takahashi (footballer) (高橋 利樹, born 1998), Japanese footballer
- Toshio Takahashi (高橋 敏夫, born 1949), Japanese water polo player
- Tsutomu Takahashi (高橋 ツトム, born 1965), Japanese manga artist
- Wes Takahashi, American animator and visual effects supervisor
- Yashichiro Takahashi (高橋 弥七郎), Japanese writer
- Yasuhiko Takahashi (髙橋 靖彦, born 1985), Japanese wheel gymnastics acrobat
- Yasuko Takahashi, commonly known as Izumi Aki
- Yasushi Takahashi (高橋 康, 1924–2013), Japanese theoretical physicist
- Yōichi Takahashi (高橋 陽一, born 1960), Japanese manga artist
- Yōichirō Takahashi (高橋 陽一郎, born 1963), Japanese film and television director
- Yoko Takahashi (高橋 洋子, born 1966), Japanese singer
- Yoko Takahashi (fighter) (高橋 洋子, born 1973), Japanese mixed martial artist and kickboxer
- Yoshiaki Takahashi (高橋 良秋, born 1963), Japanese boxer
- Yoshie Takahashi (高橋 ヨシ江, born 1932), Japanese long jumper
- Yoshihiko Takahashi (高橋 慶彦, born 1957), Japanese baseball player
- Yoshihiro Takahashi (高橋 義廣, born 1953), Japanese manga artist
- Yoshiki Takahashi (footballer) (高橋 義希, born 1985), Japanese footballer
- Yoshiki Takahashi (高橋 義生), ring name of Kazuo Takahashi (born 1969), Japanese mixed martial artist
- Yoshinobu Takahashi (高橋 由伸, born 1975), Japanese baseball player
- Yōsuke Takahashi (高橋 葉介, born 1956), Japanese manga artist
- Yōsuke Takahashi (rugby union) (高橋 洋丞, born 1991), Japanese rugby union player
- Yu Takahashi (高橋 優, born 1983), Japanese singer-songwriter
- Yu Takahashi (actress) (高橋 ユウ, born 1991), Japanese actress and model
- Yugo Takahashi (高橋 裕吾), Japanese voice actor
- Takahashi Yuichi (高橋 由一, 1828–1894), Japanese painter
- Yuichi Takahashi (athlete) (高橋 勇市), Japanese Paralympic athlete
- Yūji Takahashi (高橋 悠治, born 1938), Japanese classical pianist, composer, critic and writer
- Yuji Takahashi (footballer) (高橋 祐治, born 1993), Japanese footballer
- Yujiro Takahashi (高橋 裕二郎, born 1981), Japanese professional wrestler
- Yuki Takahashi (高橋 裕紀, born 1984), Japanese motorcycle racer
- Yūki Takahashi (baseball) (髙橋 優貴, born 1997), Japanese baseball player
- Yuki Takahashi (wrestler) (高橋 侑希), Japanese sport wrestler
- Yukihiro Takahashi (高橋 幸宏, 1952–2023), Japanese musician
- Yukiko Takahashi (高橋 有紀子, born 1967), Japanese volleyball and beach volleyball player
- Yuko Takahashi (高橋 侑子), Japanese triathlete
- Yuma Takahashi (高橋 悠馬, born 1990), Japanese footballer
- Yumiko Takahashi (高橋 由美子, born 1974), Japanese actress and singer
- Yuriko Takahashi (高橋 百合子, born 1973), Japanese weightlifter
- Yusuke Takahashi (高橋 悠介, born 1997), Japanese tennis player
- Yutaka Takahashi (高橋 泰, born 1980), Japanese footballer
- Yutaka Takahasi (高橋 裕, born 1927), Japanese engineer
- Yutaro Takahashi (高橋 祐太郎, born 1987), Japanese footballer
- Yuuta Takahashi (高橋 優太, born 1984), Japanese actor
- Yuuta Takahashi (Magic: The Gathering player) (高橋 優太), Japanese Magic: The Gathering player
Fictional characters
- Daichi Takahashi and Eriko Takahashi, from High School Girls
- Kenshi Takahashi, from the Mortal Kombat series
- Misaki Takahashi, from Junjo Romantica
- Mitsuko Takahashi, from Someday's Dreamers
- Natsuki Takahashi (高橋 夏樹), a character in the tokusatsu television series Gosei Sentai Dairanger
- Tetsuya Takahashi, from Forbidden Dance
- Nanami Takahashi, from the manga We Were There
- Mr. Takahashi, from Curb Your Enthusiasm
- Takeda Takahashi, from Mortal Kombat X
- Takahashi from Fallout 4
- Keisuke Takahashi from Initial D
- Ryosuke Takahashi from Initial D
- Hoshino Takahashi from Blue Archive
References
- ↑ "明治安田生命 全国同姓調査" [Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company—National same family name investigation] (PDF) (Press release) (in Japanese). Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company. 2008-09-24. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
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