The Taliban Five were five Afghan detainees at Guantanamo Bay and former high-ranking members of the Taliban government of Afghanistan who, after being held since 2002, indefinitely without charges, were exchanged in 2014 for United States Army sergeant Bowe Bergdahl.[1][2]

For several years there were rumors that the Obama Presidency's negotiations with the Taliban hinged over the release of these men.[3][4][5][6] The Taliban wanted the men to be sent to Qatar. The United States was reported to be considering freeing them if the Taliban would release Bowe Bergdahl, a soldier the Taliban had been holding since 2009.[7] The Taliban Five were released to custody in Doha, Qatar on June 1, 2014. Bergdahl, upon his release, was tried by general court-martial on charges of desertion, pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to be dishonorably discharged.

The Taliban Five have been described as "the hardest of the hard-core" by John McCain and James Franklin Jeffrey. All five are deemed "high" risk to the United States and were recommended for "continued detention".[8] This reverses a position McCain held only four months earlier. McCain said his stance has changed only because the previous proposal was to release five "hard-core" Taliban leaders as a "confidence-building measure." The current proposal would be an actual exchange of prisoners. "I would be inclined to support such a thing, depending on a lot of details," he said.[9] The Wall Street Journal described the identity of the five men as an "open secret", since members of Congress had been briefed on the negotiations.[1]

The Taliban Five were involved in peace talks to end the conflict in Afghanistan with the U.S. in March 2019.[10]

Members of the Taliban Five

The Taliban Five were listed as very dangerous men by the United States.[8][11][12][13]

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According to US intelligence officials, Abdul Haq Wasiq was deputy chief of the Taliban regime's intelligence service. Wasiq had direct access to Taliban and Hezb-e-Islarni Gulbuddin leaders, and was "central to the Taliban's efforts to form alliances with other Islamic fundamentalist groups to fight alongside the Taliban against US and Coalition forces after the 11 September 2001 attacks".[8][11][12][13]

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According to US intelligence officials, Norullah Noori served as the governor of Balkh and Laghman provinces in the Taliban regime. He was a senior Taliban military commander in Mazar-e-Sharif. Noori is "wanted by the United Nations for possible war crimes including the murder of thousands of Shiite Muslims" along with Fazl. According to Barnett Rubin, they were "responsible for ethno-sectarian massacres in northern Afghanistan" along with their enemies.[8][11][12][13]

The Times of Oman described Norullah Nori as " the most controversial" of the five.[14]

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According to US intelligence officials, Mohammad Fazl served as Chief of Staff of the Taliban Army. He was associated with terrorist groups opposing US and Coalition forces. According to documents from the Joint Task Force Guantánamo, Fazl is "wanted by the UN for possible War crimes including the murder of thousands of Shiites". The document stated Fazl has become a recruiting symbol for the Taliban.[8][11][12][13]

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According to US intelligence officials, Khairullah Khairkhwa was the interior minister under the Taliban. He helped found the Taliban in 1994. He was directly associated with Osama bin Laden and Taliban Supreme Commander Mullah Muhammad Omar. Likely involved with militant training, he was also "a narcotics trafficker and probably used his position and influences to become one of the major opium drug lords in Western Afghanistan", and probably used profits from drugs to promote Taliban interests.[8][11][12][13]

The Times of Oman described Khairkhwa as a "relative moderate".[14]

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According to US intelligence officials, Mohammad Nabi Omari was the Taliban's chief of communications. Nabi had "operational ties to Anti-Coalition Militia (ACM) groups including al-Qaeda, the Taliban, the Haqqani Network, and the Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin". He also "maintained weapons caches and facilitated the smuggling of fighters and weapons".[8][11][12][13]

Taliban Five prisoner exchange

Over the years, there were several premature reports of some or all of the men being transferred. On January 10, 2012, Iranian news sources asserted three of the five men had been transferred, in return for Bergdahl.[3] On July 29, 2013, Ynetnews reported that the USA had already released the five men as a goodwill gesture without insisting on the Taliban in turn releasing Bergdahl.[15]

On May 31, 2014, following negotiations coordinated by the government of Qatar, the five detainees were exchanged for Bergdahl, who was thought to be the last remaining American prisoner of war.[16] The Taliban five were taken from Guantanamo Bay and flown by a C-17 Globemaster III to Qatar, where they were required to remain for a year as a condition of their release. They arrived in Qatar on June 1, 2014.[17] A portion of an edited video of Bergdahl's handover released by the Taliban on June 4, 2014, shows the homecoming of the prisoners in an unknown location in Qatar where a caravan of SUVs pulls over alongside a busy stretch of road with the former prisoners exiting and hugging their supporters. The video portion was mixed with joyful Jihadi song.[18] In late-May 2015, the travel ban was extended while negotiations continue between Qatar and the United States.[19]

Internal debate over Taliban Five prisoner release

According to Time, Pentagon officials and the intelligence community had successfully fought off releasing the Taliban Five in the past; President Barack Obama's move to release the prisoners was described as a "victory" for those at the White House and the State Department who had argued against the military.[20]

In January 2015, several commentators repeated assertions that US officials who insisted on anonymity had said that one of the five men had tried to contact the Haqqani faction, from Qatar. These commentators, citing this anonymous report, asserted that at least one of the five men was a "recidivist". On February 2, 2014, the Oman Tribune quoted Khalid bin Mohammad Al Attiyah Qatar's Foreign Minister denials of these reports.[21]

Attiya assured the public that Omani and US officials were cooperating in monitoring that the men were complying with the terms of the agreement that allowed them to travel to Qatar, and there had been no sign that any of the men had taken any steps that would violate that agreement.

References

  1. 1 2 "The Taliban Five: Meet the men the U.S. might release as a goodwill gesture". Wall Street Journal. February 13, 2012. Archived from the original on April 27, 2012. Retrieved August 14, 2013. The Obama Administration is pursuing peace talks with the Taliban, and as a goodwill gesture it has been leaking the news that it may pre-emptively release five of their leaders held at Guantanamo.
  2. ↑ Andy Worthington (March 23, 2012). "The "Taliban Five" and the Forgotten Afghan Prisoners in Guantánamo". Archived from the original on September 7, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  3. 1 2 M K Bhadrakumar (January 10, 2012). "There's more to peace than Taliban". Asia Times. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved January 11, 2012. Nevertheless, Iranian media insist that three high-ranking Taliban leaders have been released – Mullah Khairkhawa, former interior minister; Mullah Noorullah Noori, a former governor; and Mullah Fazl Akhund, the Taliban's chief of army staff – in exchange for an American soldier held by the Taliban.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  4. ↑ Carol Rosenberg (March 12, 2012). "Taliban prisoners at Guantánamo OK transfer". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on March 25, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2012. Five top Taliban leaders held by the U.S. in the Guantánamo Bay military prison told a visiting Afghan delegation they agree to a proposed transfer to the tiny Gulf state of Qatar, opening the door for a possible move aimed at bringing the Taliban into peace talks, Afghan officials said Saturday.
  5. ↑ "Guantanamo Taliban inmates 'agree to Qatar transfer'". BBC News. March 10, 2012. Archived from the original on March 12, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2012. If the president pursues this strategy, though, he will need support from wary politicians in Congress, our correspondent says. Many there see a transfer of what they call the most dangerous inmates at Guantanamo as a step too far, he adds.
  6. ↑ Hamid Shalizi (March 10, 2012). "Taliban Guantanamo detainees agree to Qatar transfer – official". Reuters. Archived from the original on March 12, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2012. Karzai's top aide, Ibrahim Spinzada, visited the Guantanamo facility this week to secure approval from the five Taliban prisoners to be moved to Qatar.
  7. ↑ Thomas Joscelyn (June 21, 2013). "The Taliban Five at Guantanamo". The Weekly Standard. Archived from the original on September 3, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013. Shortly after opening its political office in Doha, Qatar earlier this week, the Taliban floated the idea of exchanging U.S. Army Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl, who has been in captivity since 2009, for the top five Taliban leaders in U.S. custody at Guantanamo. The offer, which has been a longstanding Taliban demand, was first reported by the Associated Press.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "John McCain says five Taliban detainees freed in Bowe Bergdahl exchange 'are the hardest of the hard-core'". PolitiFact. Archived from the original on January 27, 2015. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  9. ↑ Mataconis, Doug. "John McCain Was For Trading Taliban Prisoners For Sgt. Bergdahl Before He Was Against It". Outside the Beltway.
  10. ↑ "Once Jailed in Guantánamo, 5 Taliban Now Face U.S. at Peace Talks". The New York Times. March 27, 2019.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "The Gitmo detainees swapped for Bergdahl: Who are they?". CNN. Archived from the original on June 1, 2014. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 David Blair (June 1, 2014). "Five pillars of old Taliban regime". The Telegraph (UK). Archived from the original on June 2, 2014. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Eyder Peralta (May 31, 2014). "Who Are The 5 Guantanamo Detainees In Prisoner Swap?". WUFT-FM. Archived from the original on December 24, 2014. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  14. 1 2 "Many Afghans oppose release of Taliban officials". Times of Oman. June 2, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
  15. ↑ Orly Azoulay (July 29, 2013). "US releases prisoners from Guantanamo: US government releases five prisoners from infamous detention camp as gesture ahead of talks with Taliban". Ynetnews. Archived from the original on August 15, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  16. ↑ "US soldier Bowe Bergdahl freed by Taliban in Afghanistan". BBC News. May 31, 2014. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
  17. ↑ "American soldier held captive in Afghanistan is now free". MSNBC. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
  18. ↑ "Taliban video shows Bowe Bergdahl's release in Afghanistan - CNN.com". Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  19. ↑ "Qatar Extends Travel Ban for Taliban Leaders Released from Guantanamo". Voice of America. May 31, 2015. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
  20. ↑ Massimo Calabresi. "Taliban Release For Bergdahl: Obama Overrode Internal Objections". TIME. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  21. ↑ "Gitmo ex-inmates 'not back to militancy'". Washington, D.C.: Oman Tribune. February 2, 2015. Archived from the original on February 4, 2015. Retrieved February 4, 2015. It's totally false," Attiya said. "They are living according to the agreement we signed with the United States.
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