Tan Chong Tee
陈崇智
Tan Chong Tee in 1936
Born(1916-10-15)15 October 1916
Singapore, Straits Settlements
Died24 November 2012(2012-11-24) (aged 96)[1]
Singapore
Other namesLim Shu
Tan Tien Soong
Known forChinese resistance fighter of Force 136
SpouseLee Shao Meng (李绍蒙)
Parents
  • Tan Kah Tek (father)
  • Lim Peng Tuan (mother)
RelativesTan Chong Mao (brother)
Tan Chong Tee
Traditional Chinese陳崇智
Simplified Chinese陈崇智

Tan Chong Tee (Chinese: 陈崇智; pinyin: Chén Chóngzhì; 15 October 1916 – 24 November 2012) was a Chinese resistance fighter based in Singapore and Malaya during World War II.[1] An accomplished badminton player before the war, he joined Force 136 around 1942 after Singapore fell to the Japanese.[2] In 1944, while on a mission, Tan, along with Lim Bo Seng and other Force 136 members, was captured by the Japanese. He was subjected to torture during his captivity.[3] After the war, he returned to playing badminton and later became a businessman.[4]

Early life

Tan was born in an ethnic Chinese family with ancestry from Fujian Province at his family residence along Shrewsbury Road in present-day Novena, Singapore. His father, Tan Kah Tek, worked in a carriage shop on Orchard Road while his mother, Lim Peng Tuan, owned a floral nursery.[4] Tan left Singapore to further his studies in China in 1930 and returned home in 1933.[1] He helped his mother run Kheng Cheng School, which she established in 1927.[5][6]

As a badminton player

Tan was a talented badminton player in his youth and represented the Marigold and Mayflower Badminton Parties at various tournaments in Singapore.[7][8] At just 17 years old, he made his senior debut in the 1934 Singapore Open and exceeded expectation by reaching the quarter-finals of the men's singles event.[9] His exceptional performance during the tournament, characterised by his impressive speed and powerful gameplay, propelled him to prominence in the local badminton circuit.[10][11]

In 1935, Tan was selected to represent Singapore at the All-Malayan Chinese Olympiad interstate badminton tournament.[12] Despite his best efforts, Singapore fell short in the semi-finals with a narrow defeat against the Penang team.[13] At his second Singapore Open, Tan continued to make a strong impression by advancing to the semi-finals of both the men's singles and doubles events.[14][15] Later that year, he achieved his first senior success in the inter-club championship, where he won all his matches to help Mayflower to emerge as the inter-club champion.[16]

From 1936 onwards, Tan established himself as a dominant force in the regional badminton scene, achieving remarkable success in various tournaments. At the 1936 Singapore Open, he secured his first men's singles title by defeating the reigning champion, Leow Kim Fatt,[17] who had earlier emerged victorious in an exhibition match against former All-England champion Frank Devlin.[18] In addition to his singles triumph, he also teamed up with his clubmate, Seah Eng Hee, to clinch the men's doubles title.[19] The following year, Tan repeated the same feat once again by winning both the men's singles and doubles titles at the 1937 Singapore Open.[20][21] His back-to-back victories in both disciplines made him the first player in the history of the tournament to claim consecutive titles in both events.[22]

Tan's achievements were not limited to Singapore alone. At the 1937 All-Malayan Chinese Olympiad interstate badminton tournament, he played a pivotal role in leading Singapore to achieve its first success since the tournament inception in 1933, by beating their fierce rivals from Penang in a thrilling final.[23] In 1938, Tan claimed the men's singles title at the Malaysia Open,[24] having made the quarter-finals the year before.[25] He made another final in 1939 but unfortunately, he was unable to secure the victory and ended up as the runner-up.[26] In 1940, Tan regained his best form to win his third Singapore Open men's singles crown[27] and paired up with Lee Shao Meng, another Marigold player, to secure the mixed doubles title[28] after falling short in the previous year.[29] He also reached yet another semi-finals at the Malaysia Open, his third in a row, which solidifying his status as one of the best player in the region.[30]

He was a contemporary of Wong Peng Soon and achieved the remarkable feat of defeating Wong in competitions, making him one of the few players to have achieved such a distinction.[31]

Career in Force 136

Tan (left) and Lim Bo Seng

When the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1937, Tan participated in anti-Japanese activities such as boycotting Japanese goods and fund-raising to support the war effort in China.[1] On 31 January 1941, he embarked on a journey to Chongqing, China, with the intention of joining the Chinese armed forces in their fight against the Japanese invaders.[1] However, Tan was denied entry into the army due to his young age and was advised to stay in Chongqing to pursue his studies instead.[32] He later enrolled at the University of Hunan to study fine arts.[33]

Tan lost touch with his family in 1942 after the Japanese invaded and occupied Singapore. After facing disappointment in his attempt to join the Chinese Air Forces due to exceeding the age limit, he took an alternative approach by organising an art exhibition to raise funds for overseas Chinese refugees. It was during this exhibition that he caught the attention of the Kuomintang government of China, and was recruited to contribute to the resistance effort in Malaya.[33] He then went to India for training and joined Force 136, a branch of the Allied Special Operations Executive, where he met and befriended Lim Bo Seng.[2]

Tan participated in Operation Gustavus, a mission aimed at establishing an espionage network in Malaya and Singapore to gather intelligence about Japanese activities, and thereby aid the British in Operation Zipper – the code name for their plan to take back Singapore from the Japanese.[34] The team embarked on a journey from Colombo, Sri Lanka, to Malaya, utilising a submarine as their means of transportation. By 2 August 1943, the submarine had successfully reached Malayan waters near Pangkor Island, located off the coast of Perak. The team executed a covert landing at Tanjong Hantu and subsequently rendezvoused with a contingent of guerrillas affiliated with the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA).[1][35]

Tan was subsequently assigned to undertake infiltration and intelligence tasks, adopting the persona of Tan Tien Soong or Lim Shu, a wealthy businessman.[36] This guise provided him with the necessary cover to establish and manage spy networks in the regions of Lumut and Ipoh. Leveraging his background in art, Tan utilised his sketching skills to visually capture crucial information for the group's espionage operations.[2] He was captured in 1944 by the Japanese when the operation failed.[3] He spent the next 18 months in captivity,[37] during which he was tortured by the Japanese, who attempted to force him to reveal the identities of other Force 136 members but he refused.[38] He was released after the Japanese surrender in 1945.[39]

Upon returning to Singapore, Tan found out that his brother, Chong Mao, had been executed by the Japanese in the Sook Ching massacre and that his mother had been beaten up by the Japanese when she tried to sought information about her missing son. Her injuries left her bedridden and she died in December of the same year.[1]

Postwar life

After the war, Tan participated in badminton tournaments again and continued to excel, reaching two more men's doubles finals with partners Ong Poh Lim and Kon Kong Min in the 1948 and 1952 Singapore Open respectively.[40][41] In 1952, he finished as runner-up in the Foong Seong Cup, a notable interstate badminton tournament in Malaya, while representing Singapore.[42] Adding to his accomplishments, Tan also secured another inter-club championship that year, this time as the member of the Marigold Badminton Party.[43] Transitioning from competitive play, Tan dedicated himself to coaching the sport of badminton for the Singapore Badminton Association (SBA), where he mentored and trained the next generation of players.[44] In 1959, he won the veteran men's doubles title with Ismail Marjan.[45]

In addition to his pursuits in badminton, Tan also ventured into property development and advertising where he established himself as a successful businessman.[4][3] After many years of hard work and dedication, he eventually retired from his business endeavors in 1985.[1] In 1994, he wrote a Chinese-language memoir, FORCE 136: Story Of A WWII Resistance Fighter (ISBN 981-3029-90-0), which recounts his experiences with Force 136.[46] The memoir was translated into English a year later by Lee Watt Sim and Clara Show,[47] and published in 2001 by Asiapac Books as a comic book. In 2001, Tan was part of a group selected to recite the National Pledge during the National Day Parade.[48] In 2002, Tan published another book named Upholding The Legacy: Singapore Badminton (ISBN 9789812292704), which covers the history of badminton in Singapore.[4]

Personal life

In 1946, Tan married Lee Shao Meng, his teammate at Marigold Badminton Party, who he teamed up for various mixed doubles events. They had a daughter together.[4]

Death

Tan died in Singapore on 24 November 2012 at the age of 96. He was cremated at the Mandai Crematorium.[49]

Honours and awards

On 3 October 1945, Tan was conferred the rank of Liaison Officer by Colonel John Davies, the commanding officer of Force 136 and invited to partake in negotiations regarding demobilisation. Following the demobilisation process, he was honored with a Force 136 service medal, a Burmese medal award certificate, a demobilisation certificate, and a certificate of service bestowed by the Order of the British Empire.[1][50][51]

In 1947, Tan, along with 145 other Singaporeans, were each awarded with a certificate of commendation by the Governor of Singapore, Sir Franklin Gimson for their services to the community during the Malayan campaign, during the Japanese occupation and in the B.M.A period after the liberation.[52][53]

On 19 September 1995, Tan and eight other surviving members of Force 136 were each presented with a commemorative silver ingot to honour them for their resistance efforts.[54]

Sporting achievements

Tournaments

Men's singles

Year Tournament Opponent Score Result Ref
1936 Singapore Open Straits Settlements Leow Kim Fatt 15–8, 14–18, 15–8 1st place, gold medalist(s) Winner [17]
1937 Singapore Open Straits Settlements Yap Chin Tee 5–15, 17–14, 15–12 1st place, gold medalist(s) Winner [20]
1938 Malaysia Open Straits Settlements Wong Peng Soon 15–2, 9–15, 15–11 1st place, gold medalist(s) Winner [24]
1939 Malaysia Open Straits Settlements Seah Eng Hee 8–15, 15–17 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Runner-up [26]
1940 Singapore Open Straits Settlements Yap Chin Tee 15–8, 15–6 1st place, gold medalist(s) Winner [27]

Men's doubles

Year Tournament Partner Opponent Score Result Ref
1936 Singapore Open Straits Settlements Seah Eng Hee Straits Settlements Chan Chim Bock
Straits Settlements Wong Peng Soon		 16–21, 23–21, 21–13 1st place, gold medalist(s) Winner [19]
1937 Singapore Open Straits Settlements Seah Eng Hee Straits Settlements Chan Chim Bock
Straits Settlements Wong Peng Soon		 4–21, 23–22, 24–20 1st place, gold medalist(s) Winner [21]
1940 Singapore Open Straits Settlements Low Seah Chuan Straits Settlements Chia Chin Soon
Straits Settlements Ahmad Mattar		 21–18, 16–21, 22–24 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Runner-up [55]
1948 Singapore Open Colony of Singapore Ong Poh Lim Colony of Singapore Teoh Peng Hooi
Colony of Singapore Wong Peng Soon		 8–15, 15–17 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Runner-up [40]
1952 Singapore Open Colony of Singapore Kon Kong Min Colony of Singapore Ismail Marjan
Colony of Singapore Ong Poh Lim		 11–15, 12–15 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Runner-up [41]

Mixed doubles

Year Tournament Partner Opponent Score Result Ref
1939 Singapore Open Straits Settlements Lee Shao Meng Straits Settlements Wong Peng Soon
Straits Settlements Waileen Wong		 12–21, 3–21 2nd place, silver medalist(s) Runner-up [29]
1940 Singapore Open Straits Settlements Lee Shao Meng Straits Settlements S. A. Durai
Straits Settlements Yoong Sook Lian		 15–21, 21–6, 21–3 1st place, gold medalist(s) Winner [28]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Guay, Ee Ling. "Tan Chong Tee". National Library Board. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 "Portrait of a guerilla as a young man". The Straits Times. 7 March 1983. p. 11. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 "Former Force 136 men offer their services". The Straits Times. 30 October 1963. p. 11. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "For the love of the game". The Straits Times. 18 August 2002. p. 20. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  5. ↑ "History of Kheng Cheng School Since 1927". Ministry of Education (Singapore). Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  6. ↑ "Founder's life inspiration for modern Singapore". The Straits Times. 22 July 1997. p. 41. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  7. ↑ "A Prosperous New Year to Clubs!". The Straits Times. 3 February 1935. p. 15. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  8. ↑ "Novel Events Expected". The Straits Times. 31 March 1935. p. 19. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  9. ↑ "The Singles Semi-Finalists Decided". Sunday Tribune (Singapore). 21 October 1934. p. 22. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  10. ↑ "Badminton Surprises". The Straits Times. 30 September 1934. p. 21. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  11. ↑ "A Season of Surprises". Sunday Tribune (Singapore). 8 November 1936. p. 19. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  12. ↑ "Chinese Olympiad". Malaya Tribune. 11 July 1935. p. 14. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  13. ↑ "Results of Semi-finals at Penang". The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser. 6 August 1935. p. 15. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  14. ↑ "Brilliant Defence Resists Powerful Attack". The Straits Times. 8 September 1935. p. 28. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  15. ↑ "Thrills In Singapore Badminton Tournament". The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser. 10 September 1935. p. 15. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  16. ↑ "Mayflower 'A' Team Win Easily". The Straits Times. 7 October 1935. p. 16. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  17. 1 2 "Singapore's New Singles Badminton Champion". The Straits Times. 1 November 1936. p. 24. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  18. ↑ "Singapore Badminton Champion Surprises J. F. Devlin". The Straits Times. 21 August 1936. p. 14. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  19. 1 2 "Eng Hee And Chong Tee Win Badminton Doubles". The Straits Times. 15 November 1936. p. 24. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  20. 1 2 "Championship Badminton". Sunday Tribune (Singapore). 24 October 1937. p. 22. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  21. 1 2 "Badminton". Morning Tribune. 25 October 1937. p. 21. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  22. ↑ "End of Singapore Championships". The Straits Times. 31 October 1937. p. 26. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  23. ↑ "Singapore Chinese Win Men's Event". The Straits Times. 2 August 1937. p. 5. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  24. 1 2 "Malayan Badminton Finals". Malaya Tribune. 19 April 1938. p. 14. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  25. ↑ "Singapore Stars Defeated in Badminton Championships". The Straits Times. 6 December 1937. p. 16. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  26. 1 2 "Eng Hee Wins Thrilling Badminton Final". The Straits Times. 11 April 1939. p. 18. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  27. 1 2 "Chong Tee Wins Singapore Title". Morning Tribune. 18 November 1940. p. 15. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  28. 1 2 "Chong Tee & Miss Lee Win Mixed Doubles Final". The Straits Times. 25 November 1940. p. 11. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  29. 1 2 "Another Title". The Straits Times. 22 October 1939. p. 18. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  30. ↑ "Badminton Championships Concluding Today". Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle. 25 March 1940. p. 8. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  31. ↑ "Peng Soon Beats Chong Tee After Thrilling Match". The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser. 26 September 1938. p. 12. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  32. ↑ "I Had to Sacrifice My Loved Ones". Singapore Press Holdings. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
  33. 1 2 "After the surrender, the fight goes underground". The Straits Times. 8 December 1991. p. 2. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  34. ↑ Bayly, Christopher Alan; Harper, Timothy Norman (2007), Forgotten wars: Freedom and Revolution in Southeast Asia, ISBN 9780674021532
  35. ↑ Cheah, Boon Kheng (2003). Red Star over Malaya. National University of Singapore Press. ISBN 9971695081.
  36. ↑ "The Making of a Spy". Singapore Press Holdings. Archived from the original on 10 February 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
  37. ↑ "Lim Bo Seng - My Hero, My Friend". Singapore Press Holdings. Archived from the original on 17 January 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
  38. ↑ "Singapore's James Bond looks back". New Paper. 22 November 1997. p. 42. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  39. ↑ "Singapore's James Bond". Singapore Press Holdings. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
  40. 1 2 "Third Singapore title for Peng Soon". The Straits Times. 28 November 1948. p. 12. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  41. 1 2 "3 S'pore Titles to Poh Lim". Singapore Standard. 30 December 1952. p. 12. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  42. ↑ "Selangor wins Foong Seong Cup". Straits Budget. 20 November 1952. p. 19. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  43. ↑ "Marigold drop only 28 points in club final". The Straits Times. 24 December 1952. p. 16. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  44. ↑ "Big Start for SBA's Schools Training Plan". The Straits Times. 16 December 1958. p. 20. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  45. ↑ "Marjan again a champ". The Straits Times. 29 May 1959. p. 16. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  46. ↑ "WWII resistance group member writes war memoirs". The Straits Times. 16 December 1995. p. 28. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  47. ↑ "Resistance fighter's tale of Japanese Occupation". The Straits Times. 17 February 1996. p. 7. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  48. ↑ "War hero among 36 to recite pledge". The Straits Times. 21 June 2001. p. 2. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  49. ↑ "Obituaries: Tan Chong Tee". The Straits Times. 26 November 2012. p. 14. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  50. ↑ United Kingdom list: "No. 37780". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 November 1946. p. 5468.
  51. ↑ "War Awards to Malayans". The Straits Budget. 12 December 1946. p. 14. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  52. ↑ "146 Singaporeans get awards". The Singapore Free Press. 18 April 1947. p. 5. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  53. ↑ "Awards to S'pore Citizens". The Straits Times. 18 April 1947. p. 5. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  54. ↑ "Silver ingots for Force 136 war heroes". The Straits Times. 20 September 1995. p. 3. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  55. ↑ "Open Badminton Title Won By Juniors". The Straits Times. 15 December 1940. p. 17.
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