Axiom Research Labs (TeamIndus)
TypeAerospace research
For-profit organisation
IndustryAerospace
FoundersRahul Narayan, Indranil Chakraborty, Sameer Joshi, Dilip Chabria, Julius Amrit, Sheelika Ravishankar
HeadquartersBangalore,
India
Number of locations
Delhi, Bangalore
Websitewww.teamindus.in
and
medium.com/teamindus

TeamIndus (incorporated as Axiom Research Labs[1]) is a private for-profit aerospace company headquartered in Bangalore, India. It consists of a team of professionals from various backgrounds in science, technology, finance, and media, that came together in 2010 with the aim of winning the Google Lunar X Prize competition announced in 2007. Although the competition ended in 2018 without a winner, TeamIndus is still working towards developing and launching their lunar rover mission sometime in 2020 after partnering with OrbitBeyond.

TeamIndus' lander was originally code-named HHK1, now called Z-01, and their rover is called ECA, an abbreviation for Ek Choti Si Asha (A Small Hope).[2]

Financing

Axiom Research Labs was established in 2010 with the aim to compete for the Google Lunar X Prize, and the following year it registered its team as TeamIndus.[1] One of its co-founders was Rahul Narayan, who said in 2016 that the overall cost of the venture was expected to be US$75 million. In 2013, TeamIndus moved from Delhi to Bangalore due to the strategic location of the city. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is based in Bangalore which has also excellent aerospace companies that could help the team with building the lander and rover. L&T was helping by reviewing designs, and Rajiv Mody, founder CEO of the engineering firm Sasken Technologies gave space in its Bangalore facility for the team to operate out of and several former ISRO scientists were providing advice.[3]

The single largest investor at that time was Nandan Nilekani, who became involved in 2014 when TeamIndus launched its first round of funding, raising US$35 million. A second fundraising round in 2016 obtained investment from people such as R. K. Damani, Rakesh Jhunjhunwala, Ashish Kacholia, Rajiv Mody, Subrata Mitra, Shekhar Kirani, and Sharad Sharma.[4]

The organisation was awarded in January 2015 an interim US$1 million prize by Google Lunar X Prize for their successful demonstration on Earth of a proposed lunar landing system.[5]

Mission

The Google Lunar X Prize competition ended in 2018 without a winner as no team met the 31 March 2018 launch deadline. Regardless, TeamIndus is still looking for funding in order to continue development and secure a launch vehicle for sometime in 2019.[6]

Previous competition

In 2011, Axiom Research Labs registered a competing team at the Google Lunar X Prize under the name TeamIndus. The Google Lunar X Prize was a competition announced in 2007 that was open to privately funded ventures aimed at inspiring the development of low-cost robotic lunar exploration. The competing craft were required to travel more than 500 metres (1,600 ft) on the lunar surface and transmit high-resolution video and images once there.[7] TeamIndus registered for the competition in 2011.[3] The launch deadline of the competition, which initially attracted entries from over 30 teams from 17 countries, was 31 March 2018.[8]

Google Lunar X Prize offered a main prize of US$20 million, a second prize of US$5 million and bonus prizes of US$5 million. Additional prizes totalling US$4.75 million were offered to those teams that met specific targets by 31 March 2018.[7][9] The competition ended in 2018 without a winner as no team met the launch deadline. TeamIndus initially planned to attempt to win the endurance and distance bonus prizes by designing a lunar lander and two rovers. They planned for the two rovers to be deployed together, which had a combined total mass of approximately 15 kilograms (33 lb).[10] One rover was to compete for the main task, i.e. to travel more than 500 meters on the lunar surface and send feedback to Earth. The other rover would have competed for the US$5 million worth prize by completing additional tasks beyond baseline requirements to win the grand or the second place prize, such as endurance and range.

In 2016, a contract with ISRO for a launch in 2017 was scheduled,[11] using a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle operated by ISRO from the island of Sriharikota.[8] The launch contract was signed but not fully paid for.[3] The rocket was to be shared with Hakuto, a fellow competitor from Japan.[9] The planned mission duration was 30 Earth days.

The TeamIndus' lunar lander platform was code-named HHK1. The team planned a further modification of the HHK1 for other terrestrial and inter-stellar application after the Google Lunar X Prize competition had completed. For the competition, the HHK1 was to deploy the rovers and then operate as the main communication and control unit consisting of payload, propulsion, structural and other sub-systems.[12] The HHK-1 lander was designed to carry a payload of about 25 kg,[13] including their two small rovers.[14]

Short in time and money, TeamIndus was unable to launch before the deadline,[3] and the competition ended in 2018 without a winner.[15][6]

Development

By April 2018, TeamIndus was working towards developing the hardware and launching the mission sometime in 2019,[15][6] possibly in partnership with Synergy Moon.[16] By March 2018, the organisation had raised US$23 million, but were in need of additional US$35 million.[3]

The lander was initially code-named HHK1, and their single rover is called ECA, an abbreviation for Ek Choti Si Asha (A Small Hope).[2] The spacecraft has a liquid rocket engine with a thrust capability of 440 N for deceleration, and sixteen small 22 N thrusters for finer orbital maneuvers and attitude control (orientation).[17] Then the lander would perform a soft landing at a location yet to be determined.[18]

The spacecraft would carry "a suite of commercial and experimental payloads."[18] The HHK-1 lander may include a small ultraviolet telescope called Lunar Ultraviolet Cosmic Imager (LUCI) that was developed by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics.[19][20][21][22] In June 2016 a letter of intent was signed with the French space agency CNES to carry the Color CMOS Camera for Space Exploration (CASPEX) micro-camera on board the team's rover,[23][24] and the signed agreement was announced on 9 January 2017, specifying that the French agency would contribute two CASPEX cameras for the ECA rover.[24] From 2016 to 2017, TeamIndus ran a competition called Lab2Moon which aimed to select scientific experiments that would be carried to the Moon. Space4Life, from Italy and Team ZΩI (team zoi) from Kolkata, India were chosen as winners in 2017.[25][26] Space4Life would test the potential to use cyanobacteria as a shield against radiation, while Team ZΩI's experiment would conduct photosynthesis on the Moon.[26]

Status

In late 2018, Team Indus (Axiom Research Labs) signed a working agreement with OrbitBeyond[27] that bid and won a NASA CLPS award to land several commercial payloads on the Moon. The lander was renamed Z-01 and is planned to be launched on Q3 2020[28] possibly on a Falcon 9 rocket[29] and land at Mare Imbrium (29.52º N 25.68º W).[12] On 29 July 2019, OrbitBeyond announced that it will retreat from the CPLS contract with NASA, meaning that the mission was canceled.

The ECA rover is used as the basis for a Ceres Robotics rover called Minikhod.[30]

References

  1. 1 2 How Axiom Research Labs has emerged as India's first private aerospace company. Kunal Talgeri, Economic Times. 12 February 2017.
  2. 1 2 Startup Street: Indian Startup Gets Another Chance To Land Rover On Moon. Mahima Kapoor and Azman Usmani, Bloomberg. 8 April 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Aerospace startup Team Indus may crash land due to a paucity of funds. Hari Pulakkat, Economic Times. 13 March 2018.
  4. ↑ Madhumathi, D. S. (26 November 2016). "Bullish investors back Team Indus moon shot". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  5. ↑ Stevens, Tim (26 January 2015). "$5.25 million awarded to five Google Lunar XPrize teams with the right stuff". CNET. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  6. 1 2 3 "Google cancels $30m competition to travel to the moon". BBC. 25 January 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  7. 1 2 "Google Lunar XPRIZE Home Page". Google Lunar XPRIZE. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  8. 1 2 Stevens, Tim (1 April 2014). "Google Lunar XPrize competition enters milestone phase". CNET. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
  9. 1 2 Stevens, Tim (24 January 2017). "Five Google Lunar XPrize teams confirm they're set for the moon". CNET. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  10. ↑ Raj, N. Gopal (10 April 2011). "Indian team in lunar rover competition". Hindu e-news. Chennai, India. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  11. ↑ "Indian space start-up's lunar dream gets ISRO support; aims for global prize!". Zee News. 31 October 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  12. 1 2 Orbit Beyond, Inc. Accessed: 29 October 2018.
  13. ↑ Chopra, Arushi (30 March 2017). "Augmented reality, 3D printing and a shot at the moon". Live Mint. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  14. ↑ "A startup team from Bengaluru preparing for an unmanned lunar mission". Economic Times. 3 January 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
  15. 1 2 TeamIndus plans lunar probe launch in 2019, expanding India's private space ecosystem. Immanuel Jotham, International Business Times. 8 April 2018.
  16. ↑ Moonshot - Synergy Moon. Accessed 15 March 2018.
  17. ↑ A look at the TeamIndus spacecraft that will land on the Moon. TeamIndus Blog. 8 December 2017.
  18. 1 2 TeamIndus - Mission. TeamIndus Home Site. Accessed 31 May 2018.
  19. ↑ "Bangalore-based startup aims for the skies | Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis". dna. 3 August 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  20. ↑ Safonova, M., Mathew, J., Mohan, R. et al. Astrophys. Space Sci. (2014) 353: 329. doi:10.1007/s10509-014-2056-y
  21. ↑ Mathew, J., Prakash, A., Sarpotdar, M. et al. Astrophys. Space Sci. (2017) 362: 37. doi:10.1007/s10509-017-3010-6
  22. ↑ "IIA, Team Indus take an X-Prize shot with LUCI - Bangalore Mirror -". Bangalore Mirror. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  23. ↑ "France-India space cooperation: CNES joins Indian team Indus mission, French technology to fly to the Moon in 2017" (Press release). CNES. 29 June 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  24. 1 2 Henry, Caleb (10 January 2017). "CNES supplying cameras to Indian X Prize team, talks reusability with ISRO". SpaceNews. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  25. ↑ Goh, Deyana (16 March 2017). "TeamIndus Selects Lab2Moon Challenge Winners to Develop Payloads for its Rover". SpaceTech Asia. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  26. 1 2 Wade, Andrew (21 March 2017). "Lab2Moon competition winners revealed". The Engineer. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  27. ↑ OrbitBeyond Teams with Team Indus, Honeybee Robotics for NASA Lunar Program Archived 1 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Doug Messier, Parabolic Arc. 29 November 2018.
  28. ↑ OrbitBeyond - Z-01 Accessed on 17 June 2019.
  29. ↑ Z-01 Lander. Gunter Dirk Krebs, Gunter's Space Page. Accessed on 17 June 2019.
  30. ↑ Ceres Robotics - Rovers Archived 6 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Ceres Robotics. Accessed on 6 December 2019.
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