Tenthredo scrophulariae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Suborder: Symphyta
Family: Tenthredinidae
Genus: Tenthredo
Species:
T. scrophulariae
Binomial name
Tenthredo scrophulariae
Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms
  • Allanthus scrophulariae

Tenthredo scrophulariae, the figwort sawfly, is a species of the family Tenthredinidae, subfamily Tenthredininae.

Distribution and habitat

Larva in defensive posture

This species is widespread across Europe,[1] Turkey and Transcaucasia,[2][3] in meadows wherever figwort grows.[4]

Description

Tenthredo scrophulariae can reach a body length of approximately 11–15 millimetres (0.43–0.59 in).[4] It is easily recognisable by its wasp-like appearance although lacking the thin 'waist' of a true wasp. The head is black and quite short, with prominent, rectangular back corners. The flagellum of the antennae is not narrowed on the tip, it is quite short (less than twice as long as the head width) compared to many related species. It is orange colored, while in most similar species of the genus it is black. The thorax is predominantly black, only the pronotum and scutellum are yellow. The abdomen is black, with transverse bands of yellow.[5]

The leading edge of the forewings, including the veins, is intense orange-red colored, while the remaining wing-membrane is transparent pale yellowish, gray tinted towards the tip. The front legs are almost completely yellow, but the upper sides of the femurs are black. The middle and the rear legs are orange, but the femurs of the rear legs completely black. In the middle leg pair, the femurs may be completely black or with only black rear sides.

The larvae are relatively large, with a length of 30 millimetres (1.2 in) and possessing 22 legs.[6][7] They have a white body with black spots, and feed on mullein and figworts.[7][8]

Biology

The larvae feed from August to September.[9] They hibernate on October. The adults are on the wing from May[9] to August of the following year. These sawflies are quite placid and allow close observation. They fly in a lazy style with their long yellow legs hanging down. The adults feed on small insects and can be often found on umbellifers (Heracleum sphondylium),[4] feeding on nectar and pollen. The larvae[10] feed primarily on leaves of figwort (Scrophularia).[11][12]

They also occur on Buddleja and on black mullein (Verbascum nigrum), where they feed only on the less hairy, older leaves.[13]

The larvae are parasitized by various parasitoid species of Ichneumonidae (Mesoleptidea prosoleuca and Euceros serricornis).[4][13]

References

  1. ↑ Fauna Europaea
  2. ↑ R.B. Benson Hymenoptera from Turkey
  3. ↑ Önder Calmasur, Hikmet …Özbek (2004): A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Tenthredinidae (Symphyta, Hymenoptera) Fauna of Turkey. Part I: The Subfamily Tenthredininae. Turkish Journal of Zoology 28: 37–54.
  4. 1 2 3 4 James K. Lindsey The Ecology of Commanster
  5. ↑ Thomas Brown The Zoologist's Text-Book, Volume 1
  6. ↑ Ludmila, Cleşnina (27 September 2013). "Норичниковый пилильщик - Tenthredo Scrophulariae L- первый очаг выявления на купене лекарственной-Polygonatum Officinalis". Instrumentul Bibliometric Naţional. 36 (2). Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  7. 1 2 Stewart, Charles (1817). Elements of the Natural History of the Animal Kingdom: Comprising the Characters of the Whole Genera, and of the Most Remarkable Species, Particularly Those that are Natives of Britain, Etc. Vol. 2 (Second ed.). p. 238.
  8. ↑ George C McGavin (2010). Insects. Dorling Kindersley Ltd. p. 206. ISBN 9781405369992.
  9. 1 2 Scientific Horticulture: Journal of the Horticultural Education Association, Volumes 16-18. Horticultural Education Association. 1963. p. 28.
  10. ↑ Tenthredo Scrophulariae, Biolib.cz, retrieved 26 June 2012
  11. ↑ Figwort Sawfly, Naturespot, retrieved 26 June 2012
  12. ↑ Hambäck, Peter A.; Dahlgren, Johan P.; Andersson, Petter; Rabasa, Sonja G.; Bommarco, Riccardo; Ehrlén, Johan (2011). "Plant trait-mediated interactions between early and late herbivores on common figwort (Scrophularia nodosa) and effects on plant seed set". Écoscience. 18 (4): 375–381. doi:10.2980/18-4-3422. S2CID 85362121.
  13. 1 2 A.D. Liston (2010): New hostplant records for European sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine Vol. 146 No. 1754: 189–193.
  • R.R. Benson: Hymenoptera 2. Symphyta, Section b. Handbook for the identification of British insects Vol. VI Part 2b. Published by the Royal Entomological Society of London. 1952
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