| Tetrablemmidae Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Tetrablemma ziyaoensis, female | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Tetrablemmidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 |
| Diversity | |
| 27 genera, 142 species | |
 | |
Tetrablemmidae, sometimes called armored spiders, is a family of tropical araneomorph spiders first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1873.[1] It contains 126 described species in 29 genera from southeast Asia, with a few that occur in Africa and Central and South America.[2] Pacullidae was incorporated into this family in 1981,[3] but was later restored as a separate family in a 2016 phylogenetic study.[4]
Most species have been collected from litter and soil, including that of epiphytes. Some live in caves and show typical adaptations of cave spiders, such as loss of eyes and weak sclerotization.[5][6] Members of Tetrablemma only have four eyes,[1] a trait in spiders only found in these and certain members of Caponiidae.
Genera
Brignoliella patmae
As of April 2019, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[2]
- Ablemma Roewer, 1963 — Papua New Guinea, Asia
- Afroblemma Lehtinen, 1981 — Angola, Tanzania, Congo
- Anansia Lehtinen, 1981 — Angola
- Bacillemma Deeleman-Reinhold, 1993 — Thailand
- Borneomma Deeleman-Reinhold, 1980 — Indonesia
- Brignoliella Shear, 1978 — Asia, Oceania
- Caraimatta Lehtinen, 1981 — Mexico, Caribbean, Central America
- Choiroblemma Bourne, 1980 — India
- Cuangoblemma Brignoli, 1974 — Angola
- Fallablemma Shear, 1978 — Samoa, Indonesia
- Gunasekara Lehtinen, 1981 — Sri Lanka
- Hexablemma Berland, 1920 — Kenya
- Indicoblemma Bourne, 1980 — China, Thailand, India
- Lehtinenia Tong & Li, 2008 — China
- Maijana Lehtinen, 1981 — Indonesia
- Mariblemma Lehtinen, 1981 — Seychelles
- Matta Crosby, 1934 — Brazil, Mexico
- Micromatta Lehtinen, 1981 — Belize
- Monoblemma Gertsch, 1941 — South America, Madagascar, Panama
- Pahanga Shear, 1979 — Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Indonesia
- Rhinoblemma Lehtinen, 1981 — Caroline Is.
- Shearella Lehtinen, 1981 — India, Sri Lanka, China
- Sinamma Lin & Li, 2014 — China
- Singalangia Lehtinen, 1981 — Indonesia
- Singaporemma Shear, 1978 — Asia
- Sulaimania Lehtinen, 1981 — Singapore, Malaysia
- Tetrablemma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 — Oceania, Africa, Asia, Trinidad
Extinct genera
- †Balticoblemma Wunderlich 2004 Bitterfeld, Baltic amber, Eocene
- †Bicornoculus Wunderlich 2015 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
- †Brignoliblemma Wunderlich 2017 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
- †Cymbioblemma Wunderlich 2017 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
- †Electroblemma Selden et al. 2016 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
- †Eogamasomorpha Wunderlich 2008 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
- †Longissithorax Wunderlich 2017 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
- †Longithorax Wunderlich 2017 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
- †Palpalpaculla Wunderlich 2017 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
- †Saetosoma Wunderlich 2012 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
- †Uniscutosoma Wunderlich 2015 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
See also
References
- 1 2 Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1873). "On some new genera and species of Araneida". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 41 (1): 112–129.
- 1 2 "Family: Tetrablemmidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2019-04-25.
- ↑ Lehtinen, P. T. (1981). "Spiders of the Oriental-Australian region. III. Tetrablemmidae, with a world revision". Acta Zoologica Fennica. 162: 20.
- ↑ Wheeler, Ward C.; et al. (2016). "The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling". Cladistics. 33 (6): 574–616. doi:10.1111/cla.12182. PMID 34724759. S2CID 35535038.
- ↑ Shear, W.A. (1978). "Taxonomic notes on the armored spiders of the families Tetrablemmidae and Pacullidae" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (2650).
- ↑ Burger, M.; et al. (2005). "Complex genital system of a haplogyne spider (Arachnida, Araneae, Tetrablemmidae) indicates internal fertilization and full female control over transferred sperm". Journal of Morphology. 267 (2): 166–186. doi:10.1002/jmor.10394. PMID 16276493. S2CID 9408450.
External links
Wikispecies has information related to Tetrablemmidae.
- Tetrablemmidae Armoured Spiders Tetrablemmidae at arachne.org.au
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