Tetramyxa parasitica
T. parasitica in Ruppia tubers
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Diaphoretickes
Clade: SAR
Phylum: Endomyxa
Class: Phytomyxea
Order: Plasmodiophorida
Family: Plasmodiophoridae
Genus: Tetramyxa
Species:
T. parasitica
Binomial name
Tetramyxa parasitica
T. parasitica marine distribution map.[2]

Tetramyxa parasitica is a species of parasitic cercozoan, member of the plasmodiophorids, that causes gall formation on multiple genera of aquatic plants.[3][4] It was first discovered on roots of Ruppia and described by Karl von Goebel in 1884 in his work Flora, where it became the type species of the genus Tetramyxa.[1]

Ecology and pathology

T. parasitica is found in freshwater environments, brackish waters and estuaries. It is an obligate endoparasite of several species of the aquatic plants Ruppia (rastellata, maritima, spiralis, brachypus), Zannichellia (palustris, repens) and Potamogeton (pusillus, panormitanus, striatus, berteroanus).[5]

When attacking a plant stem, the species generates galls that are roughly spherical in shape, with a diameter of 1-5 mm, and with color ranging from light cream and green (during the phase of sporogenic development where small plasmodia become mature resting spores) to dark brown (after the resting spores reach maturity).[3][4]

Due to the pressure generated by the growth of the parasite at the largest galls, the epidermis and pseudoepidermis appear as 1-3 layers of flattened cells with no differentiated cuticle, this way preventing the gall from being easily damaged. The aerenchyma tissue suffers from hyperplasia, due to the hypertrophy of its cells, losing the air pockets and becoming a compact tissue with no defined characteristics. The surrounding cells accumulate big quantities of starch granules of up to 12 μm. However, even in the most advanced growth stages, the vascular tissue seems unaffected.[5]

References

  1. 1 2 Flora oder Allgemeine Botanische Zeitung [Flora or General Botanical Newspaper] (PDF) (in German). Vol. 67. Regensburgische Botanische Gesellschaft von 1790 e.V. 1884. p. 517.
  2. ↑ Neuhauser, Sigrid; Kirchmair, Martin; Gleason, Frank H. (28 April 2011). "Ecological roles of the parasitic phytomyxids (plasmodiophorids) in marine ecosystems – a review". Marine and Freshwater Research. 62 (4): 365–371. doi:10.1071/MF10282. PMC 3272469. PMID 22319023.
  3. 1 2 Dick, Michael W. (2001). Straminipilous Fungi: Systematics of the Peronosporomycetes Including Accounts of the Marine Straminipilous Protists, the Plasmodiophorids and Similar Organisms (1 ed.). Springer Dordrecht. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9733-3. ISBN 978-94-015-9733-3. S2CID 28755980.
  4. 1 2 Braselton JP (1 March 1990). "Ultrastructure and karyology of Tetramyxa parasitica (Plasmodiophoromycetes)". Canadian Journal of Botany. 68 (3): 594–598. doi:10.1139/b90-078.
  5. 1 2 Tur, Nuncia María; Vobis, Germot; Gabellone, Néstor Adrián (1984). "Presencia de Teramyxa parasítica (Plasmodiophoraceae) en dos especies de Potamogetón (Potamogetonaceae)" [Presence of Tetramyxa parasitica (Plasmodiophoraceae) in two species of Potamogeton (Potamogetonaceae)]. Revista del Museo de La Plata. Botánica (in Spanish). Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. XIII (82). ISSN 2545-6377.
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