The fully processed composite photograph of Saturn taken by Cassini on July 19, 2013
Earth can be seen as a blue dot underneath the rings of Saturn.
The photomosaic from NASA's "Wave at Saturn" campaign. The collage includes some 1,600 photos taken by members of the public on the Day the Earth Smiled.

The Day the Earth Smiled is a composite photograph taken by the NASA spacecraft Cassini on July 19, 2013. During an eclipse of the Sun, the spacecraft turned to image Saturn and most of its visible ring system, as well as Earth and the Moon as distant pale dots. The spacecraft had twice taken similar photographs (in 2006 and 2012) in its previous nine years in orbit around the planet. The name also refers to the activities associated with the event, as well as to the photographic mosaic created from it.[1]

Conceived by the planetary scientist Carolyn Porco, the imaging team leader for Cassini, the concept called for the people of the world to reflect on their place in the universe, to marvel at life on Earth, and, at the time the pictures were taken, to look up and smile in celebration.[2][3]

The final mosaic captured on July 19, processed at the Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations (CICLOPS), was released to the public on November 12, 2013.[4][5] The photograph includes Earth, Mars, Venus, and many Saturnian moons.[6] A higher-resolution image, depicting Earth and the Moon as distinct points of light, was taken with Cassini's narrow-angle camera and was released shortly afterwards.

Events

The Cassini probe took images of Earth and the Moon from close to a billion miles away at 21:27 UTC, July 19, 2013. A number of activities were planned to celebrate the occasion:

  • A website was set up as a portal to activities associated with July 19.[7] On it, Porco encouraged the world to celebrate life on planet Earth and humanity's accomplishments in the exploration of the Solar System.
  • Astronomers Without Borders coordinated events internationally.[8]
  • NASA spearheaded a related event called 'Wave at Saturn' "to help acknowledge the historic interplanetary portrait as it is being taken".[9]
  • A "Message to the Milky Way" contest was held by Porco's company, Diamond Sky Productions. People could submit a digital photo taken on July 19 and/or a musical composition. The winning entries were beamed as a message to extraterrestrials, "into the Milky Way from the Arecibo Radio Telescope in Puerto Rico".[10] This follows the example set in 1974, when the first serious effort at communication to alien civilizations, the Arecibo message, was broadcast from Arecibo.

Results

Raw images from Cassini were received on Earth shortly after the event, and a couple of processed images—a high-resolution image of the Earth and the Moon, and a small portion of the final wide-angle mosaic showing the Earth—were released to the public a few days following the July 19 imaging sequence.[11][12]

Processing of the full mosaic took place at CICLOPS under Porco's direction over the course of approximately two months.[13] During the four hours it took Cassini to image the entire 647,808 kilometres (402,529 mi)-wide scene, the spacecraft captured a total of 323 images, 141 of which were used in the mosaic.[6] NASA revealed that this imaging marked the first time four planets – Saturn, Earth, Mars, and Venus – had been captured at once in visible light by the Cassini craft.[14] It was also the first time the people of Earth knew in advance that their picture would be taken from the outer Solar System.[3]

NASA's official release of the final The Day the Earth Smiled mosaic on November 12, 2013, was met with much fanfare in news media outlets around the world.[4][5][15][16][17] The image graced the front page of The New York Times the following day.[18][19] Public figures including media producer Seth MacFarlane lauded the image.[20] The mosaic was also presented by Carolyn Porco, and dedicated to the late astronomer Carl Sagan, at a ceremony at the Library of Congress in honor of its acquisition of Sagan's papers.[21] In addition, a collage of images submitted by 1,600 members of the public to NASA's Wave at Saturn campaign was released on November 12.[22]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Catalog Page for PIA17171". NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
  2. ↑ Porco, Carolyn (18 June 2013). "NASA's Cassini Cameras to Provide Breathtaking Image of Earth from Saturn". PBS. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  3. 1 2 Jones, Jonathan (19 June 2013). "People of Earth, say cheese! Nasa to take everyone's picture from space". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  4. 1 2 Madrigal, Alexis (12 November 2013). "The Carl Sagan of Our Time Reprises the 'Pale Blue Dot' Photo of Earth". The Atlantic. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
  5. 1 2 Overbye, Dennis (12 November 2013). "The View From Saturn". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
  6. 1 2 "The Day the Earth Smiled". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  7. ↑ "The Day the Earth Smiled". Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  8. ↑ "The Day the Earth Smiled". Astronomers Without Borders. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  9. ↑ "Cassini to Take Photo of Earth from Deep Space". saturn.jpl.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-06-22. Retrieved 2013-06-27.
  10. ↑ "Message to the Milky Way". diamondskyproductions.com.
  11. ↑ "Cassini spacecraft photographs Earth from 900 million miles away". Fox News. 22 July 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  12. ↑ Spinks, Peter (26 July 2013). "Earth viewed from a billion miles away". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  13. ↑ Porco, Carolyn (12 November 2013). "Viewpoint: Saturn snapped as Earth smiled". BBC News. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  14. ↑ Hotz, David Lee (13 November 2013). "Saturn from the Dark Side". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  15. ↑ Boyle, Alan (12 November 2013). "Planets galore! Saturn probe's big pic finally unveiled". NBC News. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  16. ↑ "La Tierra, un punto azul diminuto tras los anillos de Saturno". El Mundo. 13 November 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  17. ↑ Page, Lewis (13 November 2013). "SPACE, the FINAL FRONTIER: These are the images of the star probe Cassini". The Register. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  18. ↑ Louis Suarato [@LouisS] (November 13, 2013). "Saturn and astronomy make the front page of the New York Times" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  19. ↑ "Saturn and Its Rings, a Wide View" (PDF). The New York Times. 13 November 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  20. ↑ Seth MacFarlane [@SethMacFarlane] (November 13, 2013). "Brand new stunning photograph of Saturn, taken by NASA's Cassini spacecraft" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  21. ↑ Allen, Erin (14 November 2013). "Portraits of the Solar System: Talking with Carolyn Porco About Carl Sagan". The Library of Congress Blog. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  22. ↑ "The Faces of 'Wave at Saturn'". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 11 November 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
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