The original 1949 edition of The Spiritual Hunt by Mercure de France, with an introduction by Pascal Pia

The Spiritual Hunt (French: La Chasse spirituelle) is a prose poem purportedly written by French writer Arthur Rimbaud, claimed to be his masterpiece by his friend and lover Paul Verlaine.[1] Supposedly strongly resembling in form the only book he published during his lifetime, A Season in Hell, the poem is considered to be one of the most famous lost artworks, despite the fact that in 1949, a twelve-page[2] work by the same title was unveiled to the public by Pascal Pia; Rimbaud scholars, almost unanimously, have denounced this poem as a literary forgery.

The poem

The poem was first mentioned by Paul Verlaine, who claimed to have forgotten its manuscript back with his wife Mathilde in Paris, after leaving the capital for Brussels to reunite with Rimbaud in July 1873. Since it was around this time that Mathilde discovered Rimbaud's "obscene and sexual letters" to Verlaine,[1] Jacques Bienvenu has tried to demonstrate that Verlaine may have even invented the existence of the poem, wanting to subsequently present Rimbaud's letters as a work of fiction.[3] Even though Edmund White believes that the poem had, in fact, existed and that Mathilde destroyed it along with the letters – but not before using them to win her lawsuit for separation from Verlaine in 1874 – he notes that "[i]n his overvaluation of this lost text, Verlaine seems clearly to have been what we might now call a drama queen; he couldn't remember a single line from it later, or even its title."[1]

The forgery

Almost sixty years after Rimbaud's death, on 19 May 1949, Pascal Pia – who by that time had already published three authentic texts by Rimbaud (but who was also known as a forger of Apollinaire, Baudelaire and Radiguet) – to the amazement of the French literary scene, presented for the first time the supposed text of The Spiritual Hunt; extracts of the poem appeared in the newspaper Combat before the integral poem was published a few days later by Mercure de France. However, in a long essay titled "Flagrant crime" and published in Le Figaro in July 1949, André Breton exposed the work as a forgery,[4] and pointed Akakia Viala, a theatre director, and Nicolas Bataille, an actor, as the authors of the fake.[2]

Both Viala and Bataille admitted the crime, claiming that the text had been intended as a revenge on the Rimbaldians who had savagely criticized their recent staging of A Season in Hell and that it had been published without their knowledge. According to Breton and Benjamin Péret, under the seal of secrecy, but hoping to make the text known in the underground literary circles, Bataille had entrusted the poem to Maurice Billot, a bookseller and a close friend of Maurice Nadeau, Pascal Pia and Maurice Saillet; Billot, in turn, gave the poem to Saillet, demanding utmost discretion. Nevertheless, Saillet handed it to Pascal Pia and very soon they offered the text to Mercure de France; Saillet prepared the poem for printing, and Pia authored a long introduction; the book was published in a limited print run of 60 copies.[2] After Breton's pamphlet, the text was republished as a Rimbaldian pastiche, but the press had turned the affair into a huge international scandal, out of which Nadeau never recovered, and "whose repercussions are hard to imagine today".[5]

However, on 5 December 2012, a reissue of the poem by Bataille and Viala was published by Léo Scheer under the name of "Arthur Rimbaud" followed by a 400-page postface by Jean-Jacques Lefrère, which concludes that there may be "no definite facts to assert that the text is or is not a work of Rimbaud".[5] On 13 December 2016, philologist Ahmadou Empaté Bâ published an article in Les Mots et les Lettres questioning Lefrère's method, mainly by demonstrating that the distinction between poets and poetasters is not as obvious as one may be led to believe by his reasoning.

References

  1. 1 2 3 White, Edmund (2008). Rimbaud: The Double Life of a Rebel. New York: Atlas & Co. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-934633-15-1.
  2. 1 2 3 "A propos de 'La chasse spirituelle' attribuée à Arthur Rimbaud" [A propos The Spiritual Hunt, attributed to Arthur Rimbaud] (in French). 22 November 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
  3. ↑ Bienvenu, Jacques (17 September 2009). "Les vrais faussaires de la Chasse spirituelle" [The True Forgers of 'The Spiritual Hunt'] (in French). Retrieved 5 August 2017.
  4. ↑ André Breton, "Flagrant délit", Le Figaro, 2 July 1949; reprinted in André Breton, La clé des champs, Le Livre de Poche, coll. Essais, 1991, pp. 163–215.
  5. 1 2 Lefrère, Jean-Jacques (5 December 2012). "Postface de Jean-Jacques Lefrère (La Chasse spirituelle, Arthur Rimbaud)" [Postface by Jean-Jacques Lefrère to The Spiritual Hunt by Rimbaud] (in French). Retrieved 5 August 2017.
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