Thylacodes variabilis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Littorinimorpha
Family: Vermetidae
Genus: Thylacodes
Species:
T. variabilis
Binomial name
Thylacodes variabilis
(Hadfield & Kay, 1972)
Synonyms

Serpulorbis variabilis M. G. Hadfield & Kay, 1972 superseded combination

Thylacodes variabilis is a species of worm snail common in the rocky intertidal in Hawaiʻi and the tropical Pacific.[1]

Thylacodes variabilis reaches a length of 14 millimeters at the most.[2] Female Thylacodes variabilis release their offspring via eggs/capsules. There are 48 capsules per female and 240 eggs per capsule.[3] Thylacodes variabilis resides down to depths of 40 feet. The snail lives in open environments, to include: tide pools, shallow, wave-swept reef flats, and rocky reefs. The snail has a white-brown shell, which is coiled or partly straight. The shell is often overgrown with coralline algae or coated with sand grains. This is the only worm snail in Hawaii that has no operculum.[4]

They’re considered atypical of non-native and they can form full attachments to natural and artificial surfaces.[5] They can also transport on vessel hulls and other drifting substrates.[6]  Thylacodes are reduced to some parasprem at maturity and they can be replaced with the terminal bulb.  Thylacodes variabilis belongs to crawl-away juveniles hatching.  Considering that they’re polychromatic, individuals vary in both overall head-foot and color patterns.  Their lack of black or yellow can be present in more than one species.[6]  Thylacodes have shells that are shaped like hermit crabs.  Their shell shapes looked unusual just like C. elegans and C. latens.  Their shells are larger and can develop longitudinal sculpture, exceeding 10mm or more.

References

  1. ↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Thylacodes variabilis (M. G. Hadfield & Kay, 1972)". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  2. ↑ "Thylacodes variabilis (Hadfield & Kay 1972) - Encyclopedia of Life". eol.org. Retrieved 2023-02-27.
  3. ↑ "Database Output". www6.pbrc.hawaii.edu. Retrieved 2023-02-27.
  4. ↑ Hoover, John P. (1998). Hawai'i's sea creatures : a guide to Hawai'i's marine invertebrates. Scott Johnson ([First edition] ed.). [Honolulu, Hawaii]: Mutual Pub. ISBN 1-56647-220-2. OCLC 41975146.
  5. ↑ Bieler, Rüdiger; Granados-Cifuentes, Camila; Rawlings, Timothy A.; Sierwald, Petra; Collins, Timothy M. (2017-04-05). "Non-native molluscan colonizers on deliberately placed shipwrecks in the Florida Keys, with description of a new species of potentially invasive worm-snail (Gastropoda: Vermetidae)". PeerJ. 5: e3158. doi:10.7717/peerj.3158. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 5384567.
  6. 1 2 Buckland-Nicks, John; Hadfield, Michael G. (January 2005). "Spermatogenesis in Serpulorbis (Mollusca: Vermetoidea) and its implications for phylogeny of gastropods". Invertebrate Reproduction & Development. 48 (1–3): 171–184. doi:10.1080/07924259.2005.9652183. ISSN 0792-4259.


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